浙江淡竹出笋和幼竹高生长规律的研究

通过对浙江淡竹出笋和幼竹高生长规律的试验研究表明，浙江淡竹出笋历期短，出笋十分集中，其出笋高峰期在出笋后的第4～9天，出笋量占全期出笋的73．8％；浙江淡竹的幼竹高生长过程可用Logistic曲线模拟，相关系数较高，效果较好；气象因子影响浙江淡竹日生长量主要通过影响昼生长量来实现，其主要气象因子是昨日气温、最低气温和相对湿度。     

竹炭陶土复合材料的制备和结构性能表征

以竹炭粉、陶土为主要原料,经混合、成型、干燥和煅烧等工艺制得竹炭陶土复合材料(以下称竹炭陶),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、拉曼光谱测试仪(Raman)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和比表面积测试仪等仪器,对竹炭陶的微晶构造、孔隙结构、吸附和红外辐射性能等进行表征。结果表明:竹炭微粒镶嵌在陶土基体中,保留原有以中孔为主的孔隙结构和类石墨化晶体结构,获得的竹炭陶具有较大的比表面积和中孔为主的孔隙结构,能有效地吸附甲醛、苯等有害气体。加入一定量的竹炭能提高竹炭陶的远红外发射率,其红外发射率均高于陶土和竹炭,结合红外吸收光谱谱图分析,竹炭陶具有高红外发射率的本质在于具有倍频吸收、分子基团振动、转动及晶格振动。     

水热预处理对猪粪厌氧消化系统中磺胺嘧啶降解的影响

为进一步了解水热预处理对猪粪连续厌氧消化过程中磺胺嘧啶（sulfadiazine, SDZ）降解机制的影响,以及对厌氧消化系统性能的影响效果。该研究以猪粪为对象,对比研究了水热预处理对厌氧发酵模式下SDZ的降解变化规律与途径及其对猪粪产气性能的影响。研究结果表明：水热预处理（150 ℃）使中温连续厌氧反应器中的SDZ的综合去除率显著提升（P <0.05）,由40.5%～58.5%提高到54.4%～75.2%;并且通过中间降解产物推测SDZ的生物降解途径主要包括SDZ水解、羟基化、硫脱氧、氨基氧化、嘧啶环裂解等;在厌氧消化性能方面,水热预处理使稳定运行后反应器的日产沼气量提高了约34.05%（P <0.05）。此外,对反应器中微生物群落分析后,发现Syntrophomonas、Sedimentibacter与SDZ的降解高度相关,并且经过水热预处理后Sedimentibacter的相对丰度较未水热预处理显著提升。因此,水热预处理耦合厌氧消化工艺具有同步提高SDZ降解和厌氧消化性能的作用,有助于进一步提高沼液的生态安全性。     

中草药验方对乏情母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验选择由卵巢机能失调、子宫炎、阴道炎为主要原因引起的乏情母猪,通过中草药制剂和西药促性腺激素进行催情治疗的效果比较。证实了中草药验方对乏情母猪具有较好的提高繁殖性能的作用。     

Screen of Biocontrol Bacteria of Ginger Wilt by Inhibiting Zones and Root-colonizing Capacity

2003年6月在雅安飞仙关多功乡13个未发病或发病较轻的生姜田块中分离到217个细菌菌株,其中三个(L1、D4、T10)菌株对姜瘟病有强抑菌作用,用利福平标记后在室内的灭菌土和非灭菌土中分别进行定殖能力的测定,结果表明:L1在平板上的抑菌圈不是最大,而最终定殖密度却是最大,而T10抑菌圈最大,定殖能力却不是最大。在灭菌土中比非灭菌土中的定殖能力强。在田间防病试验中,防病效果分别达60.16%(L1)、39.10%(D4)、52.39%(T10)、此外试验结果还表明三个菌株都有不同程度的增产促长作用。     

Distribution of Potato virus Y in potato plant organs, tissues, and cells

The distribution of Potato virus Y (PVY) in the systemically infected potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants of the highly susceptible cultivar Igor was investigated. Virus presence and accumulation was analyzed in different plant organs and tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) negative staining methods. To get a complete insight into the location of viral RNA within the tissue, in situ hybridization was developed and optimized for the detection of PVY RNA at the cellular level. PVY was shown to accumulate in all studied leaf and stem tissues, in shoot tips, roots, and tubers; however, the level of virus accumulation was specific for each organ or tissue. The highest amounts of viral RNA and viral particles were found in symptomatic leaves and stem. By observing cell ultrastructure with TEM, viral cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were localized in close vicinity to the epidermis and in trichomes. Our results show that viral RNA, viral particles, and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies colocalize within the same type of cells or in close vicinity.     

Sublethal effects of nine insecticides on Drosophila suzukii and its major pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae

Background

Although the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC₁₀) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host.

Results

Chlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC₁₀, the values of which were 9.78 × 10¹³ and 1.46 × 10³ times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids.

Conclusion

This study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

4种农药在适制乌龙茶品种茶树上的自然降解动态

为评价4种农药在乌龙荼品种茶树新梢上的残留水平及安全性。以铁观音和武夷肉桂两个典型乌龙荼品种为材料,利用气相色谱分析技术,研究4种化学农药（联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和优乐得）在茶树新梢上残留的自然降解动态。联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和优乐得在铁观音新梢中的半衰期分别为6d、5d、4d和4d,在武夷肉桂新梢中分别为7d、4d、3d和5d。建议在乌龙茶的出口基地上,喷施联苯菊酯和氯氰菊酯后的安全间隔期分别为13d和24d。     

竹木层积塑化板的研制

以竹席、杨木单板、底层纸和水溶性酚醛树脂胶为原料,将竹席先行水煮、然后进行干燥、浸胶并再干燥,杨木单板进行两次双面涂胶,底层纸则通过浸胶、干燥成胶膜纸,然后组合成以竹帘为芯层,杨木单板为内层,胶膜纸为表层的板坯,采用“冷-热-冷”胶合工艺,压制成强度高,吸水厚度膨胀率小的竹木层积塑化板。     

13种生物杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的杀虫活性

<正>草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda属鳞翅目夜蛾科灰翅夜蛾属Spodoptera,俗称秋黏虫,是一种重要的世界级入侵性农业害虫。原产于美洲的热带和亚热带,具有迁飞能力强、食性广和繁殖能力强等特点。该害虫主要通过取食生长点、根部、叶片、花丝、