养殖业兽医社会化服务模式分析

我国养殖业的兽医服务方式多样,其中兽医社会化服务能力不足的问题由来已久,亟需发展壮大。在有关政策法规的指导下,多地结合自身条件,因地制宜探索推行了兽医社会化服务模式。本文介绍了兽医服务公司承接、"企业+农户"、"购买产品+服务"、合作社承接、科研院所服务、信息化平台服务等6种养殖业兽医社会化服务模式,并对不同模式的服务组织、服务内容、服务机制、服务特点等进行了分析,其中"兽医服务公司承接模式"和"合作社承接模式"的社会化程度较高,也是目前基层最为推广的模式。这提示当前的兽医社会化服务组织需进一步扩大服务范围、拓展服务对象、提升技术能力,推动整体升级转型。     

滴头性能综合测试平台构建及其在水力特性研究中的应用

在对国内外滴头性能测试系统进行深入分析的基础上，构建了面向滴头性能研究的综合测试平台，并利用该系统对目前中国农业灌溉领域最为典型的8种迷宫式流道滴头水力性能进行了研究，结果表明：测试系统完全符合滴头流量-压力测试要求；升压、降压两种工作方式对滴头出流的有一定影响，但未达到显著水平；经典的流量-压力关系模型完全适合于1.5～15.0 m压力区间；从水力学角度来看，8种滴头能够满足微重力滴灌滴头的要求；滴头流量偏差系数在整个压力区间范围内都在一定数值附近，制造偏差是属于滴头本身的特性，并不随滴头进口压力的变化而变化，用流量偏差系数完全可以反映这种特性。     

雏鸡感染IBDV后法氏囊显微和超微结构的观察

运用光镜、电镜技术，观察了雏鸡实验感染传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）后，其法氏囊显微和超微结构的动态变化。光镜观察表明，在感染早期，淋巴滤泡髓质部的淋巴细胞发生坏死，间质轻度水肿。感染后４ｄ，淋巴滤泡皮质内的毛细血管呈一典型的出血带环绕髓质，髓质部的淋巴细胞多已坏死、崩解。继之，整个淋巴滤泡呈网络状或囊状空泡。感染６ｄ以后，固有膜内的网状细胞和毛细血管大量增生，新的淋巴滤泡形成。电镜观察证明，在感染早期，淋巴细胞质内的内质网与核膜扩张，线粒体嵴紊乱或空泡化。继之，淋巴细胞核液化，细胞坏死、崩解。巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞大量出现，其胞浆内含有大量吞噬体和吞噬泡。     

Immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes in the corpus luteum and placenta of the Japanese Shiba goat

In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3betaHSD), cytochrome 17alpha-hydroxylase P450 (P450c17), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) in the corpus luteum and placenta of Shiba goats. The aim was to clarify the steroidogenic capability of the corpus luteum and placenta of Shiba goats. Ovaries containing corpora lutea were obtained from four adult Shiba goats during the luteal phase (day10; n=2) and pregnancy (90 and 120 days of gestation). Placenta was obtained from one Shiba goat on day 120 of gestation. The sections of the ovaries and placentae were immunostained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC) with polyclonal antibodies generated against steroidogenic enzymes of mammalian origin. All luteal cells expressed P450scc, 3betaHSD, P450c17 and P450arom. The distribution of P450scc, 3betaHSD, P450c17 and P450arom were not different during the luteal phase and pregnancy. P450arom showed a weak positive staining in late pregnancy (120 days). In addition, immunoreactions for P450c17 and P450arom were observed in syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta of one Shiba goat. These results indicate that, in Shiba goats, corpus luteum is not only an important source of progesterone but also has the ability to synthesize androgen and estrogen during the luteal phase and pregnancy. Also the placenta has the ability to synthesize androgen and estrogen in late pregnancy.     

Evaluation of biochemical analytes in vitreous humor collected after death in West Indian manatees

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biochemical analytes in vitreous humor collected after death in West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 73 West Indian manatees of various ages and both sexes. PROCEDURE: The condition of manatee carcasses submitted for routine postmortem examination was categorized as fresh, moderately autolyzed, or severely autolyzed. The eyes were removed, frozen for shipping, and thawed on arrival at the laboratory. Vitreous humor was extracted, and various biochemical analytes were measured. Values for each analyte were compared with published reference ranges for corresponding biochemical analytes in serum. Values were also compared among the carcass condition groups. RESULTS: Creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations in vitreous humor were significantly higher in severely autolyzed carcasses than in fresh carcasses. Potassium concentrations in vitreous humor were significantly higher in moderately autolyzed carcasses than in fresh carcasses but were highly variable in severely autolyzed carcasses. These data were consistent with those reported in other species. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that measurement of biochemical analytes in vitreous humor of manatees is feasible and has potential for assisting in the postmortem diagnosis of certain metabolic, renal, and nutritional diseases; determining severity of autolysis at time of necropsy; and determining the time of occurrence of human-induced trauma.     

国审小麦新品种连麦2号特性分析及主要栽培技术

连云港市属于北亚热带向暖温带过渡的地区,属黄淮南片冬麦区,小麦品种类型以半冬性为主,适宜种植优质面包、面条、馒头类强中筋专用小麦。连麦2号(连9791)是连云港市农业科学院以鉴94(73)与鲁麦21为亲本杂交育成的高产优质专用小麦新品种。该品     

日本金竹文化论

日本的金竹文化鲜明体现在古代战争、传统节日、文学等方面,具有历史悠久、内涵深刻、表现广泛等特点。近代以后金竹文化低迷,但仍然是日本竹文化中最具神圣文化内涵的部分。     

Comparison of the florfenicol metabolic rate in Portunus trituberculatus individuals with different body weights

We analysed the metabolic rate of large individuals (LIs) and small individuals (SIs) (based on body weight) of 80‐day‐old specimens of Portunus trituberculatus injected with 40 mg/kg florfenicol (FLR). The results showed that FLR contents in the gills and hepatopancreas were higher in the SIs than in the LIs. The activities of erythromycin N‐demethylase and 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase related to cytochrome oxidase P450 (CYP) were induced after FLR injection and showed a size‐dependent pattern; however, no significant difference in aminopyrine N‐demethylase activity was found between the LIs and SIs. The activity of the phase II enzyme glutathione S‐transferase (GST) increased in the hepatopancreas after FLR injection, and it was higher in the SIs than the LIs. Moreover, induction of CYP2, CYP3, GST, ABCB and ABCG was observed in the first 24 hr after FLR injection. FLR caused more biomolecular damage in the SIs than the LIs, displaying an obvious body weight‐ and time‐dependent pattern. In summary, the SIs exhibited faster FLR uptake and slower depuration in this species, and FLR caused more biomolecular damage to the SIs.     

Semi-Analytical Solutions for Two-Dimensional Transport and Transformation of Contaminants in Soil Medias Associated with Large-Strain Deformation

For the understanding of contaminant transport and transformation through landfill liner soils, most models are proposed with one-dimensional solutions. However, for large-scale contamination analysis, the one-dimensional analytical equations are not valid owing to the restriction of contaminants moving in horizontal direction. Thus, semi-analytical solutions for two-dimensional transport and transformation of contaminants through soil media with the consideration of large-strain deformation have been developed. To achieve this, Gibson’s large-strain consolidation theory is applied to capture the deformation of soil media under loading, with self-weight effects being taken into account. Transport and transformation of dissolved or sorbed contaminates in fully saturated finite soil medias are captured by extending a well-developed advection-dispersion model in two-dimensional space. The proposed analytical solutions are validated through simulating the process of coupled transport-transformation process of contaminants and consolidation of a finite soil layer. Profiles of contaminant concentration for different cases have been compared and discussed. The resulting simulation shows that large-strain deformation would restrict the transport and transformation of contaminants significantly, in both horizontal and vertical directions. Parameter studies also indicate that, with the increasing depth of soil layer, the breakthrough time for contaminants increases dramatically; diffusion coefficients affect the two-dimensional distributions of contaminant concentration and fate of contaminant in layered soil significantly. The numerical findings of this study can provide proper suggestions for the design of landfill liners.     

微咸水膜下滴灌对土壤水盐分布及加工番茄产量的影响

为探明微咸水膜下滴灌对土壤水盐分布及加工番茄生长和产量的影响,通过大田小区试验,设置灌水矿化度和灌水定额两个因素,其中3个灌溉水矿化度水平分别为S1:1 g·L~(-1)、S2:3 g·L~(-1)和S3:5 g·L~(-1),3个灌水定额分别为W1:305 m~3·hm~(-2)、W2:458 m~3·hm~(-2)和W3:611 m~3·hm~(-2),来进一步寻求适宜本地区加工番茄生长的微咸水膜下滴灌灌溉制度。结果表明:覆膜微咸水滴灌条件下土壤含水量垂直方向的变化趋势表现为0～20 cm土层随深度增加含水量逐渐降低、20～100 cm土层随深度增加含水量逐渐增大、60～100 cm范围内土层剖面含水量最大的分布规律;土壤含盐量随着灌水矿化度的增大而增加,且随着灌水量的增加土壤盐分逐渐向水平距滴灌带35 cm处聚集。灌水矿化度超过3 g·L~(-1)时加工番茄株高、茎粗均受到一定程度的抑制作用,但对产量影响不大。本文通过试验得出:灌水定额为611 m~3·hm~(-2)、矿化度为1 g·L~(-1)处理为本地区最佳微咸水膜下滴灌处理,加工番茄生长健壮且产量最高,达到127 613.2 kg·hm~(-2);同时认为,在我国淡水资源比较缺乏的新疆地区可以考虑采用灌水定额458 m~3·hm~(-2)和灌水矿化度3～5 g·L~(-1)的微咸水对盐分中等敏感的加工番茄进行灌溉。