祁连山自然保护区康乐自然保护站野生动物调查与研究

为进一步查清祁连山自然保护区康乐自然保护站辖区内野生动物资源现状,全面、准确地掌握野生动物资源的动态变化,分析变化的原因,提出保护管理与合理利用对策,更好地贯彻执行《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》及《中华人民共和国陆生野生动物保护实施条例》,进行了为期2a的针对康乐保护站辖区内国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级和省级重点保护野生动物的全面调查,并针对辖区环境情况,分析研究影响动物活动的因素,提出整改措施。     

无芒隐子草地上部分功能性状对长期放牧的变异性响应

植物个体受放牧干扰影响,通过自身权衡不同功能性状,对不同放牧强度干扰做出差异性适应。为研究长期放牧条件下,植物个体各性状对不同放牧梯度的差异性响应,本研究以荒漠草原优势种无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)为研究对象,分析其个体功能性状对放牧的响应变化、地上生物量与各功能性状间的关系,以及各功能性状对个体地上生物量的影响权重。结果表明:随放牧强度增加,叶片各性状指标、个体生物量、植株高度、冠(丛)幅均有明显变小、变矮的趋势;除茎基部直径和平均叶长外,无芒隐子草个体地上生物量、茎重、叶重与植株茎、叶各表型性状均呈正相关关系,植物个体地上生物量组分具有较大的变异性,变异性较小的表型性状指标与地上生物量组分的相关性系数相对偏低;影响无芒隐子草地上生物量的表型性状中,总叶面积、叶片数和平均叶长的VIP(variable importance projection)值大于1,其对植物个体地上生物量的贡献率达到61.01%。放牧导致无芒隐子草各功能性状出现显著性差异,但并未改变其作为优势种的地位。     

牛磺酸在动物营养上的研究进展

牛磺酸广泛存在于动物体各组织器官内,具有多种生物学功能,在动物营养中具有十分重要的作用。通过对牛磺酸理化性质、生物学功能的研究,探讨其作为添加剂在养殖业中的应用。     

不同体重阶段川藏黑猪和杜长大猪肌肉中氨基酸含量研究

为了研究不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸沉积规律,试验采用高效液相色谱检测了不同体重梯度（90、110和130 kg）的川藏黑猪和杜长大（DLY）猪背最长肌中氨基酸含量。结果表明,谷氨酸在两猪种肌肉中含量最高,含硫氨基酸总量在90和130 kg体重梯度时表现为川藏黑猪显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）,110 kg体重梯度时极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,而同一猪种不同体重梯度间各种氨基酸组成差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸比例（FAA/TAA）在90 kg体重梯度表现为川藏黑猪极显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.01）,130 kg体重梯度时显著高于DLY猪（P〈0.05）。本研究说明川藏黑猪肌肉中与风味相关的氨基酸含量高于DLY猪,我们认为这也是川藏黑猪的肌肉风味比DLY猪更浓郁的重要原因之一。我们的研究初步揭示了不同猪种背最长肌中氨基酸的沉积规律及构成差异,为进一步研究猪肉风味形成机理提供数据。     

河北省舍饲绵羊的热应激评价及温湿参数与羊生理指标的相关性研究

本研究旨在评价河北省三大区域（冀北燕山、太行山区和冀中南平原）羊场夏季绵羊的热应激程度,并分析温热环境参数与绵羊个体生理指标的相关性,为改善羊舍环境提供理论依据。选择3个区域12个规模化羊场,自动检测并记录夏季羊舍的环境温度和相对湿度2个月,同时检测各场绵羊的直肠温度和呼吸频率。结果表明,冀北燕山、太行山区和冀中南平原的羊舍日均温度分别达24.3、28.5和28.7℃,温湿指数（THI）分别达72.40、79.91和79.47,冀北燕山区域绵羊正遭受轻度热应激,而太行山区和冀中南平原地区的绵羊遭受中度甚至重度热应激,可见,夏季河北省舍饲绵羊的热应激防控需要引起关注,加强夏季的防暑降温措施刻不容缓。从绵羊个体生理指标看,3个区域绵羊的直肠温度范围为39.1～39.8℃,呼吸频率为42～114次·min^-1,直肠温度与环境温度、THI之间均未表现出显著相关关系（P>0.05）,但与相对湿度间表现出显著的线性负相关关系（P<0.05,r=0.60）;呼吸频率与环境温度、THI之间表现出极显著正相关关系（P<0.01,r=0.84;P<0.01,r=0.87）,与相对湿度间未表现出显著相关关系（P>0.05）。因此,通过羊舍温湿参数和THI的测定可以推断绵羊的个体生理状况,对实际生产中舍饲羊热应激的预防及相关疾病的诊断提供依据。     

褐飞虱在华中地区不同主栽水稻品种上的生活史和种群动态

为明确褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens对华中地区不同主栽水稻品种的适合度,利用两性生命表分析华中地区的5个主栽水稻品种C两优、岳优、深两优、华两优和红良优对褐飞虱生活史参数的影响,并模拟取食5个水稻品种后褐飞虱的种群动态。结果表明:不同水稻品种对褐飞虱的生长发育和繁殖存在显著影响,取食华两优和红良优的褐飞虱雌成虫寿命分别为10.73 d和11.43 d,显著短于取食C两优(14.71 d)、岳优(15.34 d)和深两优(14.52 d)时;取食红良优的褐飞虱雌成虫产卵量为108.30粒,较取食C两优(237.90粒)、岳优(218.40粒)和深两优(179.60粒)显著减少。褐飞虱取食红良优后,其种群净增殖率和世代周期均显著低于取食C两优和岳优时;而其种群内禀增长率和周限增长率均显著低于取食岳优时。表明华中地区5个主栽水稻品种中红良优可显著降低褐飞虱的繁殖力和种群参数,褐飞虱对红良优的适合度最低,可作为华中地区主栽水稻来防控褐飞虱。     

Compensation for changes in hoof conformation between shoeing sessions through the adaptation of angular kinematics of the distal segments of the limbs of horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanism that enables horses to partially counteract the shift of the center of pressure under the hoof induced by changes in hoof morphology attributable to growth and wear during a shoeing interval. ANIMALS: 18 clinically sound Warmblood horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were evaluated 2 days and 8 weeks after shoeing during trotting on a track containing pressure-force measuring plates and by use of a synchronous infrared gait analysis system set at a frequency of 240 Hz. All feet were trimmed toward straight alignment of the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges and shod with standard flat shoes. Results-Temporal characteristics such as stance time and the time between heel lift and toe off (ie, breakover duration) did not change significantly as a result of shoeing interval. Protraction and retraction angles of the limbs did not change. Compensation was achieved through an increase in the dorsal angle of the metacarpohalangeal or metarsophalangeal (fetlock) joint and a concomitant decrease of the dorsal angle of the hoof wall and fetlock. There was an additional compensatory mechanism in the hind limbs during the landing phase. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses compensate for changes in hoof morphology that develop during an 8-week shoeing interval such that they are able to maintain their neuromuscular pattern of movement. The compensation consists of slight alterations in the angles between the distal segments of the limb. Insight into natural compensation mechanisms for hoof imbalance will aid in the understanding and treatment of pathologic conditions in horses.     

Immunolocalization of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) in the reproductive organs of Shiba goats

The objective of this study was to determine the immunolocalization of NGF and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) in the reproductive tract of the Japanese Shiba goats. Five adult goats were used in this study and sections of ovaries, uteri and oviducts were immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method (ABC). The results showed that NGF and its receptors (TrkA and p75LNGFR) were expressed in granulosa cells, theca cells, interstitial cells and lutein cells in ovaries. Immunoreactions for NGF, TrkA and p75LNGFR were also detectable in epithelial cells and muscle cells of the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct, and in epithelial cells and uterine glands of the uterus. These results strongly suggest autocrine and paracrine regulation of reproductive function by NGF in the reproductive tract of female Shiba goats.     

豚草条纹叶(虫甲)(鞘翅目:叶(虫甲)科)的寄主专一性测定

1987年从苏联、加拿大引进原产北美的豚草天敌—豚草条纹叶(虫甲),在室内用具有代表性的23科72种主要经济作物、粮食作物、观赏植物及与豚草近缘或形态上相似的植物,进行了食性测定。结果表明,豚草条纹叶(虫甲)食性专一,仅取食豚草,不取食其它任何供试植物,在我国可以安全利用。在饥饿条件下,一龄幼虫的耐饥能力为3.1天,雌、雄成虫的耐饥能力分别为14和10.2天。