Evaluation of biochemical analytes in vitreous humor collected after death in West Indian manatees

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biochemical analytes in vitreous humor collected after death in West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 73 West Indian manatees of various ages and both sexes. PROCEDURE: The condition of manatee carcasses submitted for routine postmortem examination was categorized as fresh, moderately autolyzed, or severely autolyzed. The eyes were removed, frozen for shipping, and thawed on arrival at the laboratory. Vitreous humor was extracted, and various biochemical analytes were measured. Values for each analyte were compared with published reference ranges for corresponding biochemical analytes in serum. Values were also compared among the carcass condition groups. RESULTS: Creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations in vitreous humor were significantly higher in severely autolyzed carcasses than in fresh carcasses. Potassium concentrations in vitreous humor were significantly higher in moderately autolyzed carcasses than in fresh carcasses but were highly variable in severely autolyzed carcasses. These data were consistent with those reported in other species. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that measurement of biochemical analytes in vitreous humor of manatees is feasible and has potential for assisting in the postmortem diagnosis of certain metabolic, renal, and nutritional diseases; determining severity of autolysis at time of necropsy; and determining the time of occurrence of human-induced trauma.     

中国苜蓿审定登记品种叶形态特征及变异分析

利用CI-202型叶面积仪研究29个我国审定登记苜蓿品种(Medicago sativa L.)的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶周长、叶长/叶宽和叶形指数。结果表明:地方苜蓿品种和育成品种在叶形态方面存在着较大的差异,前者的叶片较后者小;二者叶片形状相似;在6个指标中,叶长宽比变异最大,叶周长变异最小;地方品种的叶面积、叶长、叶周长和叶长宽比的变异系数均高于育成品种,其他2项指标则低于后者;在育成品种中,中兰1号的变异最大,甘农3号苜蓿最小;在地方品种中,蔚县苜蓿的变异最大,河西苜蓿最小;该结果将为今后培育苜蓿新品种提供理论基础。     

牧草抗旱性综合评价指标体系的AHP模型设计与应用的研究

在查阅大量牧草抗旱性鉴定指标研究资料的基础上,应用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ模型,ＡｎａｌｙｔｉｃＨｉｅｒ－ａｒｃｈｙＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ）理论,根据专家咨询系统的反馈信息,对所选择的６类抗旱性鉴定指标及其２１个指标变量,进行比较判断矩阵的构建和计算,定量确定了各指标变量在牧草抗旱性综合评价体系中的权重及重要程度次序。     

德令哈市人工草地发展情况调查

在分析德令哈市人工草地发展现状与存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了本市草产业的发展对策。     

Variation in free jumping technique within and among horses with little experience in show jumping

OBJECTIVE: To quantify variation in the jumping technique within and among young horses with little jumping experience, establish relationships between kinetic and kinematic variables, and identify a limited set of variables characteristic for detecting differences in jumping performance among horses. ANIMALS: Fifteen 4-year-old Dutch Warmblood horses. PROCEDURE: The horses were raised under standardized conditions and trained in accordance with a fixed protocol for a short period. Subsequently, horses were analyzed kinematically during free jumping over a fence with a height of 1.05 m. RESULTS: Within-horse variation in all variables that quantified jumping technique was smaller than variation among horses. However, some horses had less variation than others. Height of the center of gravity (CG) at the apex of the jump ranged from 1.80 to 2.01 m among horses; this variation could be explained by the variation in vertical velocity of the CG at takeoff (r, 0.78). Horses that had higher vertical velocity at takeoff left the ground and landed again farther from the fence, had shorter push-off phases for the forelimbs and hind limbs, and generated greater vertical acceleration of the CG primarily during the hind limb push-off. However, all horses cleared the fence successfully, independent of jumping technique. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Each horse had its own jumping technique. Differences among techniques were characterized by variations in the vertical velocity of the CG at takeoff. It must be determined whether jumping performance later in life can be predicted from observing free jumps of young horses.     

蝗虫痘病毒对黄胫小车蝗生长发育和产卵力的影响

试验观察结果表明,蝗虫痘病毒除对黄胫小车蝗有显著致死作用外,使感病寄主在接种13～33d后,食量比对照减少28.73%～70.40 %导致生长发育缓慢,接种后13～18d,对照组生长率为36.3mg/d,而处理组则分别为14.9、14.5和9.6mg/d,仅为对照的1/4～1/2。寄主羽化极不整齐,对照组整个历期只有5d,而处理组则为16～46d,随着接种剂量的加大,这种“拖延”趋势越发明显。寄主产卵量明显降低,甚至根本不能产卵。处理组寄主“畸形”和“自相残杀”的情况也较对照组严重。     

多年生黑麦草高频再生体系的建立及农杆菌介导PEPC基因的转化

以多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)成熟种子作为外植体,建立其高频再生体系,通过农杆菌介导法将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因转入,为多年生黑麦草的抗逆转基因工作奠定基础。结果表明:种子充分灭菌后在附加6.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D的培养基中诱导愈伤组织,诱导率可达61.33%。愈伤组织在2,4-D浓度减半的培养基上继代培养长势良好,分化培养基为MS培养基附加1.0 mg·L^-16-BA,分化率最高达到61.33%,在1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中进行生根培养,生根率达100%。以该再生体系为基础,将获得的愈伤组织作为外植体进行遗传转化,经筛选培养后得到再生植株,通过PCR及实时荧光定量(Real-Time)PCR验证表明PEPC基因已成功转入,转化率为8.67%。试验结果将为多年生黑麦草抗性品种的研究奠定基础。     

Second-intention repair in the horse and pony and management of exuberant granulation tissue.

Second-intention repair is faster in ponies than in horses and faster in body wounds than in limb wounds. To a large extent, the differences between horses and ponies can be explained by differences in the local inflammatory response, which are a result of the functional capacity of leukocytes. In ponies, leukocytes produce more inflammatory mediators,resulting in better local defense, faster cellular debridement, and a faster transition to the repair phases, with more wound contraction. In horses,leukocytes produce fewer mediators, initiating a weak inflammatory response, which becomes chronic. This inhibits wound contraction and gives rise to the formation of exuberant granulation tissue. The anatomic environment that influences the inflammatory response and wound contraction most probably determines the differences between body and limb wounds. In body wounds, better perfusion results in faster initiation of the inflammatory phase. The weaker local resistance results in a greater degree of contraction. In limb wounds, particularly of horses, the initial inflammatory response is weak and wound contraction is restricted. Both factors give rise to chronic inflammation, which further inhibits wound contraction and promotes exuberant granulation tissue. The high incidence of exuberant granulation tissue in limb wounds of horses can thus be explained by the chronicity of the inflammatory response as well as by the common use of bandages during treatment. Chronic inflammation is often not recognized as a cause of exuberant granulation tissue. It must be prevented and treated to promote the healing process. Bandages and casts stimulate the formation of exuberant granulation tissue; however, they are advantageous in many respects and play an important role in support of the overall healing process.     

经验学习对警犬技术成人培训的影响

所谓经验学习就是学习者通过对自己过去所掌握的知识和经验的深刻回顾与系统反思,结合需要学习的新知识、新内容,从中总结归纳并产生出新知识的过程。实践证明,经验学习对警犬技术专业成人培训的影响是巨大而深刻的,有时往往会超出人