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131.
Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate the effects of different concentrates to roughage ratios on growth
performance and attainment of puberty in Friesian–Boran crossbred heifers. Weaned 50% Friesian–Boran crossbred female calves
were used in both experiments with 25 and 20 calves in experiments I and II, respectively. In experiment I, the calves were
offered diets with concentrate to roughage ratios of 50:50 (treatment 1) or 30:70 (treatment 2). In experiment II, the calves
grazed for 8 h a day and supplemented with 2 kg hay and 1 kg concentrate per head per day (treatment 1) or only 2 kg hay per
head per day (treatment 2). The concentrate mixture was composed of 34% wheat bran, 31% wheat middling, 31% noug cake, 3%
limestone, and 1% salt. In experiment I, heifers fed a ration with 50% concentrate and 50% roughage had higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gain (0.532 kg) and attained puberty at 221 kg (65% of the mature body weight) in 15 months, while
heifers fed a diet with 30% concentrate and 70% roughage gained 0.434 kg/day and reached puberty at 247 kg (70% of the mature
body weight), about 3 months later. Heifers in treatments 1 and 2 of experiment II reached puberty 5 and 12 months later,
respectively, than those in experiment I. In experiment II, heifers given 1 kg of concentrate supplement had higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gain (0.346 kg) than those given only 2 kg hay in addition to grazing (0.278 kg). Growth rate of
crossbred heifers was enhanced and age at puberty was reduced by changing the rearing management from outdoor to indoor and
with increasing level of concentrate in the ration. This helps to bring the dairy heifer into production earlier and enhance
to the overall productivity of the dairy industry. 相似文献
132.
An ultrastructural study was performed on chloride cells of euryhaline R.r.Caspicus of south of Caspian Sea. The chloride
cells are distributed in the interlamellar region of filaments. They are oval to elongated form with an apical positioned
nucleus, expanded tubular system and heteromorphic mitochondria. These cells are surrounded by pavement cell and accessory
cell. A small and depressed surface formed by pavement cells is in contact with the aquatic milieu. There is also channel
system in accessory cells. One of the typical features was the important changes in microtubules and mitochondria of chloride
cells in some fishes. Swelling and rupture of cristae and degeneration of microtubules were from these changes. 相似文献
133.
134.
Haunshi S Shanmugam M Padhi MK Niranjan M Rajkumar U Reddy MR Panda AK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):969-973
The present study was conducted to evaluate two Indian native chicken breeds, namely, Aseel and Kadaknath for fertility, hatchability,
genetic parameters of juvenile growth traits, and semen quality traits at the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility was
similar in Aseel (86.96%) and Kadaknath (85.15%); however, a relatively higher hatchability was observed in Kadaknath (77.94%)
than Aseel (70.74%). Heritability estimates of body weights at 4 weeks of age were almost similar in Aseel (0.37) and Kadaknath
(0.39), while the estimate of body weight at 6 weeks of age was higher in Aseel (0.42) than Kadaknath (0.31). The heritability
estimate of shank length at 6 weeks of age was lower in Aseel (0.16) compared to Kadaknath (0.35). The age at first egg in
the flock was comparable in Aseel (148 days) and Kadaknath (150 days). Aseel breed with significantly (P ≤ 0.001) higher body weight, absolute and relative testes weights had significantly higher semen volume (P ≤ 0.05) and sperm motility (P ≤ 0.01) but had lower seminal plasma cholesterol level (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to Kadaknath. It can be concluded that there is a scope for genetic improvement of these two native breeds
for juvenile growth traits since heritability estimates of these traits were relatively high. 相似文献
135.
Segura-Correa JC Ek-Mex EJ Alzina-López A Magaña-Monforte JG Sarmiento-Franco L Santos-Ricalde RH 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1191-1194
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of some factors on the length of productive life (LPL), the number
of parities (NP), and the culling interval (CI) of sows. The information from 2003 to 2009 of 3,746 sows with LPL and NP records
and 5,819 sows with CI records from the four farms of Yucatan, Mexico was used. LPL was defined as the number of days between
the first farrowing and culling or death and CI as the number of days between the last farrowing and culling. To determine
the effects of farm, litter size at first farrowing (LSF1) and age at first farrowing (AF1) on LPL and NP, and of farm, LSF1
and culling reason on CI general linear models were used. Means and standard errors for LPL, NP, and CI were 496.4 ± 8.42 days,
3.35 ± 0.04 parities, and 48.3 ± 0.52 days, respectively. All factors had significant effects (P < 0.05) on LPL, NP, and CI. The sows from farm 2 stayed longer (806.0 days) and had more parities (5.25) than the sows from
the other farms. Sows with the smallest litters (≤8 piglets) at first farrowing stayed the least time in the farm (675.1 days)
and had the fewest parities (4.49). Gilts farrowing the first time before 331 days of age stayed longer time in the farm (726.4 days)
and had more parities (4.81) in comparison with 331–348 and more than 348 days age groups. With respect to CI, the sows in
farm 3 stayed the longest time in the farm. Sows with more than five parities were culled sooner after their last farrowing.
In conclusion, differences between farms for LPL, PN, and CI were found. Females that farrowed at a short age and those with
large litters stayed longer in the herd. Old sows and those culled for reproductive reasons stayed the least time in the herd
after their last farrowing. 相似文献
136.
Yongju Zhao Jiahua Zhang Hong Wei Xinming Sun Biao Mu Mingju Yu Lingbing Wang 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1257-1262
Two experiments were undertaken to select the efficient method applied for goat estrous synchronization. In experiment 1, a total of 120 does (Capra hircus) were divided into five groups with a randomized block design, and the does of treatment 1 were synchronized by intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel inserted for 10 days. Does of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were treated with further injection of 25 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 0.05 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), and 25 IU FSH + 0.05 mg PGF2α at sponge withdrawal, respectively. The does in the control group (n = 40) without estrous synchronization treatment and natural estrous does were observed. In experiment 2, a total of 140 does in five goat farms in breeding and non-breeding seasons were treated with the selective efficient procedure. The results presented that all the employed treatments were capable of inducing and synchronizing estrous goats. According to estrous response and economy, the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg PGF2α (treatment 3) is the first choice for estrous synchronization, and 95.0% of synchronized does demonstrated estrus, which was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.05) and control group (P < 0.01). The percentages of ovulating of treatments 3 and 4 were the same (95.0%), which were significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.01). The ovulation rates among different groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When the selective procedure was applied to five goat farms, 85.7% (120/140) of does demonstrated estrus, and the kidding percentage, litter size, and prolificacy rate were 53.6%, 0.95, and 177%, respectively. 相似文献
137.
Ross G. Cooper Jaroslaw O. Horbańczuk Raul Villegas-Vizcaíno Salwa Kennou Sebei Aisha E. Faki Mohammed Khalid M. A. Mahrose 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):363-373
This work discusses some of the important considerations of wild ostrich evolution, behaviour and ecology, as items included
in ostrich production. In the process considerable research was conducted by collating information from peer-reviewed papers;
textbooks; manuals; and PubMed and Agricola searches. Selected areas reviewed included activity of ostriches; feeding and
water needs; sexual maturity; egg laying and natural incubation; selected physiological parameters; and predation. There is
an immediate and urgent need to conserve and protect the rapidly declining populations of wild ostriches with the committed
involvement of governments and funding bodies. 相似文献
138.
Purushottam Kaushik Dhirendra K. Singh S. Vinoth Kumar Ashok K. Tiwari Gunjan Shukla Shanker Dayal Pallav Chaudhuri 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(2):119-132
Brucella abortus, a gram negative, facultative intracellular pathogen causes brucellosis in many animal species and humans. Although live,
attenuated vaccines are available against this infection, they suffer from certain limitations. Therefore, the development
of an effective subunit vaccine against brucellosis is an area of intense research. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of
Brucella species have been extensively studied for its immunogenicity and protective ability. We have investigated the potential of
CpG ODN to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant 28 kDa outer membrane protein (rOMP28) of Brucella melitensis. The study demonstrated vigorous immunoglobulin G (IgG) response of OMP28. The administration of rOMP28 with CpG caused increased
cell mediated immune response in terms of induced IgG2a, T-cell proliferation and up-regulation of type I cytokine expression.
In contrast, the free antigen suppressed the interferon gamma (type I cytokine) production on in-vitro stimulation of spleenocytes.
The result indicates the role of OMP28 in the down regulation of IFN-γ production. Moreover, the B. abortus S-19 vaccinated mice showed highest production of IL-4 and IFN-γ. The protective ability of the antigen was evaluated by
systemic bacterial clearance after challenging the mouse with B. abortus 544 pathogen. The level of protection was significant in rOMP28+CpG treated mice but was lower than the required level. The
results of the present study indicate that rOMP28 could be an immunogen capable of inducing both humoral and cellular immune
response. The humoral response was biased towards Th1 type when it was co-administered with CpG. 相似文献
139.
Martin G. Maquivar Carlos S. Galina Jaime R. Galindo Sandra Estrada Rafael Molina German David Mendoza 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):555-560
In order to evaluate the effect of protein supplementation on the productive and reproductive performance of heifers, 45 Bos indicus × Bos taurus heifers, 673 ± 146 days of age and weighing about 340 kg, were divided into two groups. The control group (n = 23) continued without supplementation, but the supplemented group (SG; n = 22) received concentrate at a rate of 1% BW kg per day. Animals were adapted to the concentrate over a 15-day period and
then supplemented for 30 days, after which estrus was synchronized using a progesterone implant. Back fat thickness (BFT)
was assessed by ultrasound. The SG had better average daily weight gain than the nonsupplemented group (0.63 ± 0.16 vs. 0.51 ± 0.13 kg/day,
P < 0.05) and tended to show a better percentage ovulation (P < 0.10, 77% vs. 57%, respectively). However, this tendency was not reflected in the final pregnancy rates. No differences
were observed between groups in dry matter intake and body condition scores. SG with a high BFT (>0.70 cm) showed a better
ovulation percentage than those with low BFT (<0.69 cm; P < 0.01). Additionally, the pregnancy rate of supplemented heifers with high BFT tended to be better than heifers with low
BFT in this same group (67% vs. 30%, respectively, P < 0.10). It is concluded that protein supplementation improved reproductive performance and that ultrasonography to measure
BFT may be used to estimate reproductive performance. 相似文献
140.
Afshin Raoofi Farhid Hemmatzadeh Amir Mansoor Ghanaei 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):411-414
This serological survey was carried out to detect antibodies in dromedary camels against BVD virus in Iran. A total of 137
serum samples, were collected from camels at Khorein abattoir in suburbs of Tehran and examined for BVDV, using the serum
neutralization test (SNT). Twenty seven of the 137 camels (19.7%) were positive for BVDV antibodies. It was found that the
rate of seropositive camels in Iran is substantially higher compared to figures published in most other countries. This study
indicated an increased frequency of infection rate with increasing age of camels. The frequency of positive cases was not
significantly different between male and female camels. 相似文献