Protein security and food security in China

Food security, the need to meet nutritional requirements, and four main problems for food protein security in China are analyzed. From the perspective of residents’ nutritional requirements and balanced dietary patterns, the conclusion is that food security in China is in essence dependent on protein production and security of supply and that fat and carbohydrates supply in China can reach self-sufficiency. Considering the situation of food protein production and consumption in China, policy suggestions are made, which could ensure a balanced supply and demand for food protein and food security in China.     

利用方式对大针茅种群和群落数量特征的影响

研究大针茅草原在中牧区和割草区种群和群落数量特征.结果表明:与割草区相比,中牧区大针茅生殖枝和营养枝株高和叶长显著减小,生殖枝生物量的分形维数显著增大,营养枝叶片内C/N比显著增加,这是放牧干扰后生长变化的度量指标;割草区株高呈正态分布而中牧区则为峰值左偏的对数正态分布;中牧区大针茅在群落中的重要性显著增大,而割草区物种多样性则显著高于中牧区.     

家禽脂肪酸代谢及其在禽蛋中的沉积和营养调控

在肝脏中载脂蛋白作用下,内源合成或外源获取的脂肪酸以甘油三酯的形式同胆固醇及其他脂类组装形成极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)。VLDL经血液循环到达卵巢,穿过卵母细胞外层屏障后,经卵母细胞受体介导的内吞作用进入卵母细胞发生沉积。而机体的营养状况或饲粮中营养成分的改变可通过影响脂肪酸的从头合成或VLDL结构直接或间接影响禽蛋中脂肪酸的最终沉积。本文阐述了家禽体内脂肪酸的来源、转运与沉积过程,并探讨了脂肪酸代谢及其在禽蛋中沉积的营养调控。     

英语学习中母语语音负迁移现象的分析

“母语语音负迁移”是中国学生在英语学习中普遍遇到的问题，其消极影响是显而易见的。本文从探讨汉语拼音的发音方法对英语语音的负迁移现象入手，揭示英汉语音的相似性与差异性。对英汉语音相似性与差异性的认知能促使中国学生在说英语时有意识地进行自我纠音，因此笔者认为在语音教学实践中引入英汉语音对比的相关知识及其研究成果将能有效地降低中国学生母语语音对目的语的干扰作用，从而提高语音教学质量。     

放牧环境条件下育成公羊营养物质消化代谢的研究

本研究是在内蒙古白音锡勒种畜场自然放牧条件下进行的，按季节及自然气温分为四期，进行物质消化代谢及气体能量代谢试验，同时监测环境温度、湿度、风速及日照时数等气象指标。采用灰色关联度法分析探讨在放牧条件下，牧草营养因素和外界环境因素对育成公羊能量及营养物质代谢的影响。     

桃树梨小食心虫绿色防控试验

引进梨小食心虫迷向丝、信息素诱芯,在桃园进行梨小食心虫迷向试验,结果表明:"Ⅱ梨小食心虫迷向丝"、"PVC梨小食心虫迷向丝"、"PE梨小食心虫迷向丝"处理的迷向率分别为100%、98.84%和98.27%,防效分别达89.61%、88.90%、86.77%,3种迷向丝对桃园梨小食心虫的迷向效果显著,有效降低了桃园虫果率,是一种高效、绿色、环保的防治方法,可在生产上大力推广应用。     

溴氰菊酯降解菌的分离筛选与应用潜力评价

为解决杀虫剂溴氰菊酯的残留污染问题及丰富其降解菌资源库,采用富集培养法,从长期被溴氰菊酯污染的土壤中分离筛选到1株高效降解菌株XQ08,经形态学特征、生理生化及16S rDNA鉴定其为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,并对菌株发酵条件、菌剂制备方法及应用潜力进行了初步研究。结果表明:在纯培养条件下,XQ08菌株5 d内对50 mg/L溴氰菊酯的降解率可达66.76%;在35 ℃、pH=8及以麦芽糖为碳源、氯化铵为氮源的条件下可获得理想的发酵效果,同时明确了XQ08液体菌剂的制备方法。分别在室内盆栽与田间种植的香菜上喷施高剂量 (推荐剂量10倍,有效成分6.25 g/hm2) 的25 g/L溴氰菊酯乳油,于施药后2、24和48 h施用XQ08菌剂,3、5、7和9 d后,香菜上溴氰菊酯的降解率分别超过20%、50%、60%及70%;7 d后施用菌剂处理组溴氰菊酯残留量均低于0.5 mg/kg,9 d后残留量均低于0.2 mg/kg。本研究首次报道了嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌对溴氰菊酯的降解,发现其XQ08菌剂可有效促进溴氰菊酯的降解,且其降解符合一级动力学特征。嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌XQ08菌株能有效降低或清除蔬菜上的溴氰菊酯残留,具有较好的应用潜力和开发价值。     

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by golden snub-nosed monkeys in a temperate forest

Seed dispersal is essential for plant recruitment and the maintenance of biodiversity. Colobine monkeys are primarily folivorous, but they also consume fruits and are often assumed to be seed predators. Although they are known to be epizoochorous seed dispersers, their role as endozoochorous seed dispersers needs reassessment. We examined potential endozoochory in golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) at Dalongtan in Shennongjia National Park, central China, by assessing potential germination of ingested seeds (n = 1806, 9 species) from fecal samples. Intact seeds were in almost all fecal samples (ranging from 5–130 seeds), and ingested seeds were from small seeded species (seed width <4.5 mm). The 2 most abundant species were Actinidia arguta (73%) and Rosa caudata (15%). The fruits of A. arguta were unripe when ingested (i.e. effective seed predation) and the ingested seeds did not germinate in the trials. Therefore, ingestion of unripe seeds does not lead to effective seed dispersal. However, germination rates of defecated R. caudata (9%) were greater than control seeds (6% and 0%), demonstrating potential endozoochorous seed dispersal. Thus, colobine monkeys do indeed disperse mainly small-seeded from multi-seeded fruits through potential endozoochory and this process enhances the recruitment of seedlings.     

猪臭鼻克雷伯氏菌的分离与鉴定

从呼吸系统症状明显、高热、耳朵等薄皮处发绀的病猪血与病死猪的心血、肝、脾中分离到1株细菌，经形态学观察、生化试验鉴定为臭鼻克雷伯氏菌；经人工感染小白鼠试验，表明具有较强的毒性。选用药敏试验筛选的敏感药物——头孢曲松钠治愈了病猪，控制了疫情。     

浙江省部分茶区茶园土壤中硼含量及影响因素研究

 20 0 2年对浙江省部分茶园硼进行了调查。结果表明 ,浙江省茶园土壤全硼含量高 ,在 0～ 2 0cm土层为90 .19± 2 8.0 0mg·kg- 1,在 2 0～ 40cm土层达 97.3 6± 3 4 .19mg·kg- 1,但有效硼含量低 ,分别为 0 .2 3 8± 0 .14 8mg·kg- 1和 0 .199± 0 .12 5mg·kg- 1,只占全硼含量的 0 .2 %～ 0 .4% ,有效硼缺乏率达 90 %以上。茶树吸收硼与土壤有效硼含量呈极显著正相关。随着叶片的成熟度增加 ,硼积累增加 ,同时茎杆部也是硼累积的部位。浙江省茶园土壤有效硼含量与土壤pH值、有机质含量、土壤粘粒等有关。