内生放线菌Fq24的拮抗筛选及其代谢产物生物活性研究

通过对番茄内生放线菌的拮抗筛选和其代谢产物生物活性的研究,为防治番茄灰霉病寻找新的生防菌源,并探索植物内生放线菌的生防机理。从健康番茄植株上分离到9株放线菌。通过平板对峙培养和发酵液抑菌活性测定、筛选对番茄灰霉菌有拮抗作用的菌株。以番茄种子及幼苗生长情况,防御酶活性变化,盆栽试验对其代谢产物的促生作用、抗病诱导作用、防病作用等生物活性进行了研究。结果表明：（1）菌株Fq24对番茄灰霉菌的抑菌圈半径大于10 mm,其发酵液的抑制作用可达到68.4%。（2）中浓度的Fq24发酵液促进根茎的生长,幼苗的干、鲜重及株高最大为对照的168.35%、286.30%和70.79%,均为显著增加。（3）番茄幼苗体内防御酶活性明显提高,POD、SOD活性最大增加为71.3%和62.3%。（4）喷施Fq24发酵液可明显降低灰霉病的发病率,取得82.14%的防效。Fq24是株有拮抗作用的菌株,其代谢产物能显著促进番茄种子和幼苗生长;诱导番茄体内抗性酶活性提高,增加植物抗性;明显降低发病率,防病效果好。     

国产决明属生理生化特性与系统分类的关系

以国产决明属（Cassia）4种植物为实验材料,采用愈创木酚法和聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳对其抗逆指标和过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶进行测定,分析其系统树与传统决明属系统分类之间的差异。结果表明：发芽1天的过氧化物酶活性和3天的MDA含量差异显著,可作为探讨其亲缘关系的指标之一。发现POD同工酶带12条,4种决明没有共同拥有的条带,决明属植物的特征性酶带主要分布在b区和a区。与传统分类不同,抗逆指标和同工酶分析结果都表明,槐叶决明（Cassia sophera）与豆茶决明（C. nomame）亲缘关系最近,翅荚决明（C. alata）次之,决明（C. tora）与其他种亲缘关系最远,属于另一支。     

Surface characterization of a series of cured polyurethane adhesives by inverse gas chromatography and adhesion strength testing of plywood

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to determine the surface properties of a series of polyurethane adhesives, A ₁, A ₂, A ₃ and A ₄ cured with water. The weight percentages of isocyanate group (NCO) in polyurethane adhesives were 5.3, 7.0, 13.0 and 19.6%, respectively. Four n-alkanes, C₆, C₇, C₈ and C₉ were chosen as non-polar probes to characterize the dispersive component of surface free energy, $ \gamma_{s}^{d} . $ Acetone, tetrahydrofuran and ethyl acetate were chosen as polar probes to detect the Lewis acid–base parameters, K _a and K _b. The trend of $ \gamma_{s}^{d} $ and K _a and K _b of the series of cured adhesives was also shown in this paper. The cured adhesives were all amphoteric, but predominantly Lewis basic. The adhesion strength of the poplar plywood bonded with polyurethane adhesives was tested. The results showed that the adhesion strength of plywood increased with increasing the NCO content of the adhesives and K _b/K _a of the cured adhesives.     

苹果属种、杂交种及品种之间关系的AFLP分析

用AFLP技术,对72个苹果属植物样本(34个种、变种、杂交种及38个品种)进行遗传多样性分析.在64对AFLP引物中选出6对引物进行扩增,得到有效谱带1692条,其中多态谱带1547条,多态谱带比率为91.4%.对72个样品的试验数据进行聚类分析,它们的相似系数为0.54～0.82.在相似系数0.60处参试材料被分为4大类,即佛罗伦萨苹果(Malus florentina)为一类;绿苹果组(Sect.Choromeles)和多胜苹果组(Sect.Docyniopsis)分别各聚一类;花楸组(Sect.Sorbomalus)、脱萼组(Sect.Gymnomeles)和苹果组(Sect.Malus)聚为一类,所有苹果品种和观赏海棠品种全聚在原产亚洲的花楸组、脱萼组及苹果组中.亚洲原产的苹果属植物对于苹果及观赏海棠品种的发展起重要作用.根据试验结果及文献资料,支持将佛罗伦萨苹果组(Sect.Florentinae Cheng M.H.)成立单种组;建议将原属花楸组植物除佛罗伦萨苹果外,全部并入苹果组;取消脱萼组,将其组内的植物全部并入苹果组.     

化学除草剂在幼林抚育上的应用

应用化学除草剂进行幼林抚育,与传统的人工除草对比,具有工效高、成本低、除草彻底等优点,值得应用推广。     

氮肥和密度对精量穴直播的影响试验（一）——水稻产量形成特性

采用大田随机区组设计,研究了不同的施氮水平和不同的栽培密度水平对精量穴直播晚稻培杂泰丰产量形成特性的影响。结果表明：氮肥和密度对产量,生物产量,叶面积指数,结实率和每穗粒数影响显著。增加施氮量能够显著提高个体和群体生物产量,提高叶面积指数。N2D2处理实际产量和理论产量都最高,分别达到6.945 t?hm-2和8.166 t?hm-2,适合在生产上大面积推广。     

Performance of Drainage Reuse as Waterscape Treated by Combinational Technique of Biologic Contact Oxidation and Constructed Wetland

The high grade gray water was pre treated by biologic contact oxidation on load of 0.72 KgBOD5·m-3·d-1, and then post treated by constructed wetland. On the basis of experiment, it was found that: Totle nitrogen (TN) was the restrictive index of the combinational technique. To meet the reclaimed water quality standard and reuse for waterscape, the peak hydraulic load of constructed wetland was 0.50 m·d-1 in summer (30~36 ℃), and 0.33 m·d-1 in winter (8~12 ℃). And the load ratio of the peak hydraulic under the summer and winter conditions was 3:2. With the experimental results and reclaimed water quantity requirements in different seasons of buildings, treatment scale can be determined.     

Natural convection heat transfer in the air layer of insulating glass

The numerical simulation with FLUENT software is addressed for the natural convection heat transfer under the conditions of different air layer thickness with 6 mm,9 mm,12 mm,14 mm and 16 mm. The heat transfer rate is compared with that by heat conduction. Gas types, Rayleigh number (Ra),the relative thickness of air layer,δ/H,and the surface (ΔT) are main factors for natural convection heat transfer. The natural convection heat transfer could be approximately regarded as the pure heat conduction in the conditions of above air layer thickness. The heat transfer coefficient of the insulating glass with simulation is approximate to that with empirical calculation.     

Design and optimization of drawing surface and FE analysis forthe front side panel of autobody

The drawing process of the front side panel of autobody is simulated by using the finite element software, Dynaform. The drawing surface is designed, focusing on the optimization of the addendum and the drawbead layout. By comparing the stress/strain conditions and the FLD in two types of addendum (stepped and slope) and three types of drawbead layout (closed, discontinuous and oblique drawbead), the slope addendum is chosen as the optimized addendum and the oblique drawbead is chosen as the optimized drawbead layout. The simulation results show the material flow in the corner and the quality of the part can be improved effectively with the optimized drawing surface. The optimized parameters are employed in production and acceptable quality parts are produced. Therefore, the optimized drawing surface is verified to be effective.     

Sucrose metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre under low temperature during fibre development

The effects of low temperature on sucrose content and activities of key enzymes related to sucrose metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibre were investigated. Two cotton cultivars, Kemian 1 and Sumian 15, were grown in the field at two sowing dates in 2006 and three sowing dates in 2007, the differences of environmental conditions during fibre development period (from flowering date to boll opening date) for different sowing dates were primarily on temperature. Low temperatures (MDTmin of 21.1, 20.5 and 18.1 °C) in late sowing dates (25 May/10 June) prolonged the fibre development period, and had significant effect on cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism. Results showed that, under low temperature, sucrose content was increased, cellulose content and sucrose transformation rate were decreased, and the variability of cellulose content and sucrose transformation rate through sowing dates in Sumian 15 was more than that in Kemian 1. The measurable activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and acid/alkaline invertases in sucrose metabolism were affected by low temperatures. Under low temperatures, activities of SuSy and invertase in sucrose degradation were increased, and two cultivars had the similar change. In contrast, the activity of SPS in sucrose synthesis was lower than the activity in developing fibre at normal environmental condition, and the time to peak activity was delayed, SPS activity in response to temperatures differed between two cultivars. The results indicated that restrained cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism under low temperature were mainly attributed to the changed activities of enzymes (SPS, SuSy and invertase), and the difference of cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism in response to temperature in fibre cells for two cotton cultivars was mainly determined by the level of SPS activity.