安徽省水稻病虫害信息管理系统

用ASP技术应用于B/S体系结构的水稻病虫害信息管理系统,其由系统说明、新闻列表、病虫害信息查询、更改密码及退出系统、留言簿等5个模块组成.提供了新闻发布、分站及分区查询病虫害信息、更改用户密码及退出系统、留言等功能.管理员分为总站管理员和分站管理员,不同管理员给予不同权限.此系统的建立对安徽省水稻病虫害的预测与防治具有现实意义.     

农村妇女参与新农村建设的限制性因素分析——基于河北省新农村建设的问卷调查

在新农村建设中,受社会地位低、文化程度低、缺乏资金技术和农业信息等因素的限制,农村妇女没有充分发挥其作用。深入分析其原因后提出了相关建议。     

调质对改善稻谷加工品质的效果试验

采用成套大米加工设备在相同的加工条件下对安全水分的稻谷调质前后及调质过程中加工品质试验表明:增加稻谷水分0.5个百分点,改善了稻谷加工的工艺品质,在加工的各个阶段,整精米率都得到了提高,成品米提高了4.9个百分点,同时大米的色泽、光洁度也有一定的改善.     

月季品种对主要病虫害的田间抗性研究

长期田间调查显示,月季品种间对主要病虫害白粉病、霜霉病、灰霉病、螨类存在着明显抗性差异,卡罗拉、俏佳人、雪山、瑞普索迪、黑魔术等品种综合抗性较好。在生产上,重视对抗性品种的选择,并加强病虫害综合治理,实现增产增收。     

西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林地的物种多样性与土壤养分特征

利用西藏色季拉山东西坡急尖长苞冷杉林15个样方的数据,对该林分物种多样性及土壤营养元素含量进行了分析,结果表明,两坡土壤pH值呈酸性,西坡不同海拔的土壤pH值变化大于东坡,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮等含量也大于东坡,东西坡有效钙含量均远远大于其它有效元素含量,但两坡有效钙平均值有较大的差异.对西坡多样性指数H′具有较大影响的因子是土壤有效铁的含量,而对东坡均匀度指数E具有较大影响的因子是土壤有机质的含量.     

光质对生姜叶片光合特性的影响

【目的】探讨光质对苗期生姜叶片光能利用及光合特性的影响,为生姜苗期遮光处理提供理论依据。【方法】以莱芜大姜为试材,采用不同颜色塑料薄膜及尼龙纱网进行苗期遮光处理,创造光强相同而光质不同的环境条件,测定叶片叶绿素荧光参数、光合速率和光呼吸速率日变化及光合特征参数。【结果】不同处理叶片叶绿素荧光参数日变化动态相似,但叶片Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’、ΦPSⅡ、qP和光化学反射指数（PRI）均以绿膜处理最高,其次为蓝膜和白膜处理,红膜处理最低;而PSⅠ和PSⅡ间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数（β/α-1）和NPQ则以绿膜处理最低,蓝膜、白膜和红膜处理依次升高。叶片Pn日变化均为有明显午休的双峰曲线,但由高到低依次为绿膜、白膜、红膜、蓝膜;而Pr及Pr/Pn则相反。红膜处理叶片AQY较高而光补偿点较低;绿膜处理叶片CE、RuBP最大再生速率及光饱和光合速率较高。【结论】适当增加遮光光质中绿光比例,生姜叶片午间光抑制程度较轻,PSⅠ和PSⅡ间线性电子传递协调性较好,激发能热耗散较低,光能利用效率较高。因此,绿膜处理叶片适应强光能力较强,Pn较高。     

DNA分子标记技术及其在椰子种质资源研究中的应用

快速发展的分子标记技术已经在国外椰子种质资源和育种研究中得到了广泛的应用。简要介绍了几种常用的DNA分子标记技术的产生及原理,主要综述了这项技术在国外椰子种质资源研究领域的进展,重点阐述了该技术在椰子遗传多样性和遗传关系分析方面的研究状况,最后指出这项技术在中国的发展状况,并展望了其重大的影响和广阔的应用前景。     

牡丹重瓣性花型形成初探

通过对牡丹重瓣品种“胡红”和“洛阳红”进行追踪观察,对产生牡丹重瓣性的雄蕊瓣化和花瓣自然增生这两个条件进行研究,探索其形态规律,指出这两类花型的形成特点。     

Effect of cell mediated immunity regulation of duck enhanced by duck IFN-α eukaryon expression plasmid and inoculated with DPV attenuated vaccine by gene-gun

In order to study the effect of cell mediated immunity regulation of duck IFN-α eukaryon expression plasmid (pcDNA-SDIFN-α) on duck plague virus (DPV) attenuated vaccine in ducks, pcDNA-SDIFN-α was administered to 28-day-old ducks at doses of 1, 3 and 6 μg per duck, respectively, by gene-gun. PBS and empty vector pcDNA were used as control. Fifteen days later, all ducks were injected with DPV attenuated vaccine and blood samples were collected at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 63 and 84 days after injection. T-lymphocyte proliferation tests (MTT) were used to detect the T-lymphocyte proliferation in the peripheral blood (PBL) of ducks. Blood samples collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 49 days after injection were detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) for recording the number of CD₃ ⁺ T-lymphocytes of ducks. Results were as follows: (1) Reaction of T-lymphocytes in PBL to ConA (OD value) of ducks treated with pcDNA-SDIFN-α was higher than that of PBS and pcDNA control groups in 3–84 days. There were highly significant differences between the 1 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 3–84 days (P ⩽ (0.01), between the 3 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 3–84 days (P ⩽ 0.01, P ⩽ 0.05), and between the 6 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 7–49 days (P ⩽ 0.01, P ⩽ 0.05). The significant difference was also present between the groups of 1, 3 and 6 μg per duck in 3–35 days (P ⩽ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the 3 and 6 μg per duck groups (P ⩾ 0.05). The pcDNA control group was higher than PBS control group, but no difference was detected (P ⩾ 0.05). (2) Change of the number of CD₃ ⁺ T-lymphocytes in ducks administered with different doses of pcDNA-SDIFN-α was higher than that of PBS and pcDNA control groups in 7–49 days. The change in the 1 μg per duck group was significantly higher than that in PBS and pcDNA control groups in 14–49 days (P ⩽ 0.01). There were significant differences between the 3 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 21–49 days (P ⩽ 0.01, P ⩽ 0.05) and between the 6 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 7–49 days (P ⩽ 0.01, P ⩽ 0.05). However, no significant differences among the groups of 1, 3, and 6 μg per duck groups (P ⩾ 0.05) and between the two control groups (P ⩾ 0.05) were found. The results indicated that pcDNA-SDIFN-α administered 15 days before injection of DPV-attenuated vaccine could significantly enhance cellular immunity induced by DPV-attenuated vaccine. pcDNA-SDIFN-α is an excellent DPV-attenuated vaccine molecular adjuvant and the best result can be obtained with the dose of 1 μg per duck of pcDNA-SDIFN-α inoculated by gene-gun. __________ Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2007, 38 (10): 1066–1071 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]     

Study on the in vitro culture of cut plants in wheat haploid embryo induction by a wheat × maize cross

The wheat × maize system is one of the most effective ways to produce haploids in wheat. Whether and how it could be successfully applied in practical breeding mostly depends upon the efficiency of haploid embryo production. To perfect the protocols of haploid embryo induction, the efficiency of haploid embryo production between in vitro culture of cut plant and intact plant growth for hybrid spikes with two F₁ wheat hybrids and two maize varieties was compared. Effects of different cutting plant times and formulas of nutrient solutions for cut plant culture on haploid embryo formation were also studied. Results indicated that the embryo rate of in vitro culture was 3.29 times that of intact plant growth, with the figures of 31.6% vs 9.6%, respectively. The optimal time for cut plant culture was 24 h after pollination. Formulas of nutrient solutions significantly affected the efficiency of haploid embryo induction. With an embryo rate of 0–35.5%, adding calcium phosphate in the culture solution at 3 g·L⁻¹ could raise the caryopsis and embryo rates. According to this study, the best medium for cut plant culture was: 100 mg·L⁻¹ 2,4-D+ 40 g·L⁻¹ sucrose + 10 mg·L⁻¹ silver nitrate + 8 mL·L⁻¹ sulfurous acid + 3 g·L⁻¹ calcium phosphate, with which a caryopsis rate of 95% and an embryo rate of about 30% could be obtained. __________ Translated from Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2008, 28(1): 1–5 [译自: 麦类作物学报]