复合乳酸杆菌制剂对蛋种鸡产蛋性能、免疫机能和盲肠微生物的影响

为研究复合乳酸杆菌制剂对蛋种鸡产蛋性能、免疫机能和盲肠微生物区系的影响,试验选用170日龄蛋种鸡288只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%复合乳酸杆菌制剂的试验饲粮。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)各组蛋种鸡平均日采食量、平均蛋重和料蛋比均差异不显著(P>0.05);饲粮添加复合乳酸杆菌制剂可显著影响蛋种鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05),其中0.05%乳酸杆菌添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮添加复合乳酸杆菌制剂显著提高了蛋种鸡对粗蛋白质的表观消化率(P<0.05),但对钙和磷的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)饲粮添加0.05%复合乳酸杆菌制剂显著提高了蛋种鸡的禽流感抗体效价(P<0.05),添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%复合乳酸杆菌制剂均显著降低了盲肠大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌的数量(P<0.05),显著提高了盲肠双歧杆菌和乳酸菌数量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加复合乳酸杆菌制剂对蛋种鸡的产蛋性能、营养物质消化率、免疫机能都有一定提高作用,并改善了肠道微生物区系,其适宜添加水平为0.05%。     

苜蓿产量性状的分析与表型选择研究

通过对单株种植条件下苜蓿产量与株高、枝条数和枝条直径等性状问的遗传相关分析与通径分析,结果表明,在穴播条件下,株高是构成苜蓿单株产量的重要因素,与单株产量密切相关.枝条数与枝条直径对产量的直接作用相对不大.     

Substrate use and postural behavior in free‐ranging snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Yunnan

Extant colobines represent a predominantly arboreal primate radiation, but there are outliers such as some species of snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.) that utilize both arboreal and terrestrial substrates. We quantified the degree of terrestriality and the distribution of individuals across canopy levels, the extrinsic and intrinsic determinants and constraints of strata association as well as use of postures in relation to behavior and food sources in a wild population of Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Samage Forest, China. The subjects spent 80.5% of the observation time in the trees and 19.5% on the ground. Ground use occurred most frequently in the context of travelling (61%) and less often in the context of feeding and resting (30% combined). Adult males frequented the ground significantly more often than other age‐sex classes. Age‐sex differences were also apparent in substrate preferences, which likely reflect body weight constraints. Adult males were significantly more associated with solid substrates and less with terminal branches than adult females and juveniles. Juveniles were seen more often on unstable ground (i.e. on thin and oblique branches) and in the upper canopy. Substrate use also varied with behavior: feeding was much more common in the upper stratum, outer canopy, on highly inclined and thin branches, as compared to resting. Severe weather also influenced canopy use in that tree crowns were used less often during periods of snowfall. The most frequently exhibited resting and feeding postures was sitting. Standing and suspensory postures were most often used in the context of feeding on lichens.     

Assessment of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity of cultivated land in China

The contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity (CPISP) refers to the ratio of crop yields under no-fertilization versus under conventional fertilization with the same field management. CPISP is a comprehensive measure of soil fertility. This study used 1 086 on-farm trials (from 1984–2013) and 27 long-term field experiments (from 1979–2013) to quantify changes in CPISP. Here, we present CPISP3 values, which reflect the CPISP states during the first three years after site establishment, for a series of sites at different locations in China collected in 1984–1990 (the 1980s), 1996–2000 (the 1990s), and 2004–2013 (the 2000s). The results showed that the average CPISP3 value for three crops (wheat, rice, and maize) was 53.8%. Historically, the CPISP3 in the 1990s (57.5%) was much higher than those in the 1980s (50.3%), and the 2000s (52.0%) (P≤0.05). Long-term no-fertilization caused CPISP levels to gradually decline and then stabilize; for example, in a mono-cropping system with irrigation, the CPISP values in Northwest and Northeast China declined by 4.5 and 4.0%, respectively, each year for the first ten years, but subsequently, the CPISP values stabilized. In contrast, the CPISP for upland crops in double-cropping systems continued to decrease at a rate of 1.1% per year. The CPISP for upland-paddy cropping decreased very slowly (0.07% per year), whereas the CPISP for paddy cropping decreased sharply (3.1% per year, on average) for the first two years and then remained steady during the following years. Therefore, upland crops in double-cropping systems consume the most inherent soil productivity, whereas paddy fields are favourable for maintaining a high level of CPISP. Overall, our results demonstrate a need to further improve China's CPISP3 values to meet growing productivity demands.     

浅析科研院所实验室现状及改善对策

科研院所实验室是科研院所科技创新和科技进步的主体之一,实验室的高效运行可促进科研院所的快速发展。本文分析科研院所实验室的现状,并针对存在的主要问题提出改善对策,为科研院所实验室的高效、合理、科学运行提供参考。     

不同地点的黄秋葵部分数量性状表达差异

以16个黄秋葵品种为材料,通过种植试验探究不同生态区的环境条件差异对黄秋葵品种数量性状的影响。结果表明：叶片长度、宽度在品种及地区间数据波动较大,因此这2个性状受品种及环境的互作效应较大;叶柄长在品种间差异较小,但受环境影响较大;果实厚度和果实长度在品种内容易出现不稳定的情况,而果实长度和果实直径在品种间的平均变异系数相对较小,分别为9.68%和8.68%,因此环境作用对其影响相对较小;单荚种子数在不同生态区表现出显著差异,易受环境影响;在品种类型中,矮杆类型、长果类型、红果类型的黄秋葵相较于其他类型更易受到环境的影响。     

反义TrxS基因在小麦中的表达及对小麦种子蛋白酶活性和蛋白组分的影响

为了揭示反义硫氧还蛋白基因(anti-TrxS)在抗穗发芽小麦中的作用机制,探讨转基因小麦中蛋白酶活性和蛋白组分的变化规律,以转反义TrxS基因小麦株系为材料,用荧光定量RT-PCR、SDS-PAGE和生理指标测定的方法,对转基因株系和对照种子萌发过程中反义TrxS基因表达、蛋白酶活性和蛋白组分进行了检测。结果表明,反义TrxS基因在RNA水平上能够表达;转基因小麦籽粒蛋白酶活性明显下降,种子吸涨12、24、48、729、6和120 h后,转基因小麦种子蛋白酶活性比对照分别降低27.3%、30.7%、19.1%、19.4%、23.7%和13.5%;转基因小麦籽粒谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析表明,反义TrxS基因的导入抑制了转基因小麦籽粒谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白大分子亚基二硫键(S-S)向巯基(-SH)的转化,从而使蛋白质的降解延缓。     

珍珠鸡人工授精的研究

用电刺激采精方法 ,对 5只雄性成年珍珠鸡进行 2 5只次试验 ,皆获得精液。与按摩采精法相比 ,电刺激采精法采集的精液量 (0 .5 5 m L )显著高于按摩法 (0 .12 m L ) ,平均每次射出的精子总数 (4.2 2亿个 )比按摩采精法 (2 .4 4亿个 )显著增加 ,但精子活率和受精率无显著差异。冷冻试验结果表明 ,精子的活率为 2 0 %～ 5 0 % ,输精结果表明 ,受精率可达 6 0 %。     

基层公共图书馆公共文化服务均等化建设分析与思考——以江西省基层公共图书馆为例

公共图书馆作为重要的公共文化基础设施和公益性文化服务机构,对于促进公共文化服务发展有着至关重要的作用,而基层又是现阶段公共文化服务建设中的重点所在。对江西省基层公共图书馆公共文化服务均等化建设的现状进行了分析,提出相应的完善基层公共图书馆公共文化服务均等化建设的对策和建议。