响应面分析法优化罗汉果黄酮提取工艺条件的研究

在单因素试验的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间3个因素,采用响应面分析法,以罗汉果黄酮溶液得率为响应面,进行提取工艺的优化。结果表明:乙醇浓度76.59%,提取温度为84.29℃,提取时间0.76 h时,预测罗汉果黄酮得率最优值为1.573%,经试验验证罗汉果黄酮实际得率为1.538%,与模型预测值接近,可见采用响应面法对罗汉果黄酮的提取条件优化合理可行。     

杨凌城市生活垃圾中重金属元素的污染特性分析

采用异地取样和理化分析的方法对杨凌城区生活垃圾中重金属元素的含量、浸出毒性进行了测定。通过污染负荷评价得到主要污染元素,并在调查的基础上对重金属来源进行了分析,提出了重金属污染的防治对策。结果表明,垃圾中塑料含量以学生生活区最高,高达41.47%;可腐有机物含量西农学生生活区最高,达到32%～46%,化安生活区最低,只有5.076%;筛下混合物西农学生生活区较低,在20%左右,其他各采样点在37.91%～69.30%。同一采样点的不同重金属元素的含量,表现为Zn的含量最高,变化范围为76.63～704mg·kg-1,其次是Cu和Cr,变化范围分别是7.26～226.7mg·kg-1和13.24～90.21mg·kg-1,As的含量最低,变化范围在0.49～18.52mg·kg-1。生活垃圾因产生主体不同而使污染元素的可浸出态含量差别较大,但不具有浸出毒性危险。杨凌城市生活垃圾中As的污染负荷远远高于Zn和Cu。     

中草药验方对乏情母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验选择由卵巢机能失调、子宫炎、阴道炎为主要原因引起的乏情母猪,通过中草药制剂和西药促性腺激素进行催情治疗的效果比较。证实了中草药验方对乏情母猪具有较好的提高繁殖性能的作用。     

紫外分光光度法快速测定龙泉破壁灵芝孢子粉三萜含量

选取5种龙泉破壁灵芝孢子粉为研究对象,使用紫外分光光度法,建立了一种快速、简单、高灵敏度,专门针对灵芝孢子粉中三萜测定的方法。结果表明,该方法测得龙泉破壁灵芝孢子粉三萜含量为2.94%~3.43%。熊果酸浓度在20~140μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,精密度(RSD)为0.88%,回收率为88.6%~92.5%,完全能够满足于破壁灵芝孢子粉中三萜成分的分析研究。     

宁夏吴忠黄河国家湿地公园春季鸟类多样性调查

[目的]了解宁夏吴忠国家湿地公园春季鸟类物种多样性和不同生态功能区的分布特点。[方法]采用样线法和样点法相结合的方法,于2016年1—4月对宁夏吴忠黄河国家湿地公园的鸟类多样性进行了调查,分析了吴忠黄河国家湿地公园鸟类多样性的组成以及区系类型。[结果]共记录到鸟类42种,隶属10目15科,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类5种。鸟类物种数和物种多样性指数与区域面积呈正相关,而鸟类密度与面积没有明显的相关性;湿地保育区和湿地体验区鸟类物种数和数量最多,鸟类多样性也最高,应重点保护和合理开发。[结论]研究结果可为黄河国家湿地公园湿地生态保护以及吴忠市城市建设和生态资源保护提供基础资料。     

垫草对猪的福利和生产性能的影响

通常认为垫草对猪的福利具有广泛的有利影响。垫草既能改善地面触感,又有利于猪自主调控小环境温度,并减少某些肢蹄损伤。但稻草也会增加某些疾病发生的概率,特别是呼吸系统疾病。垫草作为廉价的环境丰富物能够满足猪探求行为的需求,并可作为筑巢材料满足围产期母猪的行为需求,减少不良行为发生。由于其可食入性,垫草还能在一定程度上降低限饲母猪的采食动机,减少口吻部规癖行为发生。垫草对神经内分泌及免疫机能的影响尚不能确定,但以往资料显示其长期使用能减少应激。同时,垫草的使用还可能提高猪的生产性能和某些肉质性状。因此,尽管垫草增加生产成本和特定疾病的风险,并带来管理上的不便,其仍是最可行的提高猪福利的途径之一。     

小麦TaPYL8基因的克隆与抗旱功能分析

脱落酸(ABA)信号通路在植物对干旱胁迫的响应中扮演着至关重要的角色;作为ABA受体,PYL家族蛋白在ABA信号转导中发挥核心作用。小麦TaPYL8是PYL家族的成员。为了明确TaPYL8是否参与小麦干旱胁迫响应,本研究分析了TaPYL8的表达模式,创建过表达TaPYL8拟南芥,并探讨了干旱对拟南芥生理生化及胁迫相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,TaPYL8表达量在干旱胁迫、外源ABA及PEG6000处理后上调。干旱胁迫下,过表达TaPYL8增强了拟南芥的存活率,降低了叶片失水率和MDA含量,提高了SOD、POD和CAT等抗氧化酶活性及AtSOD、AtP5CS1、AtABF3等胁迫相关基因的表达量。推测TaPYL8通过促进胁迫相关基因表达增强植物抗旱能力。     

Haemodynamic changes during sedation in ponies

The cardiovascular changes induced by several sedatives were investigated in five ponies with a subcutaneously transposed carotid artery by means of cardiac output determinations (thermodilution technique), systemic and pulmonary artery pressure measurements (direct intravascular method) and arterial blood analysis (blood gases and packed cell volume). The cardiovascular depression (decrease in systemic blood pressure and cardiac output) was long lasting (greater than 90 min) after administration of propionylpromazine (0.08 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.)) together with promethazine (0.08 mg/kg i.v.). The phenothiazine-induced sedation was not optimal. alpha 2-Agonists (xylazine (0.60 mg/kg i.v.) and detomidine (20 micrograms/kg i.v.)) induced initial but transient cardiovascular effects with an increase in systemic blood pressure and a decrease in cardiac output for about 15 min. Second degree atrioventricular blocks and bradycardia were seen during this period. The cardiovascular depression was more pronounced during detomidine sedation. Atropine (0.01 mg/kg i.v.) induced a tachycardia with a decrease in stroke volume but did not alter the cardiac output or other cardiovascular parameters. It prevented the occurrence of the bradycardia and heart blocks normally induced by xylazine or detomidine. Atropine potentiated the initial hypertension induced by the alpha 2-agonistic sedatives (especially detomidine). The decrease in cardiac output induced by xylazine, and to a lesser extent by detomidine, was partially counteracted when atropine was given in advance. The atropine-xylazine combination seemed the best premedication protocol before general anaesthesia as it only resulted in minor and transient cardiovascular changes.     

Preputial fibroma in a gelding

An 11‐year‐old gelding presented with a large mass located in the dermis of his preputium that surrounded the penis completely. This mass was first noted years ago but did not increase in size. Histological examination diagnosed a fibroma. No treatment was initiated since no signs of discomfort were noticed and the gelding was performing at a high level in competitive showjumping. Next to skin tumours, tumours of the penis and preputium are most common. Most frequently, squamous cell carcinomas and sarcomas are diagnosed. Although fibromas can develop anywhere in connective tissue, a preputial location of a fibroma in a gelding is rare. Differential diagnosis and possible treatment options are discussed.     

鸵鸟红细胞免疫功能研究

应用红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环（Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和免疫复合物花环（ＩＣＲ）试验,证实鸵鸟红细胞表面存在补体Ｃ３ｂ受体（Ｃ３ｂｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,Ｃ３ｂＲ）,表明红细胞免疫系统（Ｒｃｄｃｅｌｉｍｍｕｎｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ＲＣＩＳ）的概念亦适用于这种动物;鸵鸟红细胞不但有传统医学观念上的功能,而且还可借助ＣＲ１（ＣｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｒｅｃｃｐｔｏｒｔｙｐｅＩ）进行免疫粘附,并以此为基础,表现出各种重要的免疫功能。