处理后的工业污水用于荒山绿化研究

研究处理后的工业污水能否用于荒山绿化.在张家口市桥东区水泉沟瘠薄山地的典型地段设立了一个造林试验点,采用不同的灌溉措施,对臭椿、火炬树、四季玫瑰等3个树种进行了的植苗造林试验.结果表明:不同灌溉措施对不同树种当年的植苗造林成活率及其株高、地径和冠幅等指标的影响差异不显著,经过对土壤相关指标的测定,工业污水(50%)处理...     

盐胁迫对乌拉尔甘草种子萌发的影响研究

研究了NaCl和Na2SO4不同浓度下两种中性盐胁迫对乌拉尔甘草种子萌发的效应。结果表明:280mmol/L浓度的NaCl和Na2SO4处理时,发芽率高于60%,高浓度的Na2SO4抑制种子发芽强于NaCl;不同浓度Na2SO4处理的发芽高峰期出现比对照早3～5d,比NaCl处理的早2～6d;Na2SO4处理种子的发芽势小于相同浓度的NaCl;溶液浓度大于200mmol/L时,种子发芽指数小于对照,NaCl溶液各梯度处理下的发芽指数均高于相应浓度的Na2SO4。发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数与NaCl和Na2SO4浓度之间呈极显著的负相关,发芽高峰期的出现与NaCl浓度之间呈正相关,与Na2SO4浓度之间呈负相关。     

小粒野生稻酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建

采用酵母双杂交系统,利用SMART技术,在酵母菌株AH109中构建了小粒野生稻全长cDNA文库,文库容量约为1×106,插入片段平均大小约为640bp。该文库可以用于进一步的酵母双杂交筛选。     

黄土坡耕地径流水力学参数与侵蚀产沙的模拟

为了明确连续降雨条件下黄土坡耕地微地形的径流产沙及水力学特征,基于4种坡度(5°,10°,15°,25°)、4种耕作方式(直线坡、人工锄耕、人工掏挖、等高耕作)和2种雨强(60mm/h,120mm/h)的组合,通过室内模拟连续90min降雨试验,对不同坡面的径流泥沙特征和水力学参数进行了定量分析和计算。结果表明:4种耕作措施的径流量和产沙量均遵循一致的规律,从大到小均为直线坡人工锄耕人工掏挖等高耕作,直线坡的径流量和产沙量分别是等高耕作坡面的2倍和2.3倍,其水土保持效应依次增强;相同耕作方式下,与60mm/h雨强相比,120mm/h雨强下的径流量由1.04kg/min增大到3.02kg/min,雨强对径流量的影响显著;径流量和泥沙量随时间均呈现对数变化趋势;相同降雨历时下,坡面流随雨强和坡度的增大,从层流和缓流向紊流和急流发展,加剧了水土流失。耕作方式、雨强和坡度是影响黄土坡耕地侵蚀产沙过程及水力学特征的重要因素。因此,通过实施有效的保护性耕作、削弱坡度效应将有助于黄土坡耕地的水土保持。     

秦川牛 MYH8基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

为研究秦川牛MYH8基因的多态性及其与秦川牛生长性状的关联性,选取163头健康的30月±2月龄秦川牛,采用DNA测序技术发现MYH8基因外显子上的SNP位点,并以PCR-RFLP技术分析秦川牛群MYH8基因型,研究其遗传多样性,再通过SPSS 19.0软件分析SNP位点与秦川牛体尺性状和胴体性状的关联性。研究结果表明,在MYH8基因第33外显子上存在3个SNP位点,分别在基因序列26 064、26 094和26 100bp 3处,且26 064bp处(TC)为同义突变,26 094bp处(TC)为错义突变,26 100bp处(CG)为错义突变。关联分析显示,C26100G突变发生在体斜长指标,表现为GG基因型个体的群体均值显著高于GC、CC基因型个体(P0.05);而其他突变中不存在显著性差异。某些基因型(T26064C突变处TC基因型和T26094C突变处CT基因型)可能为优势基因型,但还需通过更多个体验证。说明:MYH8基因对秦川肉牛生长性状存在一定影响。     

牧区草地承包经营权流转及其对牧民生计的影响——以内蒙古草原牧区为例

牧区草地承包经营权流转,是伴随草原新三牧政策(休牧、禁牧、划区轮牧)实施、畜牧业增长方式转型、牧区产业结构调整、牧区剩余劳动力转移等过程集中出现,又事关牧区民生与构建和谐新牧区的一个崭新的重要研究命题。本研究阐明内蒙古牧区草地承包经营权流转现状与特征,指出伴随草地流转出现租赁期短、草畜平衡对草地流转限制等问题以及牧区草地流转动因与东中部土地流转不同、草地类型流转程度不同的特征。畜产品是牧民主要收入来源,草地流转价格低影响牧民增收、加大牧区剩余劳动力转移风险。在牧区调研的基础上,提出建立与完善草地承包经营权流转机制的政策建议。     

Plasma Antimullerian Hormone as a Predictor of Ovarian Antral Follicular Population in Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) Heifers

In Bos taurus cattle, antimullerian hormone (AMH) has been demonstrated to have a high degree of correlation with ovarian antral follicle count and the number of healthy follicles and oocytes. To document the correlation between the plasma concentration of AMH and follicular number in Bos indicus and Bos taurus heifers, Nelore (Bos indicus, n = 16) and Holstein heifers (Bos taurus, n = 16) had their ovarian follicular waves synchronized. After synchronization, ovarian antral follicular population (AFP) was evaluated three times at 60‐day (d) intervals (T‐120 d, 120 days before plasma AMH determination; T‐60 d, 60 days before; and T0, at the time of plasma AMH determination). The plasma AMH concentration was positively correlated with the number of ovarian follicles on the day of the follicular wave emergence in Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers at each evaluation time (p < 0.05). The AFP was higher in Bos indicus (Nelore) than in Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers (p < 0.05). Similarly, the AMH concentration was higher in Bos indicus (Nelore) than in Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers (p < 0.0001). When heifers were classified as to present high or low AFP according to the mean of the AFP within each genetic group, high‐AFP heifers presented a greater (p < 0.0001) AMH concentration than low‐AFP heifers, regardless of the genetic group. In conclusion, the AFP is positively correlated with plasma AMH concentration in both Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers. Furthermore, Bos indicus (Nelore) heifers presented both greater plasma AMH concentrations and AFP than Bos taurus (Holstein) heifers.     

Scanning Single-Electron Transistor Microscopy: Imaging Individual Charges

A single-electron transistor scanning electrometer (SETSE)-a scanned probe microscope capable of mapping static electric fields and charges with 100-nanometer spatial resolution and a charge sensitivity of a small fraction of an electron-has been developed. The active sensing element of the SETSE, a single-electron transistor fabricated at the end of a sharp glass tip, is scanned in close proximity across the sample surface. Images of the surface electric fields of a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure sample show individual photo-ionized charge sites and fluctuations in the dopant and surface-charge distribution on a length scale of 100 nanometers. The SETSE has been used to image and measure depleted regions, local capacitance, band bending, and contact potentials at submicrometer length scales on the surface of this semiconductor sample.