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991.
Stefanie Anne van Bergeijk José Antonio Paullada Salmerón Ana Isabel López Pérez José Moreno José Pedro Cañavate Mercedes García‐González 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1724-1730
Rotifers, used in aquaculture as feed for early larval stages, are poor in carotenoids compared with copepods, the natural most common prey item of marine fish larvae. A minimal sufficient level of carotenoids in fish larvae may be essential for a correct development. The freshwater microalga Muriellopsis sp. has been identified as a potential source of the carotenoid lutein with possible application in aquaculture. Lutein is a potent antioxidant, with potentially beneficial effects as a carotenoid for fish larvae. This study describes the lutein enrichment of the rotifer Brachionus sp. when incubated with homogeneously dispersed suspensions of freeze‐dried, lutein‐rich Muriellopsis sp. in seawater. A short enrichment time (2 or 2.5 h) resulted in a higher lutein content of the rotifers than a long enrichment time (13.5 or 24 h). Although the concentration of lutein in enriched rotifers, 0.06–0.16 mg (g dry weight)?1 was low compared with its content in Muriellopsis sp. [about 3 mg (g dry weight)?1], it was in the range reported for natural copepod populations. Therefore, we conclude that freeze‐dried biomass of Muriellopsis sp. can be used to enrich rotifers with lutein, providing an adequate level of this carotenoid for marine fish larvae. 相似文献
992.
L.T. Ortiz A. Rebolé S. Velasco M.L. Rodríguez J. Treviño J.L. Tejedor C. Alzueta 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2013,19(4):475-482
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, whole body and fillet chemical composition and intestinal microbiota of rainbow trouts reared under fish farming conditions. Trouts fed inulin‐ or FOS‐containing diets (5 and 10 g kg?1) exhibited significant (P = 0.030) body weight gain improvements compared with controls. An increase in gross energy (P = 0.044) and Ca content (P = 0.034) in the whole body of trouts was observed for prebiotic treatments. A decrease in crude protein content (P = 0.009) and a tendency to increase total lipid and gross energy contents (P = 0.090 and P = 0.069, respectively) were detected in the fillet tissue for prebiotic treatments. These results clearly indicate that inulin and FOS improved the intestinal absorption of Ca and that the increased amount was predominantly incorporated into bone tissue. Inulin reduced (P = 0.027) the intestinal population of Vibrio spp. in the distal region to such an extent that no viable counts were detected. The presence of Flavobacterium spp. was not detected in any group, and the numbers of Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Gram‐positive bacteria were not affected (P > 0.05). 相似文献
993.
994.
E.E. Rufino‐Palomares F.J. Reyes‐Zurita L. García‐Salguero J. Peragón M. De La Higuera J.A. Lupiañez 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2012,18(5):568-580
Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene used, at experimental level, as an additive to stimulate growth, protein‐turnover rates and hyperplasia in fish. In this experiment we have studied the effects of feeding with MA at daily fixed ration of 10 g kg?1 of body mass, on growth, protein‐turnover rates and nucleic acid concentration in white muscle of gilthead sea bream grown in a local fish farm. The experimental groups contained 0 (control), 50 (MA50) and 100 (MA100) mg MA per kg of diet. Two groups were provided feed ad libitum (control AL and MA100AL), while three were given a fixed ration (control R, MA50R, and MA100R). We have determined the following: growth rate; nucleic acid and protein levels; relative and absolute protein‐accumulation (KG, AG), synthesis (KS, AS) and degradation (KD, AD) rate, protein‐synthesis capacity (CS), protein‐synthesis efficiency (KRNA), protein‐synthesis rate per DNA (KDNA) and protein‐retention efficiency. At the end of the experiment, higher body weights and muscle growth rates were found in both groups of fish fed with 100 mg MA per kg of diet. Feed‐efficiency rate, protein‐efficiency ratio and protein productive value, were higher in the MA100AL group than in control AL. Fractional and absolute protein‐synthesis and degradation rates in white muscle of MA100AL and MA100R fish were higher than in the control, resulting in a higher protein‐accumulation rate and tissue growth. Total DNA content, indicated cell hyperplasia, was higher in MA100AL and MA100R than its respective controls. Studies of optical and electronic microscopy corroborated these results. These findings indicate that MA added to the diet can stimulate the growth, white‐muscle protein‐turnover rates and tissue hyperplasia in gilthead sea bream. 相似文献
995.
996.
Adriana Montañez Cecilia Abreu Paul R. Gill Gudni Hardarson Margarita Sicardi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(3):253-263
The nitrogen-fixing capacity of a range of commercial cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) was evaluated by the 15N isotope-dilution method. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) expressed as percent nitrogen derived from air (Ndfa) ranged
from 12 to 33 regardless of nitrogen fertilization. BNF was not affected by mineral nitrogen fertilization except on cultivar
Topacio and PAU-871 cultivars. Subsequently, culturable bacterial diazotrophs were isolated from endophytic tissue of maize:
seed, root, stem, and leaf. All isolates were able to grow on N-free semisolid medium. Eleven bacteria isolates showed nitrogen-fixing
capacity by the reduction of acetylene to ethylene and confirmed by PCR the presence of nifH gene in their genome. Identification of the 11 isolates was performed by bacteriological methods, 16S rRNA gene sequences,
and phylogenetic analysis, which indicated that the bacteria isolated were closely related to Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Rhanella, Herbaspirillum, Azospirillum, Rhizobium (Agrobacterium), and Brevundimonas. This study demonstrated that maize cultivars obtain significant nitrogen from BNF, varying by maize cultivar and nitrogen
fertilization level. The endophytic diazotrophic bacteria isolated from root, stem, and leaf tissues of maize cultivars may
contribute to BNF in these plants. 相似文献
997.
Fernando R. Espinoza-Quiñones Aparecido N. Módenes Ismael L. Costa Jr. Soraya M. Palácio Nayara Szymanski Daniela E. G. Trigueros Alexander Dimitrov Kroumov Edson A. Silva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,203(1-4):29-37
The goal of this work was to study quantitatively lead bioaccumulation from a lead-doped nutrient medium by using a living aquatic macrophytes Pistia stratiotes. Several sets of aquatic plants with approximately 30 g weight were grown in greenhouse conditions and in hydroponic solutions supplied with a non-toxic Pb2+ concentration. The synchrotron radiation total X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine the metal concentrations in dry plants and hydroponic media as a function of time. Four different non-structural bioaccumulation models were applied to describe the process dynamics and to estimate the accumulated lead maximum capacity and rate constants. According to the experimental data, both biosorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms can be considered. Due to the low desorption rate constant, the experimental data were well described by the irreversible kinetic model. The results concerning modeling of living macrophytes’ metal bioaccumulation kinetics can be used to predict the heavy metal removal dynamics from wastewaters in artificial wetlands. 相似文献
998.
Pietrobelli Juliana M. T. de A. Módenes Aparecido N. Fagundes-Klen Márcia R. Espinoza-Quiñones Fernando R. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,204(1-4):385-398
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The processes impacting arsenic toxicity are a function of molecular speciation, where risk from chronic exposure to the reduced arsenic species is estimated to... 相似文献
999.
Basilio Carrasco Patricio Avila Jorge Perez-Diaz Patricio Muñoz Rolando García Blas Lavandero Andrés Zurita-Silva Jorge B. Retamales Peter D. S. Caligari 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(3):331-337
In Chile Vasconcellea pubescens is cropped to produce canned fruit, juice, jam and processed sweets. Additionally this species produces latex with a high
level of papain, an important and valuable proteolytic enzyme with industrial applications. In this investigation seven ISSR
primers were used to study the level and organization of genetic diversity in 333 samples of V. pubescens. Out of the 114 bands recorded, 63 proved to be polymorphic (P = 55.3%). At the species level, the genetic diversity was rather low (h = 0.01 ± 6,80188E-05, Shannon’s Index I = 0.16 ± 0,000148). The major portion of the genetic diversity was found within groups (65%). The genetic differentiation
between the different groups was significant, as the AMOVA analysis suggested (Φpt = 0.35). When analysing the Northern area alone, the differentiation increased to Φpt = 0.40. When only the Southern area was analysed, Φpt decreased to 0.18, indicating greater genetic similarity among the samples. The results generated from Structure and Bayesian
Analysis of Population Structure distinguished 8 genetically different groups, five of them located in the north and three
in the south. The results are discussed in the light of the growers’ practices. 相似文献
1000.
Production of hydrophilic phytotoxins by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycosphaerella fijiensis</Emphasis>
Carlos A. Cruz-Cruz Karlina García-Sosa Fabiola Escalante-Erosa Luis M. Peña-Rodríguez 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(3):191-195
We have established a reproducible strategy to purify hydrophilic phytotoxins present in the aqueous filtrate of Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. The lyophilized culture filtrate is initially treated with activated charcoal, then successively purified using
vacuum liquid chromatography and semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography. Phytotoxic activity was tested using
a leaf-spot assay on healthy banana leaves.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献