大套第三抽水站辅助设备能耗计算分析

为了解大型泵站辅助设备的能耗情况,以江苏省通榆河北延送水工程大套第三抽水站为例,介绍了大套第三抽水站辅助设备设置情况;通过分析各类辅助设备的运行情况,系统计算了辅助设备运行能耗,分析了各类辅助设备能耗的特点.结果表明,大套第三抽水站辅助设备耗能约占泵站总能耗的3.13%,其中,照明、清污和电机通风等能耗所占比例较大,各占辅助设备总能耗的1/3左右.成果可为大型泵站辅助设备的设计与节能提供参考.     

村庄政治视野下的农地制度构建考察——江西省仲村土地调整个案的研究

随着农村宗族的复兴与村级组织权威的弱化,影响农地制度的因素除政府、村级组织外,还有来自村社区内部其他力量.农地制度的形成实质是多种力量政治博弈的一种结果.为此,笔者建议,为缓解因农地调控引起的诸多社会矛盾,未来农地制度的构建需要考虑并协调好两个层面的关系:一是国家农地政策与村级组织对农地的调控权之间的关系;二是村级组织与村社区其他各种力量(如宗族等)之间的关系     

南方传统农区乡村生态空间时空演变分析

以川中丘陵区为例,在提出乡村生态空间分类体系基础上,采用转移速率、动态度、转移矩阵、洛伦兹曲线和生境质量评估等方法分析传统农区生态空间在数量、组成结构和空间分布的时空演变特征及其对生境质量的影响。研究表明:川中丘陵区乡村生态空间约占国土空间总面积的98%,人均生态空间面积达1 640. 68 m2; 2000—2018年,乡村生态空间从88 298. 72 km~2降至87 322. 22 km~2,年均缩减量为54. 25 km~2,综合动态度为0. 41%,生态空间转移率为0. 20%,农田和森林生态系统是构成乡村生态空间的主要成分,两者在近20年间的保留率均超过90%,这表明随着时间的推移,传统农区生态空间数量虽在减少,但整体结构依然稳定。生产生态空间和基础生态空间分布基尼系数分别在0. 08和0. 34左右,表现为绝对平均和相对合理的空间分布形态,说明传统农区生态空间总体上呈现出均衡且稳定的空间分布格局。川中丘陵区生境质量整体不高,2000年、2010年和2018年的生境质量指数分别为0. 310、0. 311和0. 309,生境质量指数呈先上升后下降的趋势,与乡村基础生态空间的数量改变呈正相关关系。     

Putative Phosphatase UvPsr1 Is Required for Mycelial Growth,Conidiation, Stress Response and Pathogenicity in Ustilaginonidea virens

Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of rice false smut, which can be a highly destructive disease of rice. The plasma membrane phosphatase Psr1 proteins, which act as a regulator of the salinity stress response in yeast, are widely distributed across fungi, but their functional characterization is sketchy. In this study, we characterized the functions of Psr1 protein, UvPsr1, in U. virens. Analyses of the ΔUvpsr1 and its complementation strain showed that UvPsr1 is required for normal mycelial growth, conidiation and tolerance to oxidative, osmotic and cell wall stresses. When rice panicles were inoculated with the ΔUvpsr1 strains, no symptoms of false smut disease developed, showing that UvPSR1 also contributes to the pathogenicity of the fungus. The deletion mutant of UvPSR1 also appeared to produce a smaller titer of toxic compounds able to inhibit elongation of the germinated seeds. In conclusion, our results indicated that UvPsr1 is a new pathogenic factor of U. virens.     

5种植物精油抑菌活性及其化学成分研究

从植物精油中寻找新型抑菌剂是植物化学研究的一个方向。本试验提取了丁香、八角、孜然、薄荷和生姜5种药食兼用植物的精油,采用抑制菌丝生长法和96孔板法测试了5种精油对8种植物病原真菌和5种细菌的抑菌活性。结果表明5种植物精油对测试真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,丁香的抑制作用最强,对梨黑星病菌的抑制作用最强,其IC_(50)为93.44 mg/L;5种植物精油对测试细菌的抑菌作用较弱,孜然和生姜精油对青枯菌的抑制最强,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)也仅为125 mg/L。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了各精油的主要化学成分,八角主要成分为茴香脑(53.16%),薄荷主要成分为长叶薄荷酮(15.85%),丁香主要成分为丁子香酚(82.68%),生姜主要成分为香叶醛(16.80%),孜然主要成分为茴香甲醛(46.06%)。本研究结果表明丁香具有开发为新型植物源抑菌剂的潜力。     

Spatial fit between water quality policies and hydrologic ecosystem services in an urbanizing agricultural landscape

Context

Sustaining hydrologic ecosystem services is critical for human wellbeing but challenged by land use for agriculture and urban development. Water policy and management strive to safeguard hydrologic services, yet implementation is often fragmented. Understanding the spatial fit between water polices and hydrologic services is needed to assess the spatial targeting of policy portfolios at landscape scales.

Objectives

We investigated spatial fit between 30 different public water policies and four hydrologic services (surface and groundwater quality, freshwater supply, and flood regulation) in the Yahara Watershed (Wisconsin, USA)—a Midwestern landscape that typifies tensions between agriculture, urban development, and freshwater resources.

Methods

Spatial extent of water policy implementation was mapped, and indicators of hydrologic services were quantified for subwatersheds using empirical estimates and validated spatial models.

Results

We found a spatial misfit between the overall spatial implementation of water policy and regions of water quality concern, indicating a need for better targeting. Water quality policies can also be leveraged to protect other hydrologic services such as freshwater supply and flood regulation. Individual policy application areas varied substantially in their spatial congruence with each hydrologic service, indicating that not all services are protected by a single policy and highlighting the need for a broad spectrum of policies to sustain hydrologic services in diverse landscapes. We also identified where future policies could be targeted for improving hydrologic services.

Conclusions

Joint spatial analysis of policies and ecosystem services is effective for assessing spatial aspects of institutional fit, and provides a foundation for guiding future policy efforts.

     

西卡柱花草传粉受精过程花朵形态变化的研究

对西卡柱花草传粉受精过程花朵形态变化的研究结果表明,凌蛄３～６时,多数花蕾进行自花授粉,６～７时,花蕾完成自花授粉过程,此时萼管与花冠长度几乎相等。上竿８：３０～９：３０,小花开放但龙骨瓣仍闭合时,花粉粒在柱头上萌发。开共经骨瓣松开,露出雌雄蕊,花粉管穿过花柱道、子房内壁进入胚珠。花后６小时左右,小花关闭,合子及初生胚乳核中出现雄性核仁。小花开放过程中的形态变化可作为传粉、花粉萌发、受精作用的形态     

不同产地河北杨苗期研究

对11个产地河北杨的苗期生长进行了研究。通过物候观察、扦插成活率、生长状况及抗性测定等多项指标的研究,结果表明,吴旗11号和西宁5号的种苗在生长量及抗性方面均优于其它产地种苗;皋兰2号种苗次之,但皋兰2号种苗对黑斑病和叶锈病的自然发病率又低于吴旗11号和西宁5号种苗。因此、在生产上应发展吴旗11号、西宁5号和皋兰2号产地的河北杨。     

苏联森林经理工作的现状及发展方向

本文从5个方面论述了最近10多年来,苏联传统的森林经理工艺的进展与改革:(1)伐区工艺改革(包括伐区拨交与验收);(2)各种森林资源调查方法的研究与使用;(3)全苏小班数据库的建立及自动化检索系统的研制;(4)森林经理制图自动化系统的开发与应用;(5)遥感与电算技术发展迅速。文章还介绍了苏联森林经理技术发展的新动向。     

The Survey and Drawing of Common Cylinder Worm

This paper focuses on the standarization of common cylinder worm transmission in the methods and procedures of the survey and drawing.