温室授粉蜂群蜂子比值与工蜂出勤率相关性的研究

蜜蜂是设施农业的重要授粉昆虫,授粉蜂群的状况可能影响授粉效率的高低。通过意大利蜂(Apismellifera)对温室草莓、油桃的6次授粉重复试验,采集授粉蜂群的蜂子比值与出勤率的数据,分析蜂子比值与出勤率的相关性。结果表明,蜂子比值与工蜂出勤率之间呈显著的负相关(P<0.05),其相关系数分别为-0.8470、-0.6543、-0.7616、-0.6969、-0.6740和-0.8477,说明在正常范围内,温室授粉蜂群的出勤率随蜂子比值的减小而提高,也就是说,授粉蜂群内的子脾越好,蜜蜂出勤采集的积极性越高。     

抗马立克氏病新品系选育第四代雏鸡MDV攻毒试验结果

F4雏鸡MDV攻毒试验结果显示,亲本父母代鸡均携带No614血型基因的选育试验组,60日龄死亡率显著低于不经血型基因选育的对照组(P＜0.05);其内脏器官组织肿瘤病变率也低于该对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);选育试验组鸡的肝脏的肿瘤病变率仍显著低于血型基因选育对照组和非选育对照组鸡(P＜0.05).提示No614血型基因具有一定程度的马立克氏病(MD)抗性.     

牛出血性败血症诊断与防治

牛出血性败血症具有致病因素多、传染源多、危害大的特点,养殖户要针对该病的特点制定有效防控方案,并严格执行防控措施,定期对牛群给予免疫注射,并加强饲养管理,才能有效降低发病几率,提升经济效益。该文主要论述牛出血性败血症的诊断与防治。     

Improvement,identification, and target prediction for miRNAs in the porcine genome by using massive,public high-throughput sequencing data

Despite the broad variety of available microRNA (miRNA) research tools and methods, their application to the identification, annotation, and target prediction of miRNAs in nonmodel organisms is still limited. In this study, we collected nearly all public sRNA-seq data to improve the annotation for known miRNAs and identify novel miRNAs that have not been annotated in pigs (Sus scrofa). We newly annotated 210 mature sequences in known miRNAs and found that 43 of the known miRNA precursors were problematic due to redundant/missing annotations or incorrect sequences. We also predicted 811 novel miRNAs with high confidence, which was twice the current number of known miRNAs for pigs in miRBase. In addition, we proposed a correlation-based strategy to predict target genes for miRNAs by using a large amount of sRNA-seq and RNA-seq data. We found that the correlation-based strategy provided additional evidence of expression compared with traditional target prediction methods. The correlation-based strategy also identified the regulatory pairs that were controlled by nonbinding sites with a particular pattern, which provided abundant complementarity for studying the mechanism of miRNAs that regulate gene expression. In summary, our study improved the annotation of known miRNAs, identified a large number of novel miRNAs, and predicted target genes for all pig miRNAs by using massive public data. This large data-based strategy is also applicable for other nonmodel organisms with incomplete annotation information.     

疫苗免疫及抗体注射预防雏鹅小鹅瘟效果比较

为更好地控制小鹅瘟的发生,探究疫苗免疫及抗体注射对雏鹅小鹅瘟的预防效果。将200只1日龄试验鹅随机分成4组,其中A组为疫苗组,B组为卵黄抗体+疫苗组,C组为卵黄抗体组,D组为对照组。对试验鹅分别于1日龄、7日龄进行注射,并在首免后第7、14、21及28天检测小鹅瘟抗体。结果显示:在第7天,B组和C组的免疫抗体平均效价均高于A组;在第14天,B组抗体平均效价出现明显下降,均低于A组和C组。在第21～28天,A组和B组均保持较高的抗体水平,而C组抗体效价下降较快。结果提示,在没有母源抗体保护的情况下,对于雏鹅小鹅瘟多发高发的地区和场群,建议1日龄、7日龄均注射卵黄抗体加以预防;对于雏鹅发病日龄明显增加,超过20日龄仍有发病的地区和场群,建议1日龄、7日龄均免疫小鹅瘟疫苗加以防控。     

检疫犬基地建设与发展策略探讨

检疫犬应用技术作为一种特殊的检验检疫手段,目前已被30多个国家或地区应用于检验检疫领域。许多国家或地区已建有自己的国家级工作犬训练基地。近年来,由于出入境业务量的迅速增长,我国对检疫犬数量的需求逐年攀升,明确要建成2个国家级检疫犬繁殖训养中心。检疫犬基地作为培养检疫犬的重要场所,其基地面积、位置规划、人力资源、种犬储备、幼犬来源等的科学合理规划,对保证其可持续发展具有重要意义。检疫犬基地的可持续发展,需要准确定位功能需求,搞好种犬繁育,统筹储备人力资源,建设生态环保基地,挖掘和利用社会资源,以及拓展其它功能建设,从而做到行业引领。     

油菜籽皮发酵饲料添加剂——纤维素酶

本研究对绿色木霉116的发酵条件和无机盐配方进行了正交试验优选。试验结果表明产纤维素酶的最佳条件是:接种量为2%,油菜籽皮:稻草:麸皮=3:2:5;水分:干料=1:1;装量为5%;无机盐固态发酵的最佳配方是:(NH4)2SO40.5%,KH2PO40.4%,MgSO40.04%,CaCl2·2H2O0.05%。产酶酶活可达242U/g鲜糟。     

秦川牛近交与近交衰退的分析

本文分析了陕西省秦川牛场秦川牛群近交及其对初生重、断奶重及哺乳期成活率的影响,并采用标准群体遗传学模型分析了秦川牛的致死当量。研究发现,30多年来秦川牛群平均近交系数呈明显的上升趋势,而且近交对成活率、初生重及断奶重均有一定危害;秦川牛群体的隐性有害基因含量较少,平均每个个体约携带2.05个致死当量。     

Prime-boost immunization using alphavirus replicon and adenovirus vectored vaccines induces enhanced immune responses against classical swine fever virus in mice

This study was designed to evaluate the prime-boost vaccination regimens as a novel immunization strategy for DNA vaccine against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). BALB/c mice were primed with the alphavirus replicon-vectored DNA vaccine pSFV1CS-E2-UL49 encoding the E2 protein of CSFV fused with the UL49 gene encoding the transduction protein VP22 of pseudorabies virus, followed by either homologous boosting with pSFV1CS-E2-UL49 or heterologous boosting with the recombinant adenovirus rAdV-E2 expressing the E2 protein or with the baculovirus-produced recombinant E2 protein (rE2) in adjuvant. The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following prime-boost vaccination were assessed. The results showed that: (1) boosting with either rAdV-E2 or rE2 elicited high-level antibodies, whereas homologous boosting with pSFV1CS-E2-UL49 elicited low-level antibodies (below positive threshold); (2) heterologous boosting with rAdV-E2 resulted in stronger CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells proliferation responses and higher stimulation indexes; and (3) heterologous boosting with rAdV-E2 induced more IFN-γ production. These results support the notion that a regimen of DNA prime-recombinant adenovirus boost enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and the DNA prime-protein boost regimen enhances humoral immune responses.     

黔金丝猴（Rhinopithecus brelichi）雪季地表食物利用

2012年1月至3月,本研究采用粪便分析法对黔金丝猴冬季的食物利用进行了调查研究。结果表明在此期间黔金丝猴采食植物部位有嫩枝、树芽、叶片、花、树皮以及果实和种子,食物种类较多。其中,地表灌木层木姜子属（Litse asp．）的嫩枝是黔金丝猴取食较多的采食对象。本次研究也首次发现黔金丝猴食用地面上的四照花果实。我们推测黔金丝猴利用落地果实的现象可能是该物种对温带森林中高质量食物果实和种子利用最大化的一种适应。建议在温带灵长类生态行为研究中,加强对落地果实、矮小灌木和草本植物等猴群食源植物的监测,以期精确地探讨物种的食性以及对环境的适应。