History and Present Situation and Developing Tendency of Rare Earth Applied in Agriculture

History of rare earth applied in agriculture Concept of rare earth Rare earth(RE for short)is a general designation of 17 elements,including 15 elements of lanthanum system,they are lanthanum (La),cerium (Ce),praseodymium (Pr),neodymium (Nd),promethium(Pm),samarium(Sm),europium(Eu),gadolinium(Gd),terbium(Tb),dysprosium(Dy),holmium(Ho),erbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu)),and 2 elements of the same clan with lanthanum system: scandium (Se)and yttrium (Y) in the periodic table of elements.Rare earth look like earth or soil,and their quantity which may be separated from ore are very rare or few,so scientists call them rare earth elements.     

晚熟宽柄芥(酸菜)新品种渝芥1号的选育

宽柄芥新品种渝芥1号是从地方品种包包菜的变异单株中,历经6个世代单株自交纯化、定向系统培育而成。该品种熟性晚,叶片及中肋宽大肥厚,加工性状好。最大叶片长70~75cm、宽25~30cm,中肋长35~40cm、宽12~15cm、厚1.1cm左右,单株商品鲜质量2.0~2.5kg,单叶柄肋鲜质量210g左右,单株经济有效叶片数7片以上。一般每667m2商品产量7000kg左右,高产栽培可达8000kg以上。适宜在重庆、四川及云贵地区作酸菜加工原料栽培,也可鲜食。     

温室立体式茶树育苗机的设计

针对传统茶树温室育苗架存在的占地多、劳动强度大及生产率低等问题,设计了一种立体式茶树育苗机。该机可一次性培育茶树苗4608株,转速控制范围为0.01~0.1r/min,可满足茶树苗不同生长阶段对光照时间的需求。其使用不仅提高了茶树育苗的自动化水平,而且相比于传统温室育苗,设施育苗的面积利用率提高到208.96%,成苗率提高了7.85%。     

电气工程及其自动化的发展研究

科学技术是第一生产力.近年来,我国投入科研方面的人力、物力、财力在不断增加,各个行业和领域的科学技术都有了迅猛发展,开始逐渐向世界先进技术靠拢.     

自动清粪机器人路径规划方法的研究与实现

自动清粪机器人的工作环境复杂,不仅有静态障碍物(如牛栏),且动态障碍物众多(如人和牲畜等)。为此,提出了一种基于行为方法的路径规划法。该方法非常适合于动态环境下机器人的运动规划,其原理简单、计算快捷、容易实现。根据该算法,确立了一套完整的软件系统和设计方案,并在此基础上制造出了样机。经过样机在奶牛养殖场的工作和测试,验证了该方法的实时性、准确性和可操作性。     

Microbial dynamics and natural remediation patterns of Fusarium‐infested watermelon soil under 3‐yr of continuous fallow condition

Long‐term monoculture of watermelon results in inhibited growth and decreased crop yields, possibly because of imbalance in microbial ecology caused by accumulation of the pathogen in soil. This results in serious problems in the economics of watermelon production. We investigated the build‐up of Fusarium in soil under watermelon cultivation and changes over 3 yr of fallow in a microcosm. We focused on changes in the microbial community of Fusarium‐infected soil, including the diversity of the microfloral species composition, and species abundance. Long‐term monoculture of watermelon leads to changes in microbial diversity and community structure. The microbes most readily cultured from infested soil were suppressed by watermelon wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON). Of 52 isolated and identified culturable microbes, 83.3% of bacteria, 85.7% of actinomycetes, 31.6% of fungi and 20.0% of Fusarium sp. were inhibited by FON on bioassay plates. Prior to fallowing, infested soil was a transformed ‘fungus‐type’ soil. After 3 yr of fallow, the infested soil had remediated naturally, and soil microbial diversity recovered considerably. Abundance of dominant bacterial populations was increased by 118–177%, actinomycetes, fungi and FON were decreased by 23–32, 33–37 and 50%, respectively. The ratio of bacteria: actnomycetes: fungus: Fusarium sp. in infested soil changed from 24 000:100:4:1 prior to fallow to 57 000:100:3.5:1 after fallowing, nearer to the 560 000:400:8:1 ratio of healthy soil not used for watermelon cultivation. This suggests the ‘fungus‐type’ soil was converting to ‘bacteria‐type’ soil and that disrupted microbial communities in infested soil were restored during fallow.     

极端干旱区大气边界层厚度时间演变及其与地表能量平衡的关系

主要采用ECMWF的地表和大气产品分析了中国西北极端干旱区大气边界层厚度与地表能量通量的时间变化特征,同时,结合探空加强观测分析了大气边界层演变的可能因素.得出:西北极端干旱区大气边界层厚度呈现出季节性的年际和年代际变化,夏季大气边界层厚度呈下降趋势,春、秋季节呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,冬季以阶段性降低趋势为主,20世纪80年代是大气边界层厚度的转折时期；感热通量是极端干旱区大气边界层发展的主要热力因素；由于夏季净辐射量、地气温差、粗糙度以及风速等因子随时间演变而呈降低趋势,潜热通量呈增加趋势,导致了边界层高度形成的热力作用减弱,边界层厚度降低；同时,粗糙度和风速也是大气边界层发展的主要动力因素,由于边界层粗糙度和风速降低,促使垂直风切变减小,湍流动力作用减弱,也会导致边界层厚度降低.     

密集烘烤后期不同风机转速对烤后烟叶内在品质的影响

为探索当前密集烘烤过程里循环风机不同转速对烤后烟叶内在品质的影响,分析烘烤后期循环风机转速与烟叶香吃味之间的关系,试验以烟草品种南江3号中部叶为材料,研究了干筋期烟叶烘烤循环风机转速对烤后烟叶主要化学成分协调性和评吸质量的影响.结果表明,烘烤开始至52℃范围内风机转速采用1 450 r/min、52～60℃范围内风机转速采用960 r/min、60～65℃至烘烤结束风机转速采用720r/min进行通风,可以提高烤后烟叶内在品质,促进化学成分协调性,有利于石油醚提取物含量的积累,能够明显改善烤后烟叶的香吃味.     

杨木稀酸预处理液木糖发酵产乙醇工艺条件的研究

以1.0%H2SO4在150℃预处理杨木屑20 min可水解溶出66.5%木聚糖和7.1%葡聚糖,生成以木糖为主、含有乙酸和甲酸等发酵抑制物的预处理液,脱毒后可采用Candida shehatae R发酵产乙醇,而Pichia stipitisNL23不能生长。减压蒸发加石灰中和法对预处理液的脱毒效果最佳,可脱除70.0%乙酸和40.0%甲酸,糖损失仅为5.0%~6.0%,C.shehataeR的耗糖率和乙醇得率可达到93.2%和83.6%。采用廉价的无机盐能够满足C.shehataeR发酵脱毒液的营养要求。由于包括乙酸和甲酸以外其它毒性物的抑制,C.shehataeR发酵脱毒液的适宜糖质量浓度为30.0 g/L,发酵12 h,耗糖率和乙醇得率为84.7%和75.3%,乙醇质量浓度达到最高值8.54 g/L,同时生成6.08 g/L木糖醇,C.shehataeR对木糖的利用未受葡萄糖的抑制。     

试论结合场地特征的杭州湖滨和北山路景区规划设计

探讨了风景园林师如何正确理解场地特征,在保留场地原有景观典型性的基础上,营造出最适宜这片土地的地域性景观。杭州是一个历史悠久的山水风景城市,西湖风景区既有得天独厚的自然景观,又有大量的历史人文景观及传统街区。杭州西湖风景区中的湖滨景区和北山路景区是探索场地特征营造的典型案例。