全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23636篇 |
免费 | 1265篇 |
国内免费 | 2553篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 2007篇 |
农学 | 2487篇 |
基础科学 | 1491篇 |
2956篇 | |
综合类 | 9496篇 |
农作物 | 1624篇 |
水产渔业 | 1106篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 3622篇 |
园艺 | 1403篇 |
植物保护 | 1262篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 149篇 |
2023年 | 385篇 |
2022年 | 897篇 |
2021年 | 1056篇 |
2020年 | 953篇 |
2019年 | 916篇 |
2018年 | 626篇 |
2017年 | 1040篇 |
2016年 | 827篇 |
2015年 | 1082篇 |
2014年 | 1162篇 |
2013年 | 1435篇 |
2012年 | 1853篇 |
2011年 | 1888篇 |
2010年 | 1767篇 |
2009年 | 1578篇 |
2008年 | 1548篇 |
2007年 | 1490篇 |
2006年 | 1213篇 |
2005年 | 1049篇 |
2004年 | 641篇 |
2003年 | 540篇 |
2002年 | 706篇 |
2001年 | 630篇 |
2000年 | 465篇 |
1999年 | 328篇 |
1998年 | 196篇 |
1997年 | 162篇 |
1996年 | 132篇 |
1995年 | 109篇 |
1994年 | 125篇 |
1993年 | 84篇 |
1992年 | 86篇 |
1991年 | 70篇 |
1990年 | 50篇 |
1989年 | 65篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 6篇 |
1956年 | 3篇 |
1955年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
黄土高原粗泥沙集中来源区水沙变化特征及趋势性分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
黄土高原粗泥沙集中来源区为治理黄河泥沙的重点核心地区.根据1960-1999年黄土高原粗泥沙集中来源区皇甫川、孤山川I、窟野河,秃尾河和佳芦河径流及输沙资料,以流域为单元,分析了区内各流域径流量、输沙量的年内、年际变化特征及变化趋势.结果表明,区内径流量及输沙量的年际、年内变化较大.在季节上,除秃尾河径流量集中期为6月份外,其余4条流域径流量的集中期均为8月份;5条流域输沙量的集中期均为8月份.各流域径流量、输沙量的突变时间均在20世纪70年代,说明各流域水沙量呈现减少的趋势,尤以20世纪90年代减少最明显.人类活动和气候变化是影响该区内各流域水沙变化的主要因素. 相似文献
992.
硝酸钾和硫酸钾对番茄幼苗生长、根系形态及钾素吸收和生理利用效率的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用水培试验,研究不同钾肥种类(KNO3、K2SO4)、不同钾素水平(0、2.0、4.0和8.0mmol/L)对"天福冠露"和"毛粉802"2个番茄品种幼苗生长、根系特征及对钾素吸收、生理利用效率的影响。结果表明,随钾素水平提高,番茄鲜重、干重以及根长、根体积、根直径等根系特征显著提高。在钾素水平为4.0、8.0mmol/L时,硝酸钾处理的番茄株高、根长显著高于硫酸钾。钾素水平为8.0mmol/L时,硫酸钾根直径显著高于硝酸钾处理的;"天福冠露"施用硝酸钾的根尖数显著高于施用硫酸钾;"毛粉802"施用硫酸钾,植株的根直径、钾含量和钾素积累量显著高于硝酸钾处理。番茄水培适宜的钾素浓度为8.0mmol/L,硝酸钾有利于番茄生长发育,硫酸钾有利于番茄对钾素的吸收。在相同钾素水平条件下,2个番茄品种鲜重、干重均无显著差异。 相似文献
993.
Chengyou Cao Deming Jiang Xiaohui Teng Yong Jiang Wenju Liang Zhenbo Cui 《Applied soil ecology》2008,40(1):78-85
Caragana microphylla Lam., a leguminous shrub, is a dominant native plant species widely planted to stabilize the moving and semi-moving sand dunes in the semi-arid Horqin sandy land of Northeast China. The objective of this study was to determine how C. microphylla plantations affected the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of a sandy soil. Soil samples at the depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, and 40–50 cm were collected from the C. microphylla plantations with an age sequence of 0, 5, 10, and 23 years. The results showed that shrub growth altered microclimate, increased litter input, and hence, improved soil water holding capacity, contents of total carbon, total N and microbial biomass C and N, electrical conductivity, and activities of urease, phosphomonoesterase, protease, dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase, and decreased soil bulk density. These trends increased with increasing plantation age but decreased with increasing soil depth. C. microphylla establishment could be an effective and applicable measure to restore vegetation and control desertification in the Horqin sandy land, and recommended for adoption in semi-arid sandy areas on a large scale. 相似文献
994.
Ji-Zheng He Yong Zheng Cheng-Rong Chen Yuan-Qiu He Li-Mei Zhang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2008,8(5):349-358
Background, aim, and scope Fertilization is an important agricultural practice for increasing crop yields. In order to maintain the soil sustainability,
it is important to monitor the effects of fertilizer applications on the shifts of soil microorganisms, which control the
cycling of many nutrients in the soil. Here, culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches were used to analyze the
soil bacterial and fungal quantities and community structure under seven fertilization treatments, including Control, Manure,
Return (harvested peanut straw was returned to the plot), and chemical fertilizers of NPK, NP, NK, and PK. The objective of
this study was to examine the effects on soil microbial composition and diversity of long-term organic and chemical fertilizer
regimes in a Chinese upland red soil.
Materials and methods Soil samples were collected from a long-term experiment station at Yingtan (28°15′N, 116°55′E), Jiangxi Province of China.
The soil samples (0–20 cm) from four individual plots per treatment were collected. The total numbers of culturable bacteria
and fungi were determined as colony forming units (CFUs) and selected colonies were identified on agar plates by dilution
plate methods. Moreover, soil DNAs were extracted and bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal 18S rRNA genes were polymerase chain
reaction amplified, and then analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning, and sequencing.
Results The organic fertilizers, especially manure, induced the least culturable bacterial CFUs, but the highest bacterial diversity
ascertained by DGGE banding patterns. Chemical fertilizers, on the other hand, had less effect on the bacterial composition
and diversity, with the NK treatment having the lowest CFUs. For the fungal community, the manure treatment had the largest
CFUs but much fewer DGGE bands, also with the NK treatment having the lowest CFUs. The conventional identification of representative
bacterial and fungal genera showed that long-term fertilization treatments resulted in differences in soil microbial composition
and diversity. In particular, 42.4% of the identified bacterial isolates were classified into members of Arthrobacter. For fungi, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Mucor were the most prevalent three genera, which accounted for 46.6% of the total identified fungi. The long-term fertilization
treatments resulted in different bacterial and fungal compositions ascertained by the culture-dependent and also the culture-independent
approaches.
Discussion It was evident that more representative fungal genera appeared in organic treatments than other treatments, indicating that
culturable fungi were more sensitive to organic than to chemical fertilizers. A very notable finding was that fungal CFUs
appeared maximal in organic manure treatments. This was quite different from the bacterial CFUs in the manure, indicating
that bacteria and fungi responded differently to the fertilization. Similar to bacteria, the minimum fungal CFUs were also
observed in the NK treatment. This result provided evidence that phosphorus could be a key factor for microorganisms in the
soil. Thus, despite the fact that culture-dependent techniques are not ideal for studies of the composition of natural microbial
communities when used alone, they provide one of the more useful means of understanding the growth habit, development, and
potential function of microorganisms from soil habitats. A combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches
is likely to reveal more complete information regarding the composition of soil microbial communities.
Conclusions Long-term fertilization had great effects on the soil bacterial and fungal communities. Organic fertilizer applications induced
the least culturable bacterial CFUs but the highest bacterial diversity, while chemical fertilizer applications had less impact
on soil bacterial community. The largest fungal CFUs were obtained, but much lower diversity was detected in the manure treatment.
The lowest bacterial and also fungal CFUs were observed in the NK treatment. The long-term fertilization treatments resulted
in different bacterial and fungal compositions ascertained by the culture-dependent and also the culture-independent approaches.
Phosphorus fertilizer could be considered as a key factor to control the microbial CFUs and diversity in this Chinese upland
red soil.
Recommendations and perspectives Soil fungi seem to be a more sensitive indicator of soil fertility than soil bacteria. Since the major limitation of molecular
methods in soil microbial studies is the lack of discrimination between the living and dead, or active and dormant microorganisms,
both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods should be used to appropriately characterize soil microbial diversity. 相似文献
995.
Chan-Woo?Park Won-Jae?Youe Song-Yi?Han Yong?Sik?KimEmail author Seung-Hwan?LeeEmail author 《Wood Science and Technology》2017,51(1):151-163
Lignin is a potential precursor for low-cost carbon fiber production, but it is difficult to spin and spool lignin because of its complex and interconnected molecular structure. This disadvantage can be overcome by introducing g-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to lignin. However, the resulting copolymer is insoluble in common organic solvents. In this study, kraft lignin (KL)-g-polyacrylonitrile copolymers with different KL/PAN proportions were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method and their solubility in ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated at different temperatures. 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([MMIM]MeSO4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM]Br) were used as the ILs. At all investigated temperatures, the highest solubility of KL-g-PAN was observed in [EMIM]Ac, with the order of [MMIM]MeSO4 > BMIM]Br > [BMIM]Cl. The solubility in BMIM]Br and [BMIM]Cl was remarkably low, reaching values of less than 4 g/Kg. The viscosity and surface tension of the KL-g-PAN/[EMIM]Ac solution increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing amounts of PAN and further by the addition of dimethylformamide (DMF) to the solution. FTIR spectra of KL-g-PAN copolymers before and after dissolution suggested that PAN was partially depolymerized from the copolymer during the dissolution process. 相似文献
996.
选择海南岛有红树林分布的地点和红树林完全消失的地点,于2003-2005年冬季进行越冬水鸟资源调查.结果表明:在有红树林分布的区域如后水湾和东寨港等地,由于底栖生物的密度较高,因此水鸟的种类、数量以及水鸟多样性都明显高于没有红树林分布的地点.鸭科、鸻科和鹬科水鸟的数量和种数在两者之间并无显著差异,而鹭科鸟类的种数和数量以及鸥科鸟类的种数在两者之间存在着显著差异.一些体型中等的鹬类如红脚鹬、青脚鹬和泽鹬的数量明显多于没有红树林分布的地点.从判别分析的结果可以看出,鹭科鸟类的种数和总数量是判别两地点最重要的2个变量. 相似文献
997.
998.
Deng Chuanbin Qian Zhenming 《保鲜与加工》1995,(5):13-19
The paper presented a new micomechanics load-transfer model for single-fibre fragmentation test. The interfacial shear streength and the crack will develop along the interface. The fibre stochastic strength distribution was modelled by a two-parameter Wibull distribution. The influence of the interfacial bonding strength and fibre axial-tensile strength on stress states in components of composites was discussed. The interfacial state during the fragmentation process may be one of following three states: 1) fully bonding; 2) partial bonding; 3) fully debonding; according to the fibre axialtensile strength and interfacial properties (including interfacial bounding shear strength, interfacial friction coefficient and matrix radial pressure) after elastic constants and geometrical parameters of composites phases are given. The necessary conditions for these three states were discussed- Finally, a suitable definition of the critical fibre length was given and the critical length was constrouted by two parts :debonding fibre length and bonding fibre length. 相似文献
999.
The equivalent transmission line method is extended to multi-transverse electric modes of cavity which are introduced by aperture coupling, and it is used to analyze the shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosures with apertures. The multimode transmission line method is verified by HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator). The results show that higher-order mode is essential to obtain an accurate shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosure on wide frequency domain. Below the frequency of 1 GHz, nearer to the slot, the impact of higher-order mode on the shielding effectiveness is greater in the place mear the slot. Higher-order mode leads to a better shielding effectiveness. 相似文献
1000.