河北省优质棉育种70年回顾与展望

河北省优质陆地棉品种选育工作起步较早,新中国成立以来先后选育出石短5号、冀棉22号、冀棉26、新陆中8号、冀228、农大棉13号等高品质棉花品种和大量优质棉品种。根据不同时期的优质棉评价标准,对1949―2019年河北省选育的优质棉品种的纤维品质性状进行了统计和分析,结合纺织工业对优质原棉的需求,指出河北省优质棉育种存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

棉花新品种冀棉818的选育及栽培技术

冀棉818是以W112为母本,抗单258-1为父本,经过多年南繁北育定向选择,形成的转基因抗虫棉新品种,2019年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,具有早熟、丰产、抗病虫等特点。阐述了冀棉818的选育过程、主要特征特性和栽培技术要点。     

Identification of a major quantitative trait locus and its candidate underlying genetic variation for rice stigma exsertion rate

Stigma exsertion in male sterile lines of hybrid rice is important for seed yield.In the present study, ZS616 [Oryza sativa subsp.Xian(indica)], a male sterile line with a stigma exsertion rate(SER) as high as 94.5%, was crossed to DS552, a japonica line with almost no exserted stigmas.F3 plants with extremely low and high SER were sequenced to identify SER-associated quantitative trait loci(QTL).A major QTL for SER, qSER-3.1, was identified along with other QTL on chromosome 3 in a 3.9 Mb region.A total of 307 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 27 frame-shift insertion/deletions(InDels)differentiating ZS616 and DS552 were identified in the region containing qSER-3.1.Most SNPs(294) and InDels(25) were excluded after further analysis because they were shared by ZS616 and low(<2.0%) SER accessions in the Huazhong Agricultural University(HAU) core rice collection.Association analysis using the full HAU collection identified a 17-bp InDel in OS03 G0689400 as the most likely causal genetic variant underlying qSER-3.1.ZS616-type accessions(n = 54, with the 17-bp insertion) in the HAU collection had minimum(16.5%)and mean(39.6%) SERs significantly greater than those(n = 424) without the insertion(with minimum and mean SERs of 0.2% and 20.6%, respectively).Thus, this study identified a major QTL for stigma exsertion and revealed the mutation in a candidate gene for the QTL.     

云南木薯长茎直插栽培试验初报

以木薯品种华南205和新选048的成熟种茎为材料,采用直插的种植方式,设置4个种茎种植长度处理（20 cm、30 cm、40 cm、50 cm）,研究不同种茎长度对木薯各项田间农艺性状的影响。结果表明：就综合出苗率、株高、茎粗、地上部分重、鲜薯条数以及鲜薯产量等各项指标而言,30 cm的种茎种植长度处理具有明显的比较优势。本研究结果将为华南205和新选048在云南木薯生产中的推广提供理论支撑和技术参考。     

病毒诱导的全新tae-miR9663的沉默影响叶片发育和籽粒大小

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类长度为18~24nt的非编码小分子RNA,参与植物各种发育进程。tae-miR9663是新发现的在小麦幼苗、旗叶和籽粒中高表达的miRNA,但其生物学功能未知。为了探索taemiR9663的功能,通过人工合成tae-miR9663的小串联模拟靶标(short tandem target mimic,STTM),将其构建到大麦条斑花叶病毒(barley stripe mosaic virus,BSMV)载体上,利用病毒介导的基因沉默(virus-inducing gene silencing,VIGS)技术转染小麦宁春16五叶一心期的第5片叶,转染20d后观察叶片表型并取旗叶进行实时定量PCR,成熟时观察种子大小。叶片表型观察结果表明,与BSMV:00相比,接种BSMV:STTM-taemiR9663的9株幼苗中出现4种叶片表型,即第6片叶有白点或白条纹,旗叶(第7片叶)有白点或白条纹,第6片叶边缘有锯齿状,旗叶叶尖处有皱缩。实时定量PCR分析结果表明,STTM-tae-miR9663过表达植株的tae-miR9663表达丰度下降,说明BSMV-VIGS技术可通过过表达STTM有效地沉默内源miRNA。成熟种子大小观察结果表明,与BSMV:00比较,接种BSMV:STTM-tae-miR9663的植株种子的长和宽均减小。     

一株对玉米螟高毒力的苏云金芽孢杆菌的鉴定及其杀虫活性

从田间土壤中收集并分离获得野生菌株,进行菌体、伴孢晶体形态学观察及分子生物学鉴定,测定其对玉米螟及水稻二化螟的室内生物活性。结果表明,该菌株革兰氏染色阳性,产生的伴孢晶体形状多为不规则形。16S rDNA序列与苏云金芽孢杆菌属的BMB 171同源性达99%,鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌,命名为JN002。该菌株对亚洲玉米螟具有较高毒力,对水稻二化螟毒性不及玉米螟,对黏虫几乎无毒力。该菌株是1株对亚洲玉米螟具有较强毒力的苏云金芽孢杆菌新菌株,同时也具备防治水稻二化螟的潜力。     

TFDG对IL-1β体外诱导大鼠软骨细胞炎性损伤的保护作用研究

体外分离培养SD雄性大鼠膝关节软骨细胞,经甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原(Col Ⅱ)免疫荧光染色鉴定后,加入白介素-1β(IL-1β)诱导建立骨关节炎(OA)细胞模型,探讨茶黄素双没食子酸酯(TFDG)对OA软骨细胞的保护作用。细胞形态观察发现TFDG能明显改善OA软骨细胞形态。实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)结果显示,TFDG不仅可以上调软骨细胞分子标志物Col Ⅱ mRNA的表达,还可以下调炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6mRNA的表达。酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测结果进一步表明TFDG可明显降低炎症因子的分泌。免疫印迹(Western blot)检测结果证明,TFDG预干扰可降低炎症诱导酶环氧化酶COX-2蛋白表达量。这些结果说明TFDG通过减弱炎症反应,从而对IL-1β体外诱导大鼠软骨细胞炎性损伤起到保护作用。     

有效防治甜菜夜蛾的Bt毒素种类及其应用前景

甜菜夜蛾对不同种类Bt毒素的敏感性存在差异。归纳总结了可有效防治甜菜夜蛾的Bt毒素种类、作用效果,并简述其应用前景,以期为提高Bt毒素对甜菜夜蛾控制力度提供依据。