新型饲料添加剂番茄红素的作用与展望

番茄红素(Lycopene)是一种重要的类胡萝卜素,呈红色,作为一种天然色素存在于自然界中,因最早于番茄中发现而得名,主要存在于番茄、西瓜、葡萄及柑橘等水     

Isolation and Identification of Enterococcus faecalis from Fur-bearing Animals

In order to obtain Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals and evaluate its prebiotic properties,in this study,Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the feces of healthy adult fur-bearing animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog),identified by morphological observation,biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The growth curve,acid production capacity and antibiotic sensitivity of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates were measured to evaluate their probiotic properties.Some strains were selected to determine their tolerance to temperature,artificial gastric juice and artificial bile salt.The results showed that five strains were Gram-positive,and their biochemical characteristics were basically consistent with the standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis,and they were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The five strains all entered the logarithmic phase at 2 h after culture,and entered the stable phase at 8-10 h,and had weak acid production capacity.The resistance rate of the isolates to tetracycline and levofloxacin was 100%,followed by penicillin (80%),erythromycin (80%),gentamicin (80%) and chloramphenicol (40%).All the isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis from mink,fox and raccoon dog had strong tolerance to temperature below 60 ℃,artificial gastric juice with pH>3.0 and 0.3%-0.5% concentration of bile salt,but poor tolerance to temperature above 70 ℃,and artificial gastric juice with pH<3.0.In conclusion,five strains of Enterococcus faecalis from fur animals (mink,fox,raccoon dog) were obtained in this study.The isolated strains propagated rapidly,which were suitable for colonization and played a prebiotic role in fur animals' intestines,and had good prebiotic characteristics and stress resistance.They could be used as candidate strains for animal microbiological agents for further study.     

Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes from Tibetan Pigs

In order to understand the infection of Staphylococcus disease in healthy Tibetan pigs in Linzhi city,Tibet.232 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse in Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi city,Tibet,the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,and the slaughterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city.These samples were isolated,cultured and identified,and one isolated strain was systematically studied for biological characteristics.Epidemiological survey results showed that 73 of 232 samples were positive for Staphylococcus,the positive rate was 31.47%,16 positive samples were detected in the slaughterhouse of Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi,Tibet,with a detection rate of 23.89%(16/67),43 positive samples were detected in the pastures of the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 34.40% (43/125),14 positive samples were detected in the slanghterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 35.00% (14/40).Through PCR identification,gene sequencing and biochemical identification,5 strains of Staphylococcus chromogenes were isolated,and one of them (Sa LZ1) was studied systematically.The biological characteristics of the isolated strains showed that the Sa LZ1 strain formed round white convex colonies on the agar medium,with regular edges,smooth surfaces,and opaque white colonies.The isolates were Gram-positive cocci bacteria.PCR sequencing results showed that the isolate had the highest homology with Staphylococcus chromogenes (GenBank accession No.:MG576253.1),positive for serum inulin,manicol,glucose,saccharose,lactose,negative for arabinose,sodium hippurate,raffinose,xylose,urea,etc,consistent with the biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes.The logarithmic growth period of isolated bacteria was 5 to 10 h.The pathogenicity test of mice showed that the mortality rate of mice reached 100% when the concentration of Sa LZ1 strain reached 3.5×10⁹ CFU/mL.And the results of pathological section showed that Sa LZ1 strain could cause the visceral tissue of mice to develop pathological changes.The above results provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Staphylococcus suis in Linzhi,Tibet.     

反刍动物采食量测定方法的研究进展

在单位时间内反刍动物实际采食的饲草(料)数量称为反刍动物的采食量。据研究发现,反刍动物的采食过程是一个动态的过程,是由生物和非生物因素共同、相互的影响过程。准确地计算和测定反刍动物的采食量,是制定反刍动物的良好的营养方案的基础;是确定其补饲的重要依据。研究反刍动物的采食量对整个畜牧产业有重要的作用。本文对反刍动物在自由进食状态下的采食量的影响因素进行了阐述,并对其采食量的测定方法进行了深入的探讨和研究。     

山羊痘病毒的分离鉴定及生物学特性的研究

本研究对2003年广西部分地区山羊群发生的疑似山羊痘进行了病毒分离鉴定及生物特性的研究。取疑似山羊痘病羊的皮肤丘疹、水泡或脓泡组织的病毒悬液，接种初生羔羊睾丸细胞观察到明显的细胞病变，免疫荧光试验结果显示，病毒能与山羊痘标准阳性血清反应，在感染的细胞浆内发出特异性的黄绿色荧光。病毒悬液接种乳鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、兔子都未发病，而接种3月龄山羊则出现典型的山羊痘症状和病理变化，接种9～10日龄鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜，未见出现痘斑，连传3代，均无异常变化。通过病理组织学观察可以看到在细胞浆内有大小不一圆形或椭圆形的包涵体，在电子显微镜下可以观察到150nm～300nm大小，卵圆形、砖形，有囊膜的病毒颗粒。利用一对山羊痘病毒P32基因引物进行了PCR扩增，将所得序列与GenBank收录的5株山羊痘病毒P32基因的核苷酸及氨基酸序列比较分析。结果与疫苗株的同源性分别为99．8％和99．4％。与国外其它毒株的同源性为99．6％和98、8％～99．4％。研究结果表明，所分离的病毒为山羊痘病毒，在生物学特性上与资料记载存在一定的差异，P32基因与疫苗毒和国外毒株之间同源性非常高。将该毒株命名为山羊痘病毒LiuJiang／2003株。     

奶牛常用饲料干物质和淀粉瘤胃降解规律的研究

以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳前期荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物，在精粗比为55：45的日粮条件下，采用Insacco法测定了奶牛常用饲料瘤胃内干物质和淀粉的降解规律。试验结果表明。不同饲料干物质和淀粉的降解率不同。能量饲料中，麸皮干物质和淀粉的瘤胃降解率高于玉米：蛋白质饲料中，干物质和淀粉的降解率由高到低顺序依次是豆粕〉胡麻饼〉棉粕：常用粗料中，玉米青贮干物质和淀粉的降解率均高于青干草。     

北京鸭胰液分泌昼夜变化规律研究

为了研究北京鸭的胰腺外分泌的昼夜变化规律,通过肠-胰(第一胰管)瘘管,全天分8个时间段收集胰液,分别测定胰液的分泌量、胰液pH值、总蛋白含量、HCO3-浓度、胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶活性。结果显示北京鸭的胰液是一种具有较大缓冲容量的缓冲溶液,为各种消化酶提供了适合的酸碱环境。胰液中的各种消化酶的变化规律各异,和饲喂之间的关系不明显。     

脱落酸、水杨酸和草酸诱导苹果叶片脯氨酸积累的效应

 以3年生盆栽红富士(Malus domestica Borkh. ) /湖北海棠〔Malus hupehensis (Pamp) Rehd. 〕为试材, 研究了脱落酸、水杨酸和草酸预处理对叶片脯氨酸的诱导作用, 结果表明, 预处理第2天, 自然干旱效果还不明显时, 水杨酸预处理就使叶片脯氨酸含量提高了7.87%; 自然干旱、脱落酸、水杨酸和草酸预处理至第9天, 叶片脯氨酸含量较对照分别提高了96.30%、110.67%、135.12%和115.96%; 预处理9 d后停止供水至第5天时, 叶片瞬时水分利用效率分别提高了286.77%、75.76%、79.04%和100.44% ,脯氨酸含量也明显提高; 停止供水至第10天时, 脯氨酸含量分别提高了5.33%、262.76%、92.32%和0。综合比较显示, 自然干旱、脱落酸、水杨酸和草酸预处理都可以通过提高叶片脯氨酸含量和水分利用效率而增强苹果的抗旱性, 其中脱落酸的效果最好, 其次是水杨酸, 草酸效果持续时间比较短。     

Mechanism of therapeutic effect of QingKaiLing-ingredient combination on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

AIM:To elucidate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of QingKaiLing (QKL)-ingredient combination on cerebral ischemia. METHODS:Rat focal brain ischemia reperfusion injury was produced by occlusion in the middle cerebral artery. MRI and histological analysis were used to evaluate the brain injury induced by ischemia and the attenuations by the drugs including QKL-ingredient combination and the positive control nimodipine. In situ hybridization was used to measure the expression of BDNF mRNA in the brain. RESULTS:A significant neuroprotective effect was observed in the QKL-ingredient combination treatment group, which was superior to that in the nimodipine treatment group. The expression of BDNF mRNA in the brain was also significantly up-regulated by the QKL-ingredient combination treatment in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. CONCLUSION:The QKL ingredients show a neuro-protective effect, the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of BDNF in the brain.     

Detection and analyses of coagulation and fibrolysis factor mRNA levels in tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma patients

AIM:To detect the mRNA expression of tissue factor (TF), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) in the samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent tissue, and to elucidate their association with clinical significance. METHODS:The mRNA levels of TF, u-PA and u-PAR in 27 human HCC tissue samples with their adjacent tissue samples and 27 normal liver tissues were detected by RT-PCR. The relationship between the mRNA expression and their clinic-pathological data were also analyzed. RESULTS:The expressive rate of TF, uPA and uPAR in HCC tissue samples was 62.96% (17/27), 70.37% (19/27), 77.78% (21/27), respectively and relative expression intensity of TF, uPA and uPAR were 0.567±0.268, 0.964±0.458 and 0.784±0.322, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissue group and normal liver group (P<0.05). TF, uPA and uPAR mRNA levels were all significantly higher in larger size and in the invasive and metastatic subgroup (P<0.05). There had positive relationship between the mRNA expressions of these three factors. CONCLUSION:The results indicate that TF, uPA and uPAR might play an important role in hepatic carcinogenesis, invasiveness and metastasis.