肉鸡玉米型日粮添加高剂量植酸酶对其养分利用的影响

文章旨在研究肉鸡饲粮中植酸酶水平从1000 FTU/kg(行业推荐水平)提高到2500 FTU/kg(超剂量水平)对肉鸡养分回肠表观消化率系数和氮平衡校正表观代谢能值的影响。试验选择360只1日龄雄性肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只肉鸡。试验1~14 d饲喂基础日粮(前期料),在15~21 d期间饲喂3种日粮,即正对照日粮(不含植酸酶)、负对照日粮(1000 FTU/kg植酸酶),植酸酶组日粮(2500 FTU/kg植酸酶)。负对照组日粮除钙和非植酸磷含量降低1.80 g/kg和1.50 g/kg外,其余营养指标均与正对照组日粮相同。结果显示,正对照组日粮的总能和粗蛋白质回肠表观消化系数显著高于负对照组(P <0.05)。正对照组日粮中淀粉、钙、磷的回肠表观消化系数与负对照组日粮无显著差异(P> 0.05)。正对照组日粮的氮校正表观代谢能显著低于负对照组日粮(13.34 MJ/kg和14.46 MJ/kg,P <0.05)。负对照组日粮中植酸酶水平从1000 FTU/kg升高至2500 FTU/kg,导致总能和粗蛋白质回肠表观消化系数分别升高2.5%和7.1%(P <0.05),且磷有显著升高的趋势(10.4%,P=0.08)。此外,负对照组日粮中植酸酶水平从1000 FTU/kg升高至2500 FTU/kg时对淀粉回肠表观消化系数和日粮的氮校正表观代谢能值无显著影响(P> 0.05)。综上所述,日粮超剂量植酸酶水平(≥2500 FTU/kg)在改善玉米能量、蛋白质和磷在回肠消化率的效率要优于肉鸡行业推荐水平。     

基因2型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的遗传变异与演化

作为一种RNA病毒,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)极易变异,具有快速演化且易与其他毒株发生重组的特性,不同PRRSV毒株又存在着明显的致病性表型差异,异源毒株间交叉保护较差,这也是迄今为止PRRSV未得到有效控制的最主要的原因之一,PRRSV给全球养猪业带来了不可估量的经济损失。自上世纪80年代发现以来,基因2型PRRSV不断变异与演化,根据ORF5基因遗传进化分析,其被划分为9个谱系,我国主要以谱系1,3,5,8为主。本文从自然流行毒株、疫苗演化毒株、重组毒株3个方面对基因2型PRRSV的遗传变异与演化进行了综述,以期为PRRSV分子流行病学的研究及其免疫防控提供参考依据。     

鸡组织滴虫病PCR病原学诊断方法的建立

为建立鸡组织滴虫(H.meleagridis)的PCR检测方法,本研究以确诊的感染火鸡组织滴虫的阳性鸡的肝组织DNA为模板,设计针对18S rRNA基因高度保守的特异性引物,建立组织滴虫病的PCR诊断方法。敏感性试验显示阳性样品组织DNA的最低检出限为4 ng/μL。特异性试验表明与其他常见鸡寄生虫的DNA样品均无交叉反应。该PCR方法对临床样品的检出率为100%,与组织病理学诊断结果符合率为100%。该诊断方法敏感、特异,可以用于组织滴虫病的临床诊断。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定猪尿中的赛庚啶

建立了猪尿中赛庚啶的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱的测定方法。猪尿样品经酸化,混合型阳离子交换固相柱萃取后,以超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定,外标法定量。本方法的测定线性范围为0.2～5.0μg/L,在0.2、0.4、2.0μg/L低、中、高三个浓度的回收率为80%～120%,批内、批间精密度小于20%。本方法简便、快速、灵敏,经实际样品分析,适用于猪尿中赛庚啶的定量测定和确证。     

碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿生长的影响

为研究碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿幼苗生长的影响,试验以龙牧801紫花苜蓿为供试品种,将前期从碱蓬根内(JG1)、根际土壤(JT4)和茎内(JJ5)筛选出的具有较强耐盐碱胁迫能力的根际及内生细菌菌株接种于苜蓿幼苗根部。接菌1周后将中性盐(NaCl、Na₂SO₄)和碱性盐(NaHCO₃、Na₂CO₃)按NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶NaHCO₃∶Na₂CO₃=9∶1∶1∶9混合,并设置0、100、150、200 mmol·L^-1盐碱浓度溶液浇灌苜蓿幼苗根部,进行盐碱胁迫处理。分析盐碱胁迫下碱蓬根际及内生细菌菌株对苜蓿生长及生理的影响,并通过隶属函数和主成分分析综合评价碱蓬根际和内生细菌菌株对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿生长的影响。结果表明:3株促生细菌均能缓解盐碱胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长的抑制作用,促进紫花苜蓿生长,不同促生细菌对盐碱胁迫下苜蓿促生效果为JT4>...     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒2b基因的克隆和原核表达

根据GenBank中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)美洲株2b基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,经RT-PCR从PRRSV中扩增出222 bp的片段,并克隆至pMD18-T,连接到pGEX-4T-1表达载体,将阳性重组质粒pGEX-4T-2b转化到BL21(DE3),对诱导后的表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blotting分析,所得重组蛋白的分子质量大小为35 ku,与预期结果相同,且具有良好的免疫学活性。     

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax protein after acute myocardial infarction and late reperfusion in dogs

AIM: To study the effect of late reperfusion on apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the risk area of acute myocardial infarctin in dogs. METHODS: The experiment was divided into three groups: sham operation group, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group, and late reperfusion (LR) group. Apart from sham operation group, the other two groups were subjected to left anterior descending branch of coronary artery ligation. The acute myocardial infarction group was only subjected to ligation for 12 hours, late reperfusion group was subjected to ligation for 6 hours following by 6 hours of reperfusion. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in late reperfusion group was much less than acute myocardial infarction group (P<0.05), and increased significantily as compared with sham operation group (P<0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 protein was enhanced gently in late reperfusion group in contrast to acute myocardial infarction group, but no significant difference in the two groups (P>0.05) was observed, although it was much more in the two groups than that in sham operation group (P<0.01). The expression of Bax protein in late reperfusion group was much higher than that in sham operation group (P<0.01), and was lower than that in acute myocardial infarction group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Late reperfusion reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the risk area of acute myocardial infarction. The mechanism may be that late reperfusion can decrease the expression of Bax protein.     

Study on the Virulence Gene Distribution and Genetic Evolution of Cattle Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Isolates

This study was aimed to understand the relationship of virulence gene distribution and genetic evolution between cattle originated Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and human originated enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157. This experiment collected 18 strains STEC in a dairy farm from Jiangsu province and 9 STEC reference strains (human, sheep, swine and avian), according to the method of U.S. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control Center (PulseNet), using the XbaⅠ enzyme digestion and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, virulence genes were detected in some STEC isolates. The virulence gene distribution of O157 from different origin was remarkably different. The cattle originated STEC O157 and the human originated EHEC O157:H7 (EDL933W) had the most similar virulence gene distribution. In contrast, virulence genes were lack in cattle STEC O18 and O26, even though the cattle STEC O18 and O26 had the similar genotype as human EHEC O157:H7 (EDL933W). PFGE of Xba Ⅰ digested chromosomal DNA from 27 isolates of STEC exhibited 22 profiles. In general,the Dice coefficients of different originated STEC ranged from 72% to 100%.Cattle STEC O157 had a high similarity with two strains of human originated EHEC O157, while a low similarity was demonstrated between cattle STEC O157 and STEC O157 of swine and avian. The Dice coefficients of the cattle STEC O157 and the two strains of human EHEC O157 ranged from 83% to 95%. The Dice coefficients of cattle STEC O26 (Ⅶ,Ⅷ) and the two strains of human EHEC O157 were more than 82%. Therefore, it was concluded that the cattle STEC O157 and human EHEC O157 had a closer relationship in terms of virulence gene distribution and in genetic evolution.     

阿胶化学成分及药理作用研究进展

阿胶是由用驴皮加工制作而成的一味传统中药,具有补血止血、滋阴润肺的功效。随着科技进步,近年涌现了大量有关阿胶成分和药效作用的报道。为了便于了解阿胶及其功效,论文对相关的研究报道进行了概述。探讨了阿胶的组成成分和主要的药效成分,重点介绍了阿胶止血、补血,抑瘤增效,提高免疫力等方面的作用和药理机制,特别是总结了阿胶补血作用机制的不同观点,以期为阿胶的进一步研究与开发利用提供依据。     

小鼠附植前胚胎超薄切片的琼脂糖预包埋制备方法

将小鼠附植前胚胎分别经戊二醛一锇酸固定后,采取琼脂糖预包埋法使胚胎凝聚成团,然后对含胚胎的琼脂糖块进行脱水、渗透和包埋。结果显示,Epon812包埋块中的胚胎排列紧密,半薄切片胚胎的整体形态完整,胚胎超微结构保存良好。说明琼脂糖预包埋法是制备小鼠附植前胚胎超薄切片的有效方法。