鸡败血支原体pMGA多基因家族及其免疫逸机制的研究进展

pMGA多基因家族主要编码一类黏附素／血凝素蛋白，存在于鸡败血支原体的细胞表面，其主要功能是促进支原体黏附到宿主细胞上。近年来的相关研究发现，编码pMGA的基因数量从32－70不等，主要转录水平上通过（GAA）n 基序的数量改变引发pMGA基因的选择性转录，造成pMGA的抗原发生变异，从而干扰宿主正常免疫功能的发挥，使支原体对宿主产生严重的免疫逃逸。其中，（GAA）n基序已被证实在pMGA基因表达调控中起重要作用，这一三联体重复基序数目的多少直接影响到pMGA基因的ON／OFF不，本文通过对鸡败血支原体pMGA多基因家分子生物学研究进展浅要综述，以提出pMGA基因可能的转录调控机制，这对研究鸡败血支原体的分子致病机理及其免疫机制大有裨益。     

鸡X期胚盘细胞电转染外源基因条件的探索

以EGFP为报告基因体外电穿孔转染鸡X期胚盘细胞,探讨适宜电转染条件以及影响鸡ES细胞存活率和转染率因素。分离鸡X期胚盘细胞进行培养、传代及鉴定,二代细胞设定不同的电压、脉冲时间、质粒浓度、细胞密度及孵育温度等条件转染。电击后10 min,0.4%台盼蓝染色,血细胞计数板计数,计算存活率。48 h后在荧光显微镜下计绿色荧光细胞数和总细胞数,计算转染率。结果表明:电转染鸡ES细胞的最优化电压为280 v,脉冲时间为75μs,质粒浓度为20μg/mL,转染前4℃、转染后25℃(室温)或4℃各静置10 min,细胞密度调整在1×105个/mL×106个/mL,尽量使细胞处于对数生长期。电穿孔法转染鸡ES细胞是简便有效的方法,利用优化条件转染ES细胞,可以满足进一步实验的要求。     

蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒对波尔山羊种公羔生长及血液、组织硒含量的比较

[目的]为了研究纳米硒(nano-selenium)和蛋氨酸硒(methionine-selenitim)对种公羊羔羊生长发育以及血液、组织中硒的沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响.[方法]试验选用体重相近的30只种用波尔山羊断奶公羔随机分3组,每组10个重复,预试2周,正试12周,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组);基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg纳米硒;基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒(以硒浓度计算).每隔4周采血样一次,试验结束时,每组随机屠宰羔羊3只测量组织硒浓度.[结果]不同的硒源和一定浓度的硒对公羔生长发育影响不显著(P>0.05);添加蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒的公羔组织器官,血清,全血硒含量以及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加组之问差异不显著.[结论]统计结果表明,纳米硒和蛋氨酸硒与对照相比都能有效地增加血液、组织中硒的沉积,添加纳米硒组羔羊硒沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性稍高于蛋氨酸硒组,羔羊添加纳米硒更易于硒的吸收和沉积.     

Bacteriological and molecular typing of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated in retail beef in Beijing,China

Clostridium perfringens is an important zoonotic pathogen. This study was designed to explore the prevalence and toxin types of C. perfringens in retail beef collected from Beijing, China. Among 221 beef samples collected, 53 samples were positive for C. perfringens, resulting in the average prevalence as 23.98%. By toxin gene-based typing, the most C. perfringens strains belong to type A (96.23%, 51/53), only 2 strains were identified as type D. By a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)-based analysis, a total of 36 sequence types (STs) were detected, and the most STs (n=30) represented just a single strain. These finding suggested that the prevalence of C. perfringens in retail beef in Beijing was considerably high and these bacteria displayed extreme diversity in genetics.     

草原生态服务价值计量方法的研究

在对草原生态服务系统详细分类的基础上,针对草原生态系统提供的生态服务功能类型的不同以及各种具体计量方法适用范围的不同,总结出适合不同草原生态服务价值的机会成本法、影子工程法、市场价值法和旅行费用法等计量方法。     

青虾的虾苗培育及其稻田养殖技术

报道了青虾的虾苗培育和捕捞技术及青虾稻田养殖的具体技术和应注意的问题。     

免疫抑制剂作用机理的研究进展

20世纪以来,科技工作者对硫唑嘌呤、咪唑立宾、环孢素等免疫抑制剂的作用机理进行了大量研究,本文综述了近年来用于临床或处于临床试验阶段的免疫抑制药物的作用机理研究进展.     

广西山羊蓝舌病血清学调查及流行区域分布的影响因素分析

为了解广西地区山羊蓝舌病(BT)流行现状,本研究采用免疫扩散试验对采自广西11个地区的3 646份山羊血清进行BT血清学调查,结果表明,广西地区山羊群普遍存在BT感染,并且血清阳性率存在地域性差异,阳性率为6.3%～45.1%,平均阳性率为20.5%。对不同生长阶段山羊的血清阳性率进行统计,结果显示成年羊的阳性率高于羔羊,分别为22.1%和17.4%,这可能与成年羊接触媒介昆虫的机会较多有关。对BT流行区域分布与地理位置和气候等自然因素之间的相关性分析表明,广西山羊BT血清阳性率与地理位置有一定相关性,与年平均气温显著相关,与年平均降雨量无显著相关性,由此可见,地理位置和气温是BT流行病学的影响因素。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)对罗斯308肉鸡抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响。试验选用1日龄罗斯308肉鸡216羽,随机分为2组,每组设3个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中添加B.subtilis105CFU/g。饲养试验期为42d。结果表明:与对照组相比,处理组肉鸡日增重提高了12.20%(P0.05),血清与肝脏的总抗氧化能力(P0.05)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.01)显著增加;血清中丙二醛(MDA)、NO及肝脏中MDA水平(P0.05)显著降低。此外,日粮中添加B.subtilis显著提高了肉鸡胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和血清中IgG水平(P0.05),而对脾脏指数及血清中溶菌酶、白介素-2、肿瘤坏死因子-α等指标无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加适量B.subtilis可通过提高肉鸡的抗氧化与免疫功能而改善其生长性能。     

Study on Synergistic Effect of VA5 Immunopotentiator on Pigeon NDV Inactivated Vaccine

This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of VA5 immunopotentiator on pigeon ND4416 inactivated vaccine.160 healthy pigeons were randomly divided into four groups,including ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine group (NDV group),ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine and immunopotentiator (VA5) mixed group (NDV+VA5 group),La Sota inactivated vaccine group (La Sota group) and normal saline as the control group (C group),to assess their vaccine efficacy against virulent pigeon NDV by serological analysis and animal testing.Pigeons sera were collected at different time points after immunization and measured the HI antibody titer of each group.The results showed that VA5 immunopotentiator significantly improved the serum antibody level of pigeons immunized with pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine (P<0.05).In addition,comparative test of spleen lymphocyte transformation was conducted at various time points after immunization.The results indicated that VA5 effectively stimulated the lymphocyte transformation of immune pigeon.Pigeons in each groups were challenged with ND4416 strain at the 30th,90th and 180th d after immunization.The results presented that the NDV+VA5 group had 100% protection rate and higher than La Sota group.The duration of immunization test showed that the antibody titer of NDV+VA5 group reached peak 11.20log₂ at the 21st d,remained 7.50log₂ at 180th d,and the protection rate remained 100% at 180th d.It indicated that VA5 immunopotentiator sustained the immune duration of pigeon NDV vaccine up to 180 d.Moreover,the in vitro detoxification test results suggested that VA5 immunopotentiator reduced the in vitro detoxification cycle of pigeons after challenge.Overall,this study suggested VA5 immunopotentiator could significantly improve the immune efficacy of pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine,which provided a basis for further enhancing the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine,as well increased experimental data for the application of immunopotentiators.