农牧交错区枯草期绵羊对补饲物采食行为研究

东北农牧交错区与牧区畜牧业生产不同,其中一个重要的不同点就是农牧交错区具有多种农副产品,这些农副产品在枯草期成为家畜丰富的干物质来源。而这些农副产品由于所含蛋白、纤维、口感等存在很大差异,因而家畜对其有不同的采食行为。对10种东北农牧交错区枯草期最主要的补饲物进行家畜采食行为的试验,为家畜的日常补饲及管理提供参考资料。结果表明:绿豆秸秆、葵盘、葵叶、羊草、玉米叶为补饲物的首选。     

多花木蓝和二色胡枝子种子硬实特性与活力关系的研究

将多花木蓝和二色胡枝子种子在恒温25℃下吸胀,每24 h取出吸胀种子,14 d后未吸胀的种子为硬实种子(H)。硬实种子切破种皮后吸胀24 h,与非硬实种子进行发芽试验和各项活力指标测定。结果显示,每日内吸胀的种子数量随时间推移以一定的比例下降,多花木蓝种子吸胀相对缓慢,第5天以后吸胀率降到1%以下,胡枝子种子第3天以后吸胀率就降到1%以下。2种牧草种子都显示出硬实种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数、脱氢酶活性、酸性磷酸酯酶活性均高于非硬实种子,而电导率值、浸出液可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量低于非硬实种子,这表明硬实种子的活力高于非硬实种子。而非硬实种子中,根据以上各活力指标判断,晚吸胀的种子比早吸胀的种子活力高。     

Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs

Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose ¹⁵N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W^0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x² + 2.12x − 5.14 (r² = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x² − 4.10x + 32.25 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10^− 3x² + 1.31x − 122.28 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism.     

我国畜牧科技信息资源的建设与利用

近年来，我国畜牧业信息化建设取得了长足进展，信息收集、研究、分析和发布体系已经初步形成，从而加强了以市场信息为重点的畜牧业经济信息资源的开发力度，畜牧生产、经营和管理领域应用现代信息技术的水平得到了极大的提高。但随着信息化进程的加快，信息资源的建设愈来愈成为畜牧业信息化发展的瓶颈。     

甲醛处理豆粕对蛋白质瘤胃降解及活体外瘤胃发酵的影响

通过尼龙袋试验和产气量试验研究甲醛处理大豆粕对瘤胃蛋白质降解率、产气量和活体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响。3个处理分别为对照组、处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ,其中处理Ⅰ、处理Ⅱ的甲醛添加量分别占大豆粕粗蛋白质(CP)0.6%和1.2%。研究结果表明:与对照组相比,处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ的干物质及蛋白质的降解率及降解速度显著下降(P<0.001),快速降解组分的比例和有效降解率显著下降,慢速降解组分比例显著提高(P<0.001),但两处理组之间干物质降解速度和蛋白质慢速降解组分比例均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅱ的72h产气量和理论最大产气量均显著升高(P<0.001),而产气速度显著降低(P<0.005);甲醛处理对活体外瘤胃72h发酵的pH值、NH3-N浓度没有显著影响(P>0.05),但发酵液中丙酸摩尔比例显著上升(P<0.05),从而导致乙酸/丙酸降低。两个处理组活体外24h发酵液中甲醛浓度分别为0.994μg/mL和0.370μg/mL;而72h发酵液中甲醛浓度分别为0.410μg/mL和0.141μg/mL。本试验结论:甲醛处理能有效降低蛋白质在瘤胃内的降解率,并改善活体外发酵参数,其中甲醛添加量以占0.6%CP的处理更为有效。     

"九州意蜂"品系选育及生产性能试验的研究

以安徽本地意蜂为育种素材,通过系统选育与定向选育,采用闭锁集团繁育与蜜蜂人工授精技术,选育出九州意蜂品种配套系,该品种配套系蜂王日有效产卵量高,春繁速度快,群势强,越夏越冬效果好,适应安徽地区生态环境和蜜粉源条件,具有蜂蜜高产、蜂王浆高产、蜂蜜和蜂王浆双高产的生产性能。其“中九州1号”(Eg1)属于蜂蜜高产型优良蜂种,同一花期蜂蜜产量明显高于本地意蜂(E(a)P﹤0.01),“九州2号”(Eg2)属于王浆高产型优良蜂种,同一花期王浆产量明显高于本地意蜂(E(a)P﹤0.01),10-HDA含量最高达2.14;水分、蛋白质、酸度基本接近,“九州3号”(Eg3)属于蜂蜜、王浆双高产型优良蜂种,同一花期蜂蜜、王浆产量均明显高于本地意蜂(E(a)P﹤0.01),适应于现代养蜂生产。     

蒙古马血液蛋白(酶)多态性研究

研究分别对乌珠穆沁马、乌审马、锡尼河马和巴尔虎马4个蒙古马类群共计221匹马的运铁蛋白（Tf）、前白蛋白（Pr）、血清酯酶（Es）、白蛋白（ALb）、碳酸酐酶（CA）、α1-B糖蛋白（A1B）、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（PGD）、VD结合蛋白（GC）8个蛋白座位进行检测。群体遗传变异指标计算结果表明,4个类群蒙古马8个蛋白（酶）座位的平均杂合度为：锡尼河马0.3783,巴尔虎马0.3666,乌珠穆沁马0.3296,乌审马0.3056。根据基因频率计算Nei氏遗传距离进行分析。结果表明,巴尔虎马和锡尼河马之间的遗传距离最近,它们与乌珠穆沁马、乌审马的遗传距离相对较远。     

椰心叶甲的天敌——椰心叶甲啮小蜂在田间扩散距离测定

采用软皮尺实地丈量,使用OP3000水准仪测量和使用地球定位仪———Gps72测定椰心叶甲的天敌———椰心叶甲啮小蜂在田间释放后的扩散距离及向上扩散的高度。结果表明:椰心叶甲啮小蜂在田间有一定的向周边扩散能力,在田间释放后20d,啮小蜂可向周边扩散10~50m。7个月后,最远可扩散6 km。扩散距离与风向有关,东北风较多情况下,向西南扩散最远距离可达6060 m,向东北方向扩散仅仅890 m。啮小蜂在田间扩散呈椭圆形状向各方向扩散,顺风面扩散距离远、范围较大。     

Study on Synergistic Effect of VA5 Immunopotentiator on Pigeon NDV Inactivated Vaccine

This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of VA5 immunopotentiator on pigeon ND4416 inactivated vaccine.160 healthy pigeons were randomly divided into four groups,including ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine group (NDV group),ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine and immunopotentiator (VA5) mixed group (NDV+VA5 group),La Sota inactivated vaccine group (La Sota group) and normal saline as the control group (C group),to assess their vaccine efficacy against virulent pigeon NDV by serological analysis and animal testing.Pigeons sera were collected at different time points after immunization and measured the HI antibody titer of each group.The results showed that VA5 immunopotentiator significantly improved the serum antibody level of pigeons immunized with pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine (P<0.05).In addition,comparative test of spleen lymphocyte transformation was conducted at various time points after immunization.The results indicated that VA5 effectively stimulated the lymphocyte transformation of immune pigeon.Pigeons in each groups were challenged with ND4416 strain at the 30th,90th and 180th d after immunization.The results presented that the NDV+VA5 group had 100% protection rate and higher than La Sota group.The duration of immunization test showed that the antibody titer of NDV+VA5 group reached peak 11.20log₂ at the 21st d,remained 7.50log₂ at 180th d,and the protection rate remained 100% at 180th d.It indicated that VA5 immunopotentiator sustained the immune duration of pigeon NDV vaccine up to 180 d.Moreover,the in vitro detoxification test results suggested that VA5 immunopotentiator reduced the in vitro detoxification cycle of pigeons after challenge.Overall,this study suggested VA5 immunopotentiator could significantly improve the immune efficacy of pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine,which provided a basis for further enhancing the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine,as well increased experimental data for the application of immunopotentiators.     

Research Progress of Canine Coronavirus and Feline Coronavirus

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) and feline coronavirus (FCoV) belong to α-genus coronavirus of coronavirus family,porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) also belong to the same genus.Genetic evolution analysis showed that different genotype of the virus could produce new variant strains through gene recombination,which caused great obstacles to the diagnosis and control of the disease.β-genus coronaviruses include bovine coronavirus (BCoV),canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV).Among them,CRCoV has the highest homology with BCoV,but there are great differences in genomic structure,pathogenic mechanism and infection symptoms between this kind of coronavirus and α-coronavirus.CCoV and FCoV are widely spreading around the world,characterized by high morbidity and low mortality.Due to the characteristics of RNA virus and the influence of environmental selection pressure,the viruses continue to mutate and evolve,and new virulent strains appear one after another.The virulence of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is greatly enhanced,some specific point mutations in the virus genome change the cellular tropism against the host.The pathogenesis of the virus mainly depends on the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) induced by virus infection.The epidemiological investigation and prevention and control of CCoV and FCoV should not only rely on the single factor of vaccine immunity,but also comprehensively consider the virulence of the virus,environmental conditions,pet self-immune resistance, and so on.The identification of CCoV and FCoV should be based on clinical symptoms,combined with routine hematological examination,serum biochemical examination and laboratory diagnosis techniques to prevent false positive and false negative results.