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41.
潜在蒸散(ET0)对水资源评价和气候变化均具有重要意义。利用若尔盖湿地及其周边19个气象站1960—2015年逐日气象资料,根据辐射修正的Penman-Monteith模型计算了湿地潜在蒸散量,采用累积距平、Mann-Kendall检验、Pettitt检验、Theil-Sen趋势度、Hurst指数等方法分析了蒸散变化规律,并对蒸散影响因子进行了主成分分析。结果表明:(1)若尔盖湿地年ET0均值为625.3mm,并以4.89mm/10a的速率显著上升(p<0.01),四季ET0表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。年、秋、冬ET0分别在1968年(p<0.01),1997年(p<0.01),2003年(p<0.1)突变上升,春、夏两季未出现突变。(2)湿地年均ET0呈南部、东部边缘高、西北—东南一线较低的空间分布特征,且变化速率由东北向西南递减,其中西部班玛以北及南部马尔康、黑水之间地区ET0呈缓慢下降趋势。(3)湿地年ET0的Hurst指数在0.56~0.91间,主要呈四周高、中部低的空间分布规律。未来湿地ET0变化趋势以持续性增加为主,面积比例为96.88%。(4)气温上升是引起湿地ET0增加的最主要原因,其次是日照时数的增加和相对湿度的降低。净辐射、风速和降水量的减少引起的ET0减少被气温等其他因素作用所抵消。 相似文献
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深松处理对豫北农田土壤水分与作物耗水的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探索豫北潮土区冬小麦-夏玉米周年复种连作合理的深松技术指标,于2017—2018年在河南省获嘉县冬小麦播种前进行深松田间试验。采用2种深松机具(T,传统深松机; A,深松+施肥一体机),在传统深松机(T)上设置3个深松深度(D1,30 cm; D2,35 cm; D3,40 cm)和深松+施肥一体机(A)上设置1个深松深度(D2,35 cm),同时以常规旋耕(CK,平均耕作深度为15 cm)为对照,通过测定土壤容重、作物生育期内不同时间段的土壤含水率以及作物收获后的产量和产量性状,分析各深松处理对作物产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,深松方式能够改变土壤容重,显著降低豫北农田10~30 cm土层的土壤容重。不同深松处理可以显著影响土壤含水率,增加田间蓄水能力,周年0~100 cm土层贮水量两季作物不同处理由大到小依次为TD2、TD1、TD3、AD2、CK,且各处理较旋耕对照依次分别显著增加34. 9%、28. 9%、28. 5%、27. 0%(p 0. 05)。深松处理还可以显著增加作物的穗数和穗粒数,提高作物产量,各处理两季产量较旋耕对照平均增加8. 3%,且冬小麦的增产效应大于夏玉米。同时,深松还能较大幅度地提高冬小麦-夏玉米复种体系作物的水分利用效率,深松处理两季较旋耕对照平均提高12. 4%,并显著降低了作物的耗水量和耗水强度,其中以传统深松机深松40 cm处理的效果最优。因此,在冬小麦播种前深松,有利于土壤耕层合理构建,并提高作物产量和水分利用效率,对以旱作冬小麦-夏玉米复种体系为主的豫北地区有很高的推广价值。 相似文献
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JIN Bei-fang LU Qin-zhen ZHANG Yan CUI Ya-lan QIANG Zheng LIAO Man-xi TAN Hui-yuan LIU Fang 《园艺学报》2000,36(9):1625-1630
AIM To explore the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory response on kidney injury induced by hyperthyroidism in mice. METHODS Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group (n =20) and L-thyroxine (T4) group (n =20). The mice in T4 group were intraperitoneally injected with T4 diluent at a dose of 1 mg/kg to induce hyperthyroidism, and those in control group were injected with normal saline of the same volume. After 7 weeks, the mice were weighed and dissected, the kidneys were removed and weighed, and the length of tibia was also measured. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney tissues were detected. The pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed by HE staining. The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-modified proteins, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factor 6 (TRAF6) were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with control group, the body weight of the mice was decreased, while the kidney size and weight were increased significantly in T4 group. In addition, the ratios of kidney weight/body weight and kidney weight/tibia length were also increased (P <0.05). In T4 group, the renal tubules were enlarged, and the epithelial cells of renal tubules were swollen and exfoliated, with vacuolar degeneration. Furthermore, reduced SOD activity, and increased MDA content and 4-HNE-modified proteins were found in T4 group, all of which were related to oxidative stress (P <0.05). The levels of inflammation-related proteins IRAK1 and TRAF6 were significantly increased in T4 group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Excessive T4 may lead to kidney hypertrophy and injury in mice, and the mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. 相似文献
45.
YAN Xiao-cheng MU Wei-na QIANG Ye ZHAO Hui-chen SUN Qi YAO Xiao-min ZHANG Yu-chao LIU Yuan-tao 《园艺学报》2000,36(9):1661-1666
AIM To investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) epoxygenase/epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) pathway on insulin resistance in obese mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obesity model was established in C57BL/6Cnc mice, and the obese mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including obesity group (treated with saline; n =10), EET group (treated with 11,12-EET; n =10) and EET inhibitor 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (EEZE) group (n =10). Normal C57BL/6Cnc mice (n =10) treated with saline served as control. Protein expression of CYP2J2 (one of CYP450 epoxygenases) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was measured by Western blot. Vessel-like structure was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In obese mice, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were increased, the protein level of CYP2J2 was reduced, and the protein level of HIF-1α was increased in adipose tissues as compared with the controls (P <0.05). The serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly increased in obese mice (P <0.05). After treatment with 11, 12-EET, the HOMA-IR values were decreased compared with vehicle-treated obese mice, HIF-1α expression levels were decreased in the adipose tissue, and the serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced (P <0.05). Immunohistochemical results of adipose tissue from vehicle-treated obese mice showed a marked decrease in vessel-like structures (CD31-positive) compared with normal control mice (P <0.05). EET treatment significantly increased the newly formed vessel-like structures in the visceral adipose tissues of obese mice as compared with vehicle-treated obese mice (P <0.05). CONCLUSION High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance are closely related to the CYP450 pathway. Exogenous EETs effectively decrease obesity-induced insulin resistance possibly through pro-angiogenesis and attenuation of hypoxia and inflammation. 相似文献
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HOU Xiao-min ZHANG Ming-sheng ZHAO Liang-yuan QI Ding-ming QIN Xiao-jiang 《园艺学报》2017,33(10):1801-1805
AIM: To investigate the mechanism of quercetin improving rat coronary artery myogenic response under high glucose (HG) by measuring muscle tension of coronary arterial ring and recording voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv) current of coronary artery smooth muscle cells by whole cell patch clamp. METHODS: The coronary rings from the normal SD rats were acutely isolated, and then divided into 6 groups: (1) control group; (2) HG group; (3) HG+low dose (3 μmol/L) of quercetin group; (4) HG+moderate dose (10 μmol/L) of quercetin group; (5) HG+high dose (30 μmol/L) of quercetin group; (6) HG+C6303 (PKC inhibitor)+high dose of quercetin group. Determinations of coronary artery response to vasoconstrictor (60 mmol/L KCl or 0.1 mmol/L U46619) or vasodilator (ACh at 10-9~10-5 mol/L) were performed, and the percentage of coronary ring tension was calculated using the contraction as 100% caused by 60 mmol/L KCl. The rat coronary artery smooth muscle cells were acutely isolated for recording the Kv current using whole cell patch clamp. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the contraction amplitudes to 60 mmol/L KCl or 0.1 mmol/L U46619 were significantly increased under HG incubation. Quercetin intervention concentration-dependently reduced the coronary artery contraction amplitude. Incubation of PKC specific inhibitor C6303 attenuated the effect of quercetin. Compared with control group, the diastolic amplitude to ACh decreased significantly in HG group, and quercetin intervention concentration-dependently increased the coronary artery diastolic amplitude. Incubation of PKC specific inhibitor C6303 attenuated the effect of quercetin. Compared with control group, HG incubation inhibited Kv current of coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells significantly, and quercetin intervention attenuated the inhibitory effect of HG on Kv current intensity. Incubation of PKC specific inhibitor C6303 attenuated the effect of quercetin. CONCLUSION: Quercetin has a protective effect on myogenic response of coronary artery under HG and the effects is related to the increase in Kv current and the activation of PKC in vascular smooth muscle cells. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effect of farrerol (Far) on nicotine-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and further to explore its relationship with voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv) 1.5 and Kv2.1. METHODS:Firstly, the effect of nicotine on the proliferation of PASMCs was detected by cell counting method, and the optimal concentration of nicotine was selected. Primary cultured PASMCs were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group, nicotine (1 μmol/L)group, nicotine (1 μmol/L) + Far (10-6 mol/L, 10-5 mol/L and 10-4 mol/L) Far group. The activity of caspase-3 was measured by apoptosis kit, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1, and apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS:Nicotine at 1 μmol/L increased the number of PASMCs to the maximum extent (P<0.01). Nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly reduced the caspase-3 activity and enhanced the cell viability of the PASMCs (P<0.01). Farrerol at 10-6~10-4 mol/L eliminated the effect of PASMCs induced by nicotine in a concentration dependent manner. Compared with control group, nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly increased the proliferation and inhibited the apoptotic rate of rat PASMCs (P<0.01). The apoptotic rate of PASMCs in farrerol intervention group was significantly higher than that in nicotine group (P<0.01). Nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly inhibited the expression of Kv1.5, Kv2.1 and Bax but increased the expression of Bcl-2 in PASMCs (P<0.01). Farrerol at 10-5 mol/L obviously inhibited the effect of PASMCs induced by nicotine. CONCLUSION:Farrerol eliminates nicotine-induced inhibition of caspase-3 and Bax, and enhancement of Bcl-2 in PASMCs by enhancing Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 expression. 相似文献
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