施肥对南果梨叶片叶绿素含量及光合特性的影响

从高产施肥的角度,采用无土基质栽培的方式,研究了不同施肥处理对2a生南果梨树叶片的叶绿素含量和光合作用的影响。结果表明:叶片叶绿素含量在6月底至7月中旬以及果实膨大期会出现下降;随着施N、P肥量的增加而增加;随着施K肥量的增加呈先上升后又下降的趋势,叶绿素降解同时伴有红叶现象;这与前人研究和生产中诊断相一致。南果梨叶片叶绿素含量与净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用率之间变化趋势一致,而胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率变化趋势一致,且与前者相反。以叶绿素含量为基础,光合作用为目标条件,其适宜施肥配比为1∶0.48∶0.41,适宜施肥量分别为N:1.88g/盆、P2O5:0.9g/盆、K2O:0.75g/盆。     

不同基因型普通白菜对铬胁迫的生理响应及铬吸收差异

选用6种不同基因型的普通白菜,采用不同浓度铬处理,测定普通白菜铬吸收量及抗氧化酶活性变化。结果表明：不同基因型普通白菜对铬的吸收量及抗氧化酶活性存在差异。随铬处理浓度的增加,6个普通白菜品种生物量均下降;高浓度Cr³⁺ （250 mg•kg^-1）处理下,矮抗青和鸡毛菜铬转移率分别为0.19和0.18,低于绿秀（0.28）;铬在根部滞留较多,向地上部转移较少;矮抗青、黄心菜和鸡毛菜叶片中SOD、POD和CAT活性与对照相比增幅较大,高于绿秀、五月慢和七宝青。铬处理下矮抗青和鸡毛菜对铬的吸收量较少,抗氧化能力强,属于铬低积累品种。     

竹炭对室内甲醛的吸附性能试验

对用砖土窑、机械窑不同制法生成的竹炭、不同形状的竹炭(粉末、颗粒、片状)、不同竹炭用量对甲醛的吸附性能进行比较研究.结果表明:机械炉制成的竹炭吸附性能较砖土窑的好;粉末竹炭吸附性能最好,颗粒次之,片状的最差;竹炭用量大对甲醛的吸附量也大,但并非呈线性关系,随着用量的增加其对甲醛的吸附率增加逐渐趋缓.     

竹炭对养殖水净化效果研究

选取不同竹种、不同竹龄、不同炭化终点温度和不同炭化时间的竹炭,对鱼塘养殖水进行吸附净化处理,通过测试水的浊度、COD和氨氮去除率等指标研究竹炭对养殖水的净化效果.结果表明:用竹炭吸附后的水样的浊度、COD和氨氮等水质指标都有明显改善;毛竹炭对水质净化处理效果最理想,氨氮去除率达到90％以上;随着竹龄的增大,竹炭的净化处理效果增强,6年生的毛竹炭用于水质净化较适宜;不同炭化温度的竹炭对水质净化有选择性;炭化时间越长竹炭对鱼塘养殖水的吸附净化效果越好.     

正确使用安全标志 提高木工机械安全性能

介绍了木工机械安全标志的分类与形式,安全标志的尺寸及设置与安装;分析了安全标志在使用过程中存在的主要问题,并对正确使用安全标志提出了建议。     

顶复门原虫电子转移链代谢及Ⅱ型NADH脱氢酶研究进展

顶复门原虫是包括刚地弓形虫、疟原虫及球虫等在内的一大类寄生性原虫的总称,可引起重要的人畜寄生虫病.抗顶复门原虫药物的长期使用,甚至是滥用,使得这类寄生虫对现有药物产生了明显的抗药性,急需开发新型药物.Ⅱ型NAD(P)H脱氢酶是电子转移链途径中的关键酶,由于其仅存在于某些植物、细菌、真菌和寄生原虫等一些低等生物体内,而在高等动物体内缺失,是研发新型抗感染性药物的重要靶标.笔者主要针对顶复门原虫线粒体电子转移链代谢途径以及Ⅱ型NAD(P)H脱氢酶的研究概况进行综述.     

露地越冬春甘蓝新品种‘皖甘 8 号’

 ‘皖甘8号’甘蓝是以自交不亲合系9802-6与9701-3杂交育成的露地越冬春甘蓝一代杂种,具有抗寒性和耐抽薹性好,抗黑腐病等特点;叶球紧实,牛心形,单球质量1.2 kg;越冬栽培生育期145 d;适合我国黄河以南地区,尤其长江流域作越冬春甘蓝种植。     

短期夜间低温对栽培番茄和野生番茄果实蔗糖代谢的影响

 在人工气候室内以低温敏感的栽培番茄（Solanum lycopersicon）‘Money Maker’和耐低温的野生番茄（S. habrochaites）‘LA1777’为试材,研究了短期（4 d）夜间15 ℃处理和9 ℃、6 ℃及其恢复处理对番茄果实糖含量和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的变化。结果表明：6 ℃处理0.5 d,耐低温的番茄（‘LA1777’）果实中果糖和葡萄糖含量升高,低温敏感番茄（‘Money Maker’）果实中两种糖含量无显著变化。6 ℃处理‘Money Maker’中蔗糖和淀粉的含量显著降低,而‘LA1777’中含量提高。在恢复期,两种番茄的蔗糖含量均恢复到对照水平,6 ℃处理的葡萄糖和果糖未恢复到对照水平,而9 ℃与对照无显著差异。6 ℃处理降低两种番茄果实中转化酶和蔗糖合成酶（SS分解方向）的活性,无法恢复至对照水平,‘Money Maker’果实中SS合成方向的活性和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性提高,而‘LA1777’变化不显著。说明短期夜间低温条件下耐低温的番茄是通过提高果实中总的碳水化合物含量来适应低温胁迫的,而低温敏感的番茄则是降低果实中碳水化合物含量来响应低温。     

iNOS-GC-cGMP signaling activation might be involved in vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxemic rats

AIM: To evaluate the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-guanylate cyclase(GC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP) signaling on vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxemic rats. METHODS: Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: sham operation group (sham group), lipopolysaccharide group(LPS group), LPS+polymyxin B group (LPS+PMX-B group) and polymyxin B group (PMX-B group). Cannulation of the carotid artery was performed to record mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). The levels of plasma NO, iNOS and TNF-α were detected. The tension of the thoracic aortic rings was measured by a biological analytical system. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, MABP in LPS group was significantly lower (P<0.01), whereas MABP in LPS+PMX-B group was significantly higher than that in LPS group (P<0.05), and no statistical difference of MABP between PMX-B group and sham group was observed (P>0.05). The plasma levels of NO and iNOS in LPS group were significantly higher than those in sham group and LPS+PMX-B group (P<0.01). The contraction of isolated thoracic aortic rings stimulated by phenylephrine and the relaxation response by acetylcholine in LPS group were significantly lower than those in sham group (P<0.01), whereas those in LPS+PMX-B group were significantly improved (P<0.01). The vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors was completely reversed by pretreatment either with aminoguanidine, a selective iNOS inhibitor, or with methylene blue, an inhibitor of NO-sensitive GC. CONCLUSION: The iNOS-GC-cGMP signaling activation might be involved in vascular hyporeactivity in LPS-induced endotoxemic rats. Polymyxin B partly reverses the vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors by reducing the level of serum TNF-α, which may be mediated by the iNOS-GC-cGMP signal pathways to attenuate the overexpression of iNOS and NO production.     

Protective effect of folate and vitamin B12 on Alzheimer-like pathological changes in brain of aged rats with hyperhomocysteinemia

AIM:To explore the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the Alzheimer-like pathological changes in the brain of aged rat. METHODS:The rats were treated with homocysteine(Hcy) by intravenous injection through vena caudalis with or without a simultaneous supplementation of folate and Vitamin B₁₂(FB) in the drinking water for 28 weeks. The distribution and aggregation of tau protein were detected by Bielschowsky silver staining. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of tau phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A). RESULTS:Treatment with Hcy induced hyperhomocysteinemia in aged rats and resulted in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Supplementation of FB effectively reduced the tangles. Hyperhomocysteinemia also induced Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple sites(Ser^199/202and Ser³⁹⁶). Hyperhomocysteinemia activated GSK-3β and inhibited the activity of PP2A. Supplementation of FB alleviated the changes of tau and the activities of GSK-3β and PP2A. CONCLUSION:Supplementation of FB ameliorates the hyperhomocysteinemia-induced Alzheimer-like pathological changes of tau protein possibly through regulating the activity of GSK-3β and PP2A in aged rats.