甜瓜株型性状的遗传分析

为了明确了甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)主要株型性状的遗传模型与基因的作用方式,并估测了主基因遗传效应与遗传力,本研究以网纹甜瓜RE-19(Cucumis melo var.cantalupensis Naudin)和哈密瓜AM-5(Cucumis melo var.ameri Pangalo)为亲本,构建4世代群体(P1、P2、F1和F2),对甜瓜4个株型性状采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析法进行了遗传分析。结果表明,节间长和侧枝长遗传符合E-2模型,即两对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型,主茎直径遗传符合E-1模型,即两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传模型,叶面积遗传符合C-0模型,即加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型。节间长、侧枝长和主茎直径的主基因遗传率分别为75.03%、54.86%和42.83%。节间长、侧枝长、主茎直径和叶面积的多基因遗传率分别为2.68%、6.41%、2.1%和55.47%。4个性状遗传变异平均值分别占其表型变异的77.68%、61.06%、50.25%和55.47%,表明甜瓜株型相关的4个性状主要受遗传因子控制,且甜瓜节间长与侧枝长主基因遗传力较高,主茎直径主基因遗传力较低,而叶面积受多基因控制,无主效基因。因此,在甜瓜株型育种中,在早期世代进行节间长与侧枝长的选择是有效的,而对主茎直径和叶面积的选择,宜在高代进行选择。本研究为甜瓜的株型改良育种提供了理论基础。     

面向重点学科的文献资源保障体系建设研究

重点学科是高校实力的重要标志,围绕重点学科进行馆藏建设是图书馆的一项重要任务,分析了高校图书馆馆藏现状,并提出构建合理化馆藏建议。     

四川西南部小麦白粉菌群体毒性及遗传多样性分析

为明确四川西南部白粉菌群体毒性及其遗传变异情况,本文将2011年采自四川西南部的小麦白粉病标样进行单孢子堆分离纯化,共获得48个白粉菌菌株,并将其按采集地划分为4个地理群体。利用28份已知抗白粉病基因材料测定了群体的毒性频率,并运用SRAP分子标记技术探讨了其遗传多样性。毒性测定结果表明,白粉菌群体毒性较强,群体间毒性结构存在差异。供试群体对Pm1、Pm3a、Pm3b、Pm3d、Pm5a、Pm6、Pm19的平均毒性频率达50%以上,而Pm13、Pm XBD、Pm5b、Pm2+6、Pm5+6抗性保持良好,平均毒性频率在10%以下。群体间毒性遗传距离与地理距离之间有一定的相关性,但未达到显著水平。用筛选出的10对SRAP引物共获得160个清晰、稳定的扩增位点,多态性频率为50.63%;白粉菌群体遗传多样度(h)、Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.198 8、0.322 7,遗传变异主要源于群体内部。群体间基因流数值均在6.50以上,说明四川西南部白粉菌群体间菌源迁移频繁,基因交流较为充分。M antel Test分析表明SRAP标记解释的群体遗传多样性与地理距离、毒性多样性间的相关性未达到显著水平。     

Atorvastatin inhibits IL-1β and IL-18 releases via lowering the expression of NLRP1 inflammasome

AIM: To explore the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome in atorvastatin-induced reduction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) releases from the THP-1 macrophages. METHODS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg/L) was used to trigger the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in the THP-1 macrophages. The cells were incubated with different concentrations of atorvastatin (1, 10 and 20 μmol/L) for 24 h, or treated with 10 μmol/L atorvastatin for different time (12 h, 24 h and 48 h). NLRP1 siRNA was transfected into the THP-1 cells. The mRNA expression of NLRP1 inflammasome was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of NLRP1 inflammasome was determined by Western blot. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: Atorvastatin inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP1 inflammasome in the THP-1 macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transfection of NLRP1 siRNA significantly decreased the protein expression of NLRP1 and promoted the suppressive effect of atorvastatin on IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in the THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin inhibits the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in the macrophages through decreasing NLRP1 inflammasome expression, possibly contributing to the anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin on atherosclerosis.     

光质对红树莓组培苗生长及部分生理生化特性的影响

以红树莓‘海尔特兹’继代组培苗为试材,研究了不同光质处理下红树莓生根组培苗的形态、抗氧化酶活性以及碳氮代谢,以确立红树莓组培生根苗生长的适宜光质。结果表明:随着R/B(红蓝比)的增加,红树莓生根组培苗的株高由1.514cm逐渐增加到最大值1.638cm,在4R/B(红∶蓝=4∶1)处理下表现为最大值,但与对照W(白光)之间差异不显著,随后株高又随着R/B的增加而减小,在10R/B(红∶蓝=10∶1)处理下表现为最小值0.681cm,显著小于对照W;茎粗则随着R/B的增加由最大值0.101cm逐渐减小到最小值0.076cm,R/4B(红∶蓝=1∶4)处理下表现为最大值,与对照W之间差异显著,10R/B处理下表现为最小值,与对照W之间差异不显著;叶面积、生根率以及根长与茎粗呈现相同的变化趋势,均随着R/B的增加而减小,在R/4B处理下表现为最大值,分别为0.751cm2、0.786、1.369cm,在10R/B处理下表现为最小值,分别为0.211cm2、0.357、0.369cm;SOD及CAT活性均随着R/B的增加逐渐由R/4B处理下的最小值(1.832μg·g~(-1)FW、H_2O_25.902mg·g~(-1)FW)增加到10R/B处理下的最大值(10.953μg·g~(-1)FW、H_2O_246.978mg·g~(-1) FW);POD活性随着R/B的增加先由R/4B处理下的最小值(5.511μg·g~(-1)FW)逐渐增加到4R/B处理下的最大值(20.934μg·g~(-1)FW),随后又随着R/B的增加逐渐减小;MDA含量随着R/B的增加逐渐由R/4B处理下的最小值(7.357nmol·g~(-1)FW)逐渐增加到10R/B处理下的最大值(10.880nmol·g~(-1)FW),极显著高于对照W;碳水化合物含量随着R/B的增加由200.204mg·g~(-1)增加到最大值313.917mg·g~(-1),在R/B处理下表现为最大值,且极显著高于对照W,随后又随着R/B的增加逐渐减小到最小值154.172mg·g~(-1),显著低于对照W;游离氨基酸含量随着R/B的增加逐渐由R/4B处理下的最小值(16.903mg·g~(-1))增加到10R/B处理下的最大值(33.180mg·g~(-1));可溶性蛋白质含量随着R/B的增加逐渐由R/4B处理下的最大值(12.507mg·g~(-1))减小到10R/B处理下的最小值(2.147mg·g~(-1))。     

Effects of ginsenoside RH2 on neovascularization of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion

AIM: To investigate the effects of ginsenoside RH2 (GS-RH2) on neovascularization of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and its potential mechanisms. METHODS: SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group, MCAO model (MCAO) group and GS-RH2 group, with 18 rats in each group. After surgery, the general condition and neurological function score of the rats were assessed. At the 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day after intervention, the microvessel density (MVD), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were examined. The protein expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the rats in MCAO group showed significant neurobehavioral obstacles and ischemic brain infarction with higher neurological function score, while treatment with GS-RH2 significantly improved behavioral impairment and reduced the infarction volume with lower neurological function score. The MVD score in GS-RH2 group was increased as the animal survival time prolonged, while the MVD score in MCAO group was decreased. After intervention for 7 d, the MVD score in GS-RH2 group was significantly higher than that in MCAO group (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, the content of MDA was increased and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased in MCAO group at each time point. After intervention for 7 d, the MDA content was decreased and the SOD and GSH-Px activities were increased in GS-RH2 group compared with MCAO group. After intervention for 7 d, the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was increased, while the protein expression of Keap1 was decreased in GS-RH2 group compared with MCAO group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside RH2 promotes neovascularization of MCAO model rats. The mechanism may be related to the activation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, promotion of the antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibition of oxidative stress.     

宁夏引黄灌区退水水质评价研究

针对宁夏引黄灌区退水对地表水体的污染问题,运用灰色聚类法对宁夏灵武试验区西大沟的2个监测断面水质进行了评价.结果表明,灌区退水中氮、磷质量分数超标严重,退水水质受养殖污染、灌水、农业上过量使用化肥等方面的综合影响.应从源头控制入手,通过降低化肥使用量、代替以有机肥和生物肥、调整和优化农村产业结构、发展绿色农业及生态农业...     

爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的创建及AFLP指纹图谱分析

初步鉴定了爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的特征特性,并以2套水稻（Oryza sativa）同核异质材料273JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、273D（D型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系273B, 803JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、803WA（野败型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系803B为研究对象,利用AFLP 分子标记技术构建了JW型不育胞质的指纹图谱,分离了JW型胞质与野败型胞质及保持系的差异片段。     

黑龙江省青贮玉米主栽品种的灰色关联分析

运用灰色关联度分析法对黑龙江省10个主栽青贮玉米品种进行综合评判,较全面地分析了各品种的综合表现,及各性状的作用关系,结果表明,加权关联度大小顺序依次为:龙青1号,龙辐208,黑饲1号,龙单24,江饲101,白鹤,中原单32,英国红,辽洋白,牡728;与产量关系密切程度的顺序为:茎基直径,鲜秸秆重,风干重,鲜穗/鲜秸秆,株高,干/湿,鲜穗重,全株鲜重,茎基垂直糖度。     

农业干旱动态模拟技术研究与应用

农田水分在"土壤-作物-大气"连续系统内,通过降水、灌溉、土壤蒸发、作物蒸腾、下渗、地下水补给等形式进行着复杂的交换。本文从农田水量平衡原理出发,以农田表层为原型,根据气候条件和作物种植情况,建立农业干旱两层动态模拟模型,模拟农作物生长期农田水分循环过程及土壤墒情信息,为旱情预警预报提供信息。