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Sensitivities of three county health department surveillance systems for child-related dog bites: 261 cases (2000) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tan RL Powell KE Lindemer KM Clay MM Davidson SC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(11):1680-1683
OBJECTIVES: To determine incidence of child-related dog bites and sensitivities of 3 county health department dog-bite surveillance systems. DESIGN: Retrospective study. STUDY POPULATION: Child-related dog-bite data obtained from surveillance systems of 3 counties in Georgia in the year 2000. PROCEDURE: To characterize the sensitivity of health department dog-bite surveillance systems, 9 other potential sources of dog-bite records that matched records by victim name, age, gender, and incident date were evaluated. The number of reported bites and the most productive sources for identifying additional cases were determined. The Chandra Sekar-Deming capture-recapture method was used to estimate the number of unreported bites, and estimates of dog-bite incidence rates were made. RESULTS: 40, 36, and 185 dog bites were reported in the 3 counties, respectively. Capture-recapture calculations estimated an additional 9, 5, and 128 dog bites in these counties, respectively. Local health departments recorded 45.5% to 82.5% of dog bites. Local hospital emergency departments, police departments, and a rabies-testing laboratory received additional reports. Among these data sources, local hospital emergency department records were the best source for identifying additional cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dog bites are a preventable cause of childhood injuries, and surveillance is a critical tool for tracking childhood dog bites in the community. Counties should use combined data from local health departments, local hospital emergency departments, and police departments to implement or revise dog-bite prevention programs. 相似文献
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Baldwin SL Powell TD Sellins KS Radecki SV Cohen JJ Milhausen MJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,99(3-4):153-167
IFN-alpha has been shown to induce both antiviral and antiproliferative activities in animals. This report describes the biological activity of five recently identified feline IFN-alpha subtypes expressed in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line (rfeIFN-alpha1[CHO], rfeIFN-alpha2[CHO], rfeIFN-alpha3[CHO], rfeIFN-alpha5[CHO] and rfeIFN-alpha6[CHO]) and the feIFN-alpha6 subtype expressed in and purified from Pichia pastoris (rfeIFN-alpha6[P. pastoris]). The rfeIFN-alpha[CHO] subtypes were tested for antiviral activity against either Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or feline calicivirus (FCV) infected feline embryonic fibroblast cell line (AH927) or Crandell feline kidney cell line (CRFK). Antiviral activity was induced against both VSV and FCV infected AH927 cells and VSV infected CRFK cells by all five of the rfeIFN-alpha[CHO] subtypes and rfeIFN-alpha6[P. pastoris]. In addition, the IFN-alpha inducible Mx gene (associated with antiviral activity) was upregulated in vivo 24 h following treatment with rfeIFN-alpha6[P. pastoris], compared to baseline levels seen prior to treatment. All of the rfeIFN-alpha[CHO] subtypes and rfeIFN-alpha6[P. pastoris] exhibited antiproliferative activity in the FeT-J cell line (an IL-2 independent feline T-cell line). Both necrosis and apoptosis were observed in rfeIFN-alpha6[P. pastoris]-treated FeT-J cells. The rfeIFN-alpha3[CHO] subtype consistently exhibited lower antiviral and antiproliferative activity compared to that observed with the other four rfeIFN-alpha[CHO] subtypes. In summary, this paper demonstrates that five previously described feIFN-alpha subtypes induce both antiviral and antiproliferative activities in vitro and are capable of upregulating the feMx gene in vivo. 相似文献
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P. R. Cusick J. M. Powell K. A. Kelling R. F. Hensler G. R. Muňoz 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,43(2):145-152
A laboratory incubation trial and a field litterbag study were conducted to determine the rate and magnitude of mineralization of dairy manure N components in a south central Wisconsin silt loam. Dairy manure components (urine, feces, or bedding, each 15N-labeled and the other components left unlabeled) were incubated in soil at 11, 18, or 25°C. Samples were taken at 14, 21, 42, 84, and 168 days and analyzed for mineralized N ( and ) and 15N abundance in the inorganic and organic fraction (at day 168 only). In the field study, nylon mesh (38 μm) litterbags filled with 15N-labeled manure (2000) or unlabeled manure (2000 and 2002) were placed 7.5 cm below the surface and excavated at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 (2000 only), 42, 56, 84, 98, and 126 days after burial and at corn (Zea mays L.) harvest, after 142 days in 2002 and 154 days in 2000. In the incubation study, 50−60% of applied urine N was mineralized showing the importance of this manure N component as a source of plant available N. About 14−19% of applied N was mineralized from the fecal and bedding components. In the litterbag experiment, approximately 70% of the dry mass and 67% of the N was mineralized from the litterbags with similar amounts measured using either labeled or unlabeled N. Rates of manure organic matter decomposition and N mineralization were best predicted using single exponential models for both years with most of the release occurring during the first 21 days. 相似文献
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Equine chronic progressive lymphoedema (CPL) is a disabling disorder of draught horse breeds. Combined decongestive therapy (CDT) is the treatment of choice for lymphoedema in man and has been adapted for use in horses. Equine CDT, which includes manual lymph drainage (MLD) and subsequent bandaging with short stretch bandages, was expected to improve the signs of CPL in draught horses because CPL resembles primary lymphoedema in man. Five affected horses ‐ Gypsy cob (n = 1), Clydesdale (n = 1), Shires (n = 3) ‐ were included. Lesions were documented pre‐ and post treatment. Percentage volume loss of the distal legs was calculated using the disc model. Initial plans for daily CDT had to be adapted; intermittent treatment of Chorioptes infections required alternating between CDT and MLD in 4/5 horses. Concurrent pyoderma (1/5 horses) was treated throughout the study. Development of unrelated lameness (hoof abscess) allowed limited CDT treatment only in one horse. Marked softening of previously firm tissue indicated the change from ‘brawny’ to pitting oedema in 2/5 horses. Fibrotic nodules and folds in the pasterns became markedly softened and smaller in 2/5 horses. Skin surface notably improved in all horses: hyperkeratosis decreased, erosions and ulcerations healed completely and crusts disappeared. After 2 weeks, a mean volume reduction of 11.25% was seen, ranging from 4.75–21.74% and quality of movement improved. This pilot study documents evidence that CDT assists management of CPL. Current CPL management is limited to palliative treatments of secondary infections. Whilst not a permanent treatment, CDT offers a promising tool to manage horses with CPL, improving their quality of life and potential usefulness. More extensive and prolonged studies with a larger number of horses are warranted to evaluate the full potential of CDT. 相似文献
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