曲霉转化中药材的研究进展

微生物转化已成为中药现代化研究的热点之一,本文对微生物转化中使用频率高的曲霉菌转化中药材的应用进行综述,并对广泛使用的黑曲霉对人参皂苷、黄山药、槐米中的芦丁、虎杖中的白藜芦醇苷、黄芩等的转化应用进行了介绍。     

一个快速响应干旱的F-box基因的克隆和表达分析

F-box是Skp1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF)型泛素连接酶E3的重要组成部分,在泛素化介导的蛋白质降解中选择性识别靶蛋白。本文从谷子苗期干旱胁迫条件下构建的转录组文库中克隆到与耐旱早期响应相关的F-box基因,命名SiFBX (GenBank登录号为KC252635.1)。该基因全长510 bp,编码170个氨基酸。蛋白质结构预测表明,该蛋白含有丰富的精氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸,缺少跨膜结构域及信号肽序列。系统进化分析表明,该基因与已报道的EID1和FBW4亲缘关系较近。在该基因上游1.9 kb序列处,预测到启动子的核心序列及与多种逆境胁迫相关的调控序列。荧光定量PCR分析表明,该基因分别在正常干旱、PEG和ABA诱导下,表达量出现显著变化。     

限时放牧对苏尼特羔羊生长性能及主要消化器官发育的影响

为研究限时放牧对苏尼特羔羊生长性能及肉品质的影响,试验选取30只体重相近的4月龄苏尼特去势公羔作为试验动物,将其随机分成5组,每组6只。试验第Ⅰ组完全舍饲,不放牧,补饲精料500g;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组放牧加补饲,放牧时间分别为2、4、8h,分别补饲精料500、250、250g;第Ⅴ组为全天放牧,放牧12h,不补饲。试验结束后羔羊全部屠宰,取相应组织样分析处理。结果表明:放牧加补饲有利于提高日增重,但放牧时间过长日增重反而降低(第Ⅳ组);第Ⅲ组羔羊的小肠长度、四胃总重量和四胃所占比例均高于其他各组,且四胃所占比例显著高于第Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其中瘤胃的发育好于其他各组。     

RADIOGRAPHIC DIAMETER OF THE COLON IN NORMAL AND CONSTIPATED CATS AND IN CATS WITH MEGACOLON

Radiographs of 50 cats with no history of gastrointestinal disease were evaluated to establish a normal reference range for radiographic diameter of the feline colon. Thirteen cats with constipation and 26 with megacolon were also evaluated and compared with the normal cats to characterize the accuracy of the reference range and to identify a cutoff to distinguish constipation from megacolon. A ratio of maximal diameter of the colon to L5 length was the most repeatable and accurate measurement. A ratio <1.28 is a strong indicator of a normal colon (sensitivity 96%, specificity 87%). A value >1.48 is a good indicator of megacolon (sensitivity 77%, specificity 85%).     

Effect of Acute Bull Exposure Around the Time of Artificial Insemination on Serum Oxytocin and Progesterone Concentrations and Pregnancy Rates in Dairy Cows

This study examined the effect of acute bull exposure around the time of artificial insemination (AI) on oxytocin and progesterone concentrations, and pregnancy rates in dairy cows. Ninety six dairy cows, stratified according to parity into primiparous and pluriparous, were divided into three groups; short bull exposure (SBE; 10 min, n = 32), long bull exposure (LBE; 4 h, n = 32) or no bull exposure (NBE; n = 32). On day 45 post‐partum, all cows were treated with PGF2α on three occasions 11–14 days apart to synchronize oestrus. They were submitted to fixed time AI 80 h after the third PGF2α injection. Cows in the SBE and LBE groups were artificially inseminated 5 min after the introduction of the bull. From a subset of cows (n = 6 per group; three primiparous and three pluriparous), blood samples were collected once every 5 min starting 15 min before AI until 15 min after AI and analysed for oxytocin concentrations. Additional blood samples were collected for measurements of progesterone (P4) concentrations once daily for 4 days starting on the day of AI and once every 3 days thereafter until day 22. The effects of bull exposure, time, parity, difficulty of AI, and pregnancy on oxytocin and P4 concentrations were analysed using the mixed linear model procedure. Mean oxytocin concentrations or change in oxytocin concentrations after bull exposure or AI were not different among groups. Pregnancy rates for the NBE, SBE and LBE groups were 55.5%, 33.3% and 44.4%, respectively, and were not different among groups. In conclusion, acute bull exposure around the time of AI did not affect oxytocin and progesterone concentrations and did not improve pregnancy rates in dairy cattle under these farms conditions.     

玛多县防灾基地建设效益调查

玛多县自 1 993年实施防灾基地建设项目以来 ,到 2 0 0 0年底全县累计建成“三配套”建设户 1 0 99户 ,建成牲畜暖棚 1 0 0 1幢、6.0 1× 1 0 4 ,建成围栏草地 2 .0 9× 1 0 4 h ,累计种植一年生饲草饲料 88h 。通过项目实施 ,项目区每年增加收益 334.79万元。     

Synthesis and herbicidal activity of new 3-(3-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole as a paddy field herbicide

A new compound 3-(3-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole was synthesized and the herbicidal activity was assessed under glasshouse and flooded paddy field conditions. This compound demonstrated good rice selectivity and potent herbicidal activity against annual weeds at 125 g ai ha⁻¹ under greenhouse conditions. Soil application of this compound showed the complete control of barnyardgrass to the 4th leaf stage at 250 g ai ha⁻¹. Field trials indicated that this compound, combined with pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, controlled annual and perennial weeds rapidly with good tolerance by transplanted rice seedlings from postemergence and soil application. This compound showed a low mammalian and environmental toxicity in various toxicological tests.     

Expression of nuclear factor-κB in asthmatic guinea pigs and the effect of erigeron breviscapus on it

AIM:To explore the expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)in asthmatic guinea pigs,and the effect of erigeron breviscapus,a protein kinase C(PKC)inhibitor,on the expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB).METHODS:48 guinea pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=8).Airway resistance and eosinophilic inflammation of airway wall were examined,the expression of NF-κB in the lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:The expression of NF-κB was mainly found in airway epithelium,all the asthmatic animals showed significantly higher optical densities than that of the normal control group(P＜0.01),and the rats subjected therapeutic treatment for two weeks showed significantly lower NF-κB expression than those of the asthmatic groups(P＜0.01).Positive correlation exist between the airway resistance and the percentage of cells expressing NF-κB in epithelium,and between the amount of eosinophil in airway wall and the percentage of cells expressing NF-κB in epithelium(P＜0101).CONCLUSION:The increased expression of NF-κB in airway epithelium of the asthmatic guinea pigs suggested that NF-κB may be involved in asthma.And result that the increased expression of NF-κB was inhibited significantly by the treatment of the erigeron breviscapus suggested that PKC may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma through NF-κB.     

不同外源药剂预处理对低温胁迫下玉米种子萌发的影响

以玉米品种郑单958和辽单632为试验材料,研究不同外源药剂预处理对低温胁迫下玉米种子萌发的影响.结果表明:不同种类和浓度药剂预处理可影响郑单958和辽单632玉米种子的耐冷性,5 mg·L<'-1>GA<,3>促进10℃低温下各品种种子的萌发,有利于幼苗和根系的生长,但不利于壮苗;1 mg·L<'-1>浓度ABA浸种...     

植物生长调节剂和微量元素对茶树花粉发芽率的影响

以福鼎大白茶树花粉为材料 ,研究植物生长调节剂和微量元素对茶树花粉发芽率的影响 .结果表明 :含有 10 - 2 0 mg· L-1的 GA3、1- 2 0 mg· L-1的 2 ,4 - D、2 0 - 10 0 mg· L-1的 Zn SO4 、5 - 2 0 0 mg· L-1或稍高的H3BO3的培养液对花粉的发芽有明显的促进作用 .H3BO3质量浓度为 2 0 0 mg· L-1时 ,其发芽率最高 ,达84 .5 3% ,比 CK高 110 .3% ;而含有 5 0 - 10 0 mg· L-1的 GA3、5 0 - 10 0 mg· L-1的 2 ,4 - D、高于 2 0 0 mg· L-1的Zn SO4 的培养液则对花粉的发芽有明显的抑制作用 ,2 ,4 - D质量浓度为 10 0 mg· L-1时 ,发芽率最低 ,比 CK低 95 .2 % .