Contributions of Extractives and Lignin to the Fractal Geometry of Internal Wood Surfaces

Internal wood surfaces can be treated as fractals, which are between Euclidean geometry and complete randomness. The fractal dimension Dfs is very informative in investigating the roughness of the internal surfaces of wood. In this study, the water sorption isotherms, including adsorption and desorption isotherm, of untreated, benzene-alcohol extracted and delignified (after benzene-alcohol extracted) spruce (Cuninghamia lanceolata) were measured at 30℃. On the basis of these isotherms, the Dfs values were calculated by FHH equation, which is based on multimolecular sorption. The results showed that both groups of Dfs values (respectively calculated from adsorption and desorption isotherms) of untreated, benzene-alcohol extracted and delignified wood have same order, that is, untreated > benzene-alcohol extracted - delignified. Therefore, the conclusion can be made that the benzene-alcohol extractives have significant contribution to the fractal geometry of internal wood surfaces. Lignin also has influ     

Pyrolytic characteristics of burning residue of fire-retardant wood

In order to investigate the pyrolytic characteristics of the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, a multifunctional fire-resistance test oven aimed at simulating the course of a fire was used to burn fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. Samples at different distances from the combustion surface were obtained and a thermogravimetric analysis (TG) was applied to test the prrolytic process of the burning residue in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The results showed that: 1) there was little difference between fire-retardant wood and its residue in the initial temperature of thermal degradation. The initial temperature of thermal degradation of the combustion layer in untreated wood was higher than that in the no burning wood sample; 2) the temperature of the flame retardant in fire-retardant wood was 200°C in the differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The peak belonging to the flame retardant tended to dissipate during the time of burning; 3) for the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, the peak belonging to hemicellulose near 230°C in the DTG disappeared and there was a gentle shoulder from 210 to 240°C; 4) the temperature of the main peaks of the fire-retardant wood and its burning residue in DTG was 100°C lower than that of the untreated wood and its burning residue. The rate of weight loss also decreased sharply; 5) the residual weight of fire-retardant wood at 600°C clearly increased compared with that of untreated wood. Residual weight of the burning residue increased markedly as the heating temperature increased when burning; 6) there was a considerable difference with respect to the thermal degradation temperature of the no burning sample and the burning residue between fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 133–138 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

木材构造和生体节律的1/f型涨落谱

在综合现代木质环境学研究成果的基础上，就自然界中普遍存在着的涨落现象、涨落的分类、各种涨落谱的特征等做了一般性的说明。集中讨论了木材构造的涨落谱及生体节律的涨落谱特征，并就两者之间存在的共同点，即两者之间的相关性做了浅显说明，回答了为什么自古以来人们喜爱生物材料——木材及木材纹理构造这一问题的根本原因。     

Design of wood/montmorillonite (MMT) intercalation nanocomposite

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed “one-step” or “two-step” impregnating processes.     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Composites

There are many advantages of bended wood,such as good-looking shape,simple process and low cost.The product,however,is easy to get recovery,which is urgent to be dealt with.This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability.Compared to bended solid wood,some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented.The purpose of this paper is to suggest:1)to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation,according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius;2)to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation,dynamic viscoelasticity and crystal1ization field;3)to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions.It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

木质室内装饰材料对环境湿度的调节功能Ⅱ

为了弄清楚在水蒸汽流入流出过程中室内装饰材料对环境湿度的调节规律及定量评价室内装饰材料的环境湿度调节性能 ,本研究在环境温度为 2 6℃时 ,测定了在水蒸汽流入流出过程中木质及非木质材料装饰的试验体内环境湿度的经时变化情况 ,并定义了x和y两个物理量来表征材料对环境湿度的调节性能 ,研究结果表明 :用x和y值能够将各种室内装饰材料按调湿性能分成 4个组别 ;木材及木质材料类具有较好的环境湿度调节性能 ,即这些材料能够缓和室内环境湿度的急骤变化 ;木质材料的x和 y值随A/V的增大呈曲线下降趋势 ;在本实验设定的循环过程中 ,材料厚度对其调湿性能影响不显著。     

水蒸气量变化过程中木质室内装饰材料对环境湿度的调节(英文)

为了弄清楚在水蒸气流入流出过程中木质室内装饰材料对环境湿度的调节规律，定量评价室内装饰材料的环境湿度调节性能，该研究在环境恒定温度为２６ ℃条件下，测定了在水蒸气流入流出过程中木质及非木质材料装饰的试验体内环境湿度的经时变化规律，在此基础上定义了ｘ 和ｙ 两个参数来表征材料对环境湿度的调节性能。研究结果表明：（１） 用ｘ 和ｙ 值能够将各种材料按其调湿性能分成４ 个组别。（２） 木质材料类具有较好的环境湿度调节性能，即这些材料能够缓和室内环境湿度的急骤变化。（３） 木质材料的ｘ 和ｙ 值随气积比 Ａ／ Ｖ 的增大呈曲线下降趋势。（４） 在本实验设定的循环过程中，材料厚度对其调湿性能影响不显著。     

The association between plasma levels of acute phase proteins, haptoglobin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), pig-MAP, transthyretin and serum amyloid A (SAA) in Large White and Meishan pigs

During infection, the acute phase response triggers the release of acute phase proteins (APP), alpha-(1) acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and Pig-MAP into the circulation, accompanied by a decrease in plasma levels of transthyretin. We quantified the association between these APP in 26 apparently healthy pigs from two breeds, 13 Large White and 13 Meishan (16 male; 10 female). There was a significant correlation between plasma levels of haptoglobin and Pig-MAP (r=0.57; p<0.05), but no significant associations between any of the other APP tested. We also measured the relationship between PigMAP, transthyretin and SAA, and the proportions of peripheral blood mononuclear sub-sets, CD8(+) cells, CD4(+) cells, CD11R1(+) cells, MHC DQ(+) cells, and monocytes. There were correlations between both plasma levels of Pig-MAP and the proportion of monocytes (r=0.55; p<0.05) and plasma levels of transthyretin and the proportion of MHC DQ(+) cells (r=0.40; p<0.01). Breed and sex influenced plasma levels of Pig-MAP but not plasma levels of transthyretin. Overall, these results suggest closer links between the mechanisms that regulate the release haptoglobin, Pig-MAP and monocytes compared to those that regulate the release of AGP, SAA and transthyretin.     

The wide diversity of structurally similar wine proteins

In the present work, single grape variety wines, Moscatel and Arinto, were used. Analysis by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the wine proteins revealed the presence of only a few polypeptides ranging in molecular mass from 15 to 30 kDa. However, a more detailed examination of the whole protein fraction, by a combination of techniques, showed that these wines contain a very large number (many tens and, possibly, many more) of distinct polypeptides, exhibiting similar molecular masses but different electrical charges. The results obtained using highly specific antibodies and N-terminal sequencing indicate that there is structural similarity among most of the wine polypeptides. These observations can be explained by the existence of a common precursor to most or all of the wine proteins, which could generate all of the detected polypeptides by limited proteolysis. Comparison of the N-terminal sequences of the polypeptides isolated from Moscatel wine with proteins from other sources revealed a high degree of homology to pathogenesis-related proteins.     

木材—吸附水系的Wagner介电弛豫

为了描述木材—吸附水系统的复数介电系数(ε~*)随频率(f)、含水率(φ)的变化关系,本文应用Wagner理论,假定介电弛豫时间分布函数呈Gauss型概率分布形式,得到了复数介电系数(ε~*)的表达式,以及分布参数(n)同温度(T)、含水率(φ)之间的关系,并对介电系数(ε′)、介电损耗(ε″)的计算值和实测值作了比较。结果表明:在描述木材—吸附水系统的复数介电系数方面,Wagner理论比Fr(?)hlich理论更理想;在平均弛豫时间(τ_0)的近域内,Wagner理论和Fr(?)hlich理论两者等同;在描述介电弛豫时间分布随含水率(φ)变化方面,Cole—Cole理论中参数(β)、Fr(?)hlich理论中参数(v_0/kT、Wagner理论中参数(n)三者等同。