Potential of semiconductor sensor arrays for the origin authentication of pure Valencia orange juices.

Sensor array is a new method used in aroma analysis. This technique was employed for the differentiation of 49 pure Valencia orange juices from 5 different origins representative of the main culture areas of citrus according to their volatile organic fractions. An experimental design was used to set analytical factors, which control the generation of the static headspace; therefore, the preliminary optimization of analytical conditions allows the evaluation of the potential of such an apparatus in this kind of survey. Results obtained were then statistically treated by multivariate analyses such as principal component analysis and factorial discriminant analysis. Sensor arrays performed a good discrimination of the whole juices in classing them according to the origin of Valencia oranges used. A calibration of the sensors was then performed to build a database aiming to classify the juices according to the origin of oranges involved. New supplementary samples were then analyzed to assess the efficiency of the database. This technique coupled with other ones such as high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography may be a new tool for the investigation of adulteration detection due to the authentication of the origin of raw materials employed in the orange juice processes.     

Central corneal dermoid in a Labrador retriever puppy

An eight-week-old, male Labrador retriever puppy was presented with an abnormal appearance of the left cornea, observed after the eyelids opened in the second week of life. Ocular examination showed a large central dermoid of the left cornea. The dermoid was excised by superficial keratectomy, and healing was uneventful. The dermoid was classified as a Mann's second type. To the authors' knowledge, a Mann's second type corneal dermoid has not previously been reported in a dog.     

Simulation of chromium transport in the unsaturated zone for predicting contaminant entries into the groundwater

Heavy metal contaminations in the top‐soil layers can impose serious threats to groundwater quality. A seepage water prognosis of probable future contaminant entries at the groundwater surface has to take into account the emission characteristics of the source zone and the reactive transport of the contaminated leachate through the unsaturated zone. Here, a possible approach is presented, exemplarily for a site contaminated with chromium, encompassing batch elution experiments, unsaturated soil column leaching experiments with flow interruption, soil monolith lysimeter experiments, and numerical modeling of non‐equilibrium solute transport. The prognosis provides a long‐term prediction of Cr concentrations at the groundwater surface. It must be emphasized, that the modeling results are uncertain, because several of the parameters in the simulations can be determined only with significant errors. Additionally, the approach is not applicable routinely for every hazardous waste site. Our study reveals, however, that reactive contaminants can possibly reach the groundwater at hazardous concentrations within very short time.     

Adenocarcinoma of the gland of the third eyelid in seven dogs

Adenocarcinoma of the gland of the third eyelid developed as a smooth, pink nodule on the bulbar aspect of the third eyelid of seven 10- to 16-year-old dogs. Tumors recurred in 4 dogs. One dog, which initially had the most infiltrative-appearing tumor among those studied, was euthanatized 7 months after the first excision, because of extensive local recurrence and suspected metastasis. Tumors did not recur after removal of the entire third eyelid as the initial or follow-up procedure. We recommend removal of the entire third eyelid to prevent local recurrence of the tumor.     

Immunisation against ovine caseous lymphadenitis: efficacy of monocomponent Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis toxoid vaccine and combined clostridial-corynebacterial vaccines

Sheep were immunised with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis toxoid formulated as a monocomponent vaccine with aluminium adjuvant or in combination with 5 clostridial antigens, and also in the combined form with sodium selenate. Immunised and control sheep were experimentally infected 16 days after vaccination and slaughtered and inspected after a further 3 months to determine their resistance to infection. All 3 vaccines afforded an equal and high level of protection; 91% of vaccinated sheep exhibiting no lesions of caseous lymphadenitis compared with 51.5% affected sheep in the control group. Average lesion counts were 1.2 per affected vaccinated sheep and 4.5 per affected control sheep. Antitoxin responses to the clostridial toxoids incorporated in the combined vaccines were not affected by inclusion of the C pseudotuberculosis toxoid or the sodium selenate.