Antibody seroprevalences against rabies in dogs vaccinated under field conditions in Bolivia

Bolivia currently has one of the highest numbers of cases for human and canine rabies and is thus clue to the elimination process. The objective of the present study was to assess antibody seroprevalences against rabies in dogs vaccinated under field conditions and other factors that might influence the success of the on-going rabies control programmes in an endemic area of the disease, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. All 240 study animals, selected using area-stratified random sampling, were investigated in April 2007. Test prevalences were adjusted for the imperfect test characteristics using the Rogan–Gladen estimator (deterministic and stochastic functions) and Bayesian inference. Ninety-four of the tested 240 vaccinated dogs were classified as test-positive for rabies-specific antibodies. With regard to adjusted overall antibody seroprevalence, Bayesian true prevalence estimates (41%, 95% CI: 37–46%) were lower than both of the Rogan–Gladen estimates. The effect of various epidemiological factors on post-vaccination response was also assessed.     

蝗虫微孢子虫病在优势蝗虫种类中的持续传播

对施用蝗虫微孢子虫后1-10年的草场中5种主要蝗虫种群中微孢子虫病的流行状况进行了研究,结果表明,蝗虫微孢子虫病能在蝗群中长期传播,蝗虫种群的感病率和感染指数呈波动趋势,随着施用后年限的增加,波幅变动范围趋于稳定。感染率波幅范围为20％-80％,感染指数为10％-41％;鼓翅皱膝蝗、白边痂蝗和毛足棒角蝗种群对微孢子虫病的感染指数,不同年份波动较大,短期内难以形成一个稳定的流行群体;而在小车蝗和宽须蚁蝗种群中引入微孢子虫4年后,感染指数下降,但能够形成比较稳定的感染群体。     

碳素纤维在近岸海洋污染物亚硝酸盐、总氨态氮处理中的应用

为探索高效的近岸海水污染处理及生态修复方法,采用硝酸氧化法对黏胶基碳素纤维(Carbon fiber,CF)进行氧化改性,并利用改性后的黏胶基CF处理近岸模拟污染海水,研究了改性CF对海水中亚硝酸盐、总氨态氮等污染物的吸附情况,考察了黏胶基CF氧化改性时间等因素对吸附处理效果的影响,确定了改性黏胶基CF处理近岸污染海水的优化工艺条件。结果表明:黏胶基CF氧化改性时间、CF投加量、亚硝酸盐初始浓度、总氨态氮初始浓度、吸附时间、海况、p H等因素对CF的吸附性能均有不同程度的影响,当反应条件相同时CF的吸附性能较稳定;CF对亚硝酸盐的吸附效果较好,对总氨态氮的吸附效果次之;通过正交试验确定黏胶基CF材料修复模拟近岸海水的优化条件,即在吸附时间为3 h、海况为3级、投加量为0.01 g、亚硝酸盐初始浓度为4 mg/L、总氨态氮初始浓度为60 mg/L、改性时间为1.5 h、p H为8的条件下,CF对亚硝酸盐的去除率为84.56%,对总氨态氮的去除率为45.63%。本研究结果为CF在近岸海洋环境修复中的应用奠定了基础。     

寒冷干旱地区日光温室结构的优化设计

应用ANSYS有限元软件对寒冷干旱的呼和浩特地区常用的节能型日光温室结构进行了三维分析,研究了日光温室在作物载荷与雪载,南风载荷和北风载荷三种不利载荷组合情况下的受力,然后对日光温室的前、后屋面角、弦杆弧度和结构杆件的截面尺寸进行了优化设计.优化后的温室结构与优化前相比可节省用钢量约1.43kg/m2;温室的全部结构杆件均采用标准钢材确定,利于采购和日光温室的建造;前、后屋面角经优化后对温室内部采光也较有利.     

甘蓝型油菜种质资源农艺性状的鉴定与评价

为了解不同地区种质资源在农艺性状上的遗传多样性,对来自国内318份油菜种质资源品种(系)的9个农艺性状指标进行了鉴定和评价。结果表明:9个农艺性状具有较大的遗传变异潜力,变异系数最大的是有效分枝高度,为0.555296;其次是一次有效分枝数,为0.450183;变异系数最小的是千粒重,为0.157786。在不同省份所提供的种质资源中,各性状平均值差异显著,而且不同省份的品种同一性状的变幅也不同;主花絮有效长度较长和有效角果数较多的品种主要出现在株高为160~179 cm的品种中;探索了初花期与千粒重和单株产量的关系,并评价推荐了部分优良种质资源供育种应用。     

多壁碳纳米管做吸附剂富集水中有机磷农药残留

目的 研究多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)做固相萃取吸附剂对水中的16种有机磷农药残留的吸附富集效果.方法 MWCNTs SPE柱采用水相净化体系,有机磷农药采用双柱双检测器GC/FPD法测定.结果 优化的净化条件为:水样采用HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液调节pH=5.0,MWCNTs SPE柱用5 mL甲醇和5 mL HAc-...     

Herd and within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence among Irish beef herds submitting bulls for entry to a performance testing station

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1), may result in various clinical consequences, including severe respiratory disease and conjunctivitis, venereal disease and reduced reproductive performance and abortion. This paper presents the serosurveillance findings from an intake of bulls into a performance testing station in Ireland during November 2007. The herd and within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence in 53 Irish beef herds and the risk factors for infection in these herds were determined, among bulls entering a beef performance testing station in Ireland. BoHV-1 status was determined for 41 herds, of which 30 (73.2%) herds were infected and the mean within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence was 28 (± 20)%. Multivariate exact logistic modelling revealed increasing numbers of contiguous herds and decreasing percentage of males within the herd as significant risk factors associated with infected herds. These findings highlight the high prevalence of BoHV-1 infection in those Irish beef herds that submitted bulls to this performance testing station, and raise concerns regarding IBR control nationally.     

不同啃食强度对沙拐枣影响的初步研究

在飞播区根据牧畜对沙拐枣啃食程度的不同，采用人工模拟放牧方法对牲畜啃食的绿色部分设置了10％、30％、50％、70％、90％、对照6种不同啃食强度处理，以探讨啃食强度对沙拐枣生长的影响。试验结果表明，30％啃食强度的生物量化90％的高121．37％，比对照高34．85％。沙拐枣的啃食强度在30％－50％时生物量最高，完全不利用或过度利用都会影响其正常生长。