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61.
Influence of Extraction Solvents on Antioxidant Activity and the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Non-pungent Peppers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Bae H Jayaprakasha GK Crosby K Jifon JL Patil BS 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(2):120-128
Bioactive compounds in foods have been shown to maintain human health. However, the relative amounts of bioactive compounds and the variation in the amounts are still poorly understood. In this study, the efficacy of different extraction solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and a methanol:water mixture), as well as the levels of certain bioactive compounds in non-pungent pepper cultivars (TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58) were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, and deoxyribose degradation. Hexane extracts had the highest level of carotenoids (47.2-628.8 μg/g), and methanol extracts contained maximum flavonoids (24.9-152.2 μg/g) in four different cultivars. Higher DPPH scavenging activity was found in the hexane extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (IC?? value: 0.67, 0.74, 0.55, and 0.48 μg/ml, respectively), whereas the reducing power was high in ethyl acetate and acetone extracts. Inhibition of deoxyribose degradation was highest in methanolic extracts from TMH, TMJ, PA137, and B58 (51.2, 49.5, 52.6, and 47.4 %, respectively). These data demonstrate that solvent chemical properties such as polarity can differentially impact the efficiency with which different bioactive compounds are recovered from foods, and this could lead to differences in estimated biological activity such as antioxidant capacity. 相似文献
62.
Oulkar DP Banerjee K Patil SH Upadhyay AK Taware PB Deshmukh MB Adsule PG 《Pest management science》2009,65(2):183-188
BACKGROUND: This work was undertaken to determine the preharvest interval (PHI) of buprofezin to minimize its residues in grapes and thereby ensure consumer safety and avoid possible non‐compliance in terms of residue violations in export markets. Furthermore, the residue dynamics in three grapevine soils of India was explored to assess its environmental safety. RESULTS: Residues dissipated following non‐linear two‐compartment first + first‐order kinetics. In grapes, the PHI was 31 days at both treatments (312.5 and 625 g a.i. ha?1), with the residues below the maximum permissible intake even 1 h after foliar spraying. Random sampling of 5 kg comprising small bunchlets (8–10 berries) collected from a 1 ha area gave satisfactory homogeneity and representation of the population. A survey on the samples harvested after the PHI from supervised vineyards that received treatment at the recommended dose showed residues below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.02 mg kg?1 applicable for the European Union. In soil, the degradation rate was fastest in clay soil, followed by sandy loam and silty clay, with a half‐life within 16 days in all the soils. CONCLUSION: The recommendation of the PHI proved to be effective in minimizing buprofezin residues in grapes. Thus, this work is of high practical significance to the domestic and export grape industry of India to ensure safety compliance in respect of buprofezin residues, keeping in view the requirements of international trade. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
63.
Chandrakant?SinghEmail author Vijay?Kumar Indivar?Prasad Vishal?R.?Patil B.?K.?Rajkumar 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(1):53-59
Drought tolerance as such is often not considered to be an independent trait by plant breeders. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight drought tolerance indices, namely stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), yield reduction ratio (Yr), yield index (YI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), and stress tolerance index (STI) in upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) genotypes. For this purpose, 16 genotypes were sampled during the 2013-2014 growing seasons under both normal and drought-stress field conditions at the Main Cotton Research Station of Navsari Agricultural University, Surat, India. The drought tolerance indices were calculated based on seed cotton yield under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Mean comparison of drought tolerance indices and seed cotton yield validated the significant influences of drought stress on yield as well as significant differences among genotypes. Results of calculated correlation coefficients and multivariate analyses showed that GMP, MP and STI indices were able to discriminate drought-sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Cluster analysis using the drought-tolerance indices divided the 16 genotypes into tolerant and susceptible groups. Two genotypes, G.Cot.16 × H-1353/10 and H-1353/10 × G.Cot.16 gave good yield response under drought conditions leading to their stability during water stress conditions. Based on multivariate analyses using the indices individually or in combinations, it was possible to identify the most yield-stable genotypes across the environments. Overall, we concluded that GMP, MP and STI indices can be efficiently exploited not only for screening drought tolerance but also to identify superior genotypessuitable for both stress and non-stress field conditions. 相似文献
64.
A set of 45 diverse Asian and African origin/bred populations of pearl millet were investigated multi-locationally for morphological traits including grain yield and assessed for their fertility restoration ability on three cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) systems in two contrasting seasons. Significant genetic variation was found for all the yield linked traits. Multivariate analysis for grain yield and its component traits grouped these populations into five clusters. Most of the Asian origin populations grouped into single cluster(Cluster III) and separated from the rest of the African origin populations indicating the presence of correspondence between clustering pattern and geographical origin of the populations. Clusters dominated with Asian populations(As-As) had linkages with early flowering, short plant height, more number of tillers, small and thin panicles, small seeded and low grain yield compared to the clusters dominated by African populations(Af-Af) or African origin and Asian bred(Af-As) populations.Genetically related populations having common parentage were found grouped in same clusters.Fertility restoration/maintainer frequency of 45 populations on three diverse CMS systems revealed that overall fertility restoration frequency was highest for A1(86%) followed by A4(37%) and for A5(7%) CMS system. Five populations were identified as potential sources for developing maintainer lines for all three CMS systems and eight populations were identified specifically for A;and A;CMS systems. A set of 11 and four populations were identified for restorer line development exclusively for A;and A;CMS system,respectively. Six populations were identified for the development of dual restorers for both A;and A;CMS system. 相似文献
65.
Field experiments were conducted in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, during the dry season (January–May) in 2008 and 2009 to investigate
whether practices of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), including alternate wetting and drying (AWD) during the vegetative
stage of plant growth, could improve rice plants’ morphology and physiology and what would be their impact on resulting crop
performance, compared with currently recommended scientific management practices (SMP), including continuous flooding (CF)
of paddies. With SRI practices, grain yield was increased by 48% in these trials at the same time, there was an average water
saving of 22% compared with inundated SMP rice. Water productivity with AWD-SRI management practices was almost doubled (0.68 g l−1) compared to CF-SMP (0.36 g l−1). Significant improvements were observed in the morphology of SRI plants in terms of root growth, plant/culm height, tiller
number per hill, tiller perimeter, leaf size and number, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf weight (SLW), and open canopy
structure. These phenotypic improvements of the AWD-SRI crop were accompanied by physiological changes: greater xylem exudation
rate, crop growth rate, mean leaf elongation rate (LER), and higher light interception by the canopy compared to rice plants
grown under CF-SMP. SRI plants showed delayed leaf senescence and greater light utilization, and they maintained higher photosynthetic
rates during reproductive and grain-filling stages. This was responsible for improvement in yield-contributing characteristics
and higher grain yield than from flooded rice with SMP. We conclude that SRI practices with AWD improve rice plants’ morphology,
and this benefits physiological processes that result in higher grain yield and water productivity. 相似文献
66.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Landraces and Improved Rice Varieties from India 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Shailesh D.KUMBHAR Pawan L.KULWAL Jagannath V.PATIL Chandrakant D.SARAWATE Anil P.GAIKWAD Ashok S.JADHAV 《水稻科学》2015,22(3):99-107
A set of 50 rice genotypes comprising landraces, local selections, and improved varieties were characterized using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR) markers to study genetic diversity and population structure. Following unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean based clustering using binary data of polymorphic markers, the genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters and 11 sub-clusters, whereas population structure analysis separated 50 rice genotypes into 5 sub-populations. Grouping of rice genotypes showed better resemblance with the pedigree information of the genotypes. Both genetic diversity and population structure analysis separated majority of the improved varieties from landraces and local selections. Some of the SSR markers amplified unique alleles which were specific to a particular genotype and could distinguish them from the rest. The results indicate that these rice genotypes exhibit a higher genetic diversity and can be very useful in rice improvement program. 相似文献
67.
Rajbir Singh R.K. Gupta R.T. Patil R.R. Sharma R. Asrey A. Kumar K.K. Jangra 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of foliar application of vermicompost leachates on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Cv. Chandler). For this, three leachates collected from vermicomposting of cow dung (FCD), vegetable waste (FVW) and mixture of cow dung and vegetable waste in 1:2 ratio (FCVW) were used at 2 ml l−1 at monthly interval (total five sprays) in strawberry. The results indicated that foliar application of vermicompost leachates improved leaf area (10.1–18.9%), dry matter of plant (13.9–27.2%) and fruit yield (9.8–13.9%) significantly over control (water spray only). Foliar application of FCVW reduced albinism (from 12.1 to 5.7%), fruit malformation (11.2–8.5%) and grey mould (5.1–2.6%) thus improving marketable fruit yield (26.5% higher) with firmer fruits of better quality. The foliar application of FCD and FVW also improved these parameters and resulted in to higher marketable fruit yield (12.6 and 17.8% higher, respectively) compared to control. The study confirmed that leachates derived from composting processes have potential use as foliar fertilization for strawberry. 相似文献
68.
S. R. Krupesha Sharma K. M. Shankar M. L. Sathyanarayana Raj Reddy Patil H. D. Narayana Swamy Suguna Rao 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(3):421-430
Biofilm (BF) of Vibrio alginolyticus was developed on chitin flakes. BF formation was studied at various nutrient concentrations and incubation time. Highest
colony-forming units of BF cells were obtained with 0.15% trypticase soya broth and at 3 days of incubation. The BF cells
could be completely inactivated at 80°C in 10 min and with 10% formalin in 24 h. SDS–PAGE profile of BF cells revealed repression
of four proteins and expression of three new proteins compared to free cells (FC). The preliminary immune response studies
showed that BF cells were superior to FC in stimulating the non-specific immune response of Penaeus monodon. 相似文献
69.
Virnodkar Shyamal S. Pachghare Vinod K. Patil V. C. Jha Sunil Kumar 《Precision Agriculture》2020,21(5):1121-1155
Precision Agriculture - The remote sensing (RS) technique is less cost- and labour- intensive than ground-based surveys for diverse applications in agriculture. Machine learning (ML), a branch of... 相似文献
70.
Stochastic generating models for simulating hierarchically structured multi-cover landscapes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
For simulating hierarchically structured raster maps of landscapes that consist of multiple land cover types, we extend the concept of neutral landscape models to provide a general Markovian model. A stochastic transition matrix provides the probability rules that govern landscape fragmentation processes by assigning finer resolution land cover categories, given coarser resolution categories. This matrix can either be changed or remain the same at different resolutions. The probability rules may be defined for simulating properties of an actual landscape or they may be specified in a truly neutral manner to evaluate the effects of particular transition probability rules.For illustration, model parameters are defined heuristically to simulate properites of actual watershed-delineated landscapes in Pennsylvania. Three landscapes were chosen; one is mostly forested, one is in a transitional state between mostly forested and a mixture of agriculture, urban and suburban land, while the third is fully developed with only remnant forest patches that are small and disconnected. For each landscape type, a small sample of raster maps are simulated in a Monte Carlo fashion to illustrate how an empirical distribution of landscape measurements can be obtained. 相似文献