Current status and future strategy in breeding grasspea (Lathyrus sativus)

Efforts in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) improvement have increased since the development of lines that are very low in the neurotoxin Beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha-beta-diamino propionic acid (ODAP); also referred to as Beta-N oxalyl-amino-L-alanine (BOAA). Many programs now address several related aspects of improvement simultaneously. These include reduced ODAP concentrations, insect and disease resistance, nitrogen fixation, agronomic practices, fodder and forage production, and components for increased yielding ability. The coordinated, multidisciplinary approach now being applied to the genetic improvement of grasspea should allow the potential of this largely neglected grain legume to be fully realized.     

Soil phosphorus status and turnover in central-European beech forest ecosystems with differing tree species diversity

Problems in phosphorus (P) nutrition of forest trees raise questions concerning the soil P concentrations, pools and turnover in forests. In addition, it is not clear if, and to what extent, tree species diversity has an influence on the soil P status and turnover. The aim of this study was to investigate the P status and turnover in beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) -dominated forest ecosystems on loess over limestone and to elucidate what role heterogeneities in tree species diversity would play. The soils of mixed species stands contained more organically bound P (710–772 kg ha⁻¹) than those of pure beech stands (378 kg ha⁻¹), whereas the inorganic P content differed little between the stand types. A large proportion (44–55%) of the total soil P was organically bound. This fraction was mainly dependent on the clay content of the soils and not on the tree diversity. The P input with leaf litter (1.4–2.1 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) showed a tendency to increase with increasing diversity. The apparent P turnover times in the organic surface layers differed, with shorter turnover times in mixed species stands (2–3 years) than in pure beech stands (10 years). Possible explanations for the different turnover times were differences in the litter quality, interactions in mixed species litters and the soil pH and base saturation. Hence, the tree species mainly influence the apparent P turnover time in the organic surface layer, whereas the P concentrations and pools in the mineral soil are determined by the soil properties, particularly the clay content.     

浅谈三亚酒店景观高差处理的设计方法

酒店景观与其他景观相比有许多自身的特性,如私密性、舒适性、半开放式等。景观中用于处理高差的形式有许多,三亚酒店根据其建筑特色、周边环境、酒店风格等采用了独具特色的形式。良好的景观更容易让旅客获得优质的审美享受,增加旅游体验的愉悦感和深刻性。     

Die Wiederbewaldung der Gebirge in Fransreich

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Vergleichende bodenphysikalische untersuchungen zwischen Lysimetern und Ihren Herkunftsflächen am beispiel von drei typischen böden mitteldeutschlands unter landwirtschaftlicher nutzung i. Mitteilung ermittlung bodenphysikalischer kenngrössen

Zur Quantifizierung möglicher Veränderungen zwischen langjährig genutzten Lysimetern und ihren Herkunftsflächen wurden ausgewählte bodenphysikalische Parameter ermittelt und eine erste Interpretation der angetroffenen Unterschiede zwischen Lysimeter und Herkunftsfläche vorgenommen.

Zur Ermittlung bodenhydraulischer Kenngrößen können unterschiedliche Verfahren eingesetzt werden. So wurden Saugspannungs‐Sättigungs‐Funktionen (pF‐Kurven) mittels AMHYP‐Anlage und mit der Verfahrenskombination: Sandbett‐Kaolinbett‐Drucktopfapparatur erstellt. Die dabei festgestellten deutlichen Abweichungen geben Anlaß zur Überprüfung der bisher verwendeten Verfahren, der damit ermittelten Meßwerte und deren Interpretation.     

Infectivity,inoculum density and germination of Spongospora subterranea resting spores: a solution-culture test system1

Spongospora subterranea, causal agent of powdery scab of potatoes and vector of potato mop-top furovirus, survives in the soil as balls of resting spores (cystosori). So far, the factors affecting longevity, germination and infectivity of cystosori have not been investigated. A rapid and versatile bioassay with tomatoes as bait plants has been developed to quantify the infectivity of cystosorus inoculum or infested soil. The intensity of root infection, as a measure of infectivity, was determined by evaluating the quantity of zoosporangia present in epidermal cells and root hairs of the whole, stained root system. A correlation was obtained between the intensity of root infection and the cystosorus inoculum density in nutrient solution. Sterile soil suppressed the inoculum potential of pure cystosori. Infectivity of untreated soil decreased with increasing time of storage. Root infection was not influenced by the pH level of the nutrient solution.     

Trifluralin effects on the development of cotton in arid zone soils

The effect of trifluralin on the growth and development of cotton plants in low-organic-matter soils from the northern Negev of Israel was studied. Trifluralin exhibited linear sorp tion isotherms on these soils, Trifluralin and dinitramine losses from soils under varying moisture regimes and application practices were determined in open systems. The data were fitted to both first-order and biexponential kinetic equations. In about 50% of cases the biexponential kinetic model provided a better fit to the data, but no relationship could be found between the model parameters and environmental or soil properties. Losses were generally greater at field capacity than at 50% field capacity, and at 27°C than at 15°C, and in soils with a lower organic matter content. The trifluralin application rate was negatively correlated with vegetative growth parameters of cotton, but the correlation became weaker with increasing soil organic carbon content. Trifluralin delayed boll production in coarse textured soils, the longest delay occurring at higher application rates. It is concluded that in light soils that contain very little organic matter, trifluralin rates must be maintained at the minimum level required for adequate weed control to prevent damage to crops.