聚磷酸盐与水溶性磷酸二铵不同比例掺混施用对滴灌棉花产量形成和经济效应的影响

探究聚磷酸盐与常规水溶磷肥在滴灌棉田中最佳的掺混方式,以期达到磷肥施用兼顾经济和高效利用的 目的。在等磷施用量下(P2O5 120 kg/hm²),将聚磷酸铵 1(APP1)、聚磷酸铵 2(APP2)和三聚磷酸钾(KTPP) 按照含 P2O5 占总磷用量的 10%、30% 和 50% 与水溶性磷酸二铵掺混,形成 9 种不同种类的聚磷酸掺混磷肥,依 次表示为 APP1-10、APP2-10、KTPP-10、APP1-30、APP2-30、KTPP-30、APP1-50、APP2-50 和 KTPP-50。同 时设置不掺混聚磷酸盐的常规水溶磷肥(DAP)和不施磷肥(P0)为对照。于滴灌棉花盛花期和盛铃期分别测定 土壤深度 0 ～ 20 和 20 ～ 40 cm 土壤有效磷含量、棉花植株生物量和磷吸收量。同时监测棉花结铃动态,成熟期 测定产量及产量构成。0 ～ 20 cm 土壤有效磷含量、棉花地上部生物量、磷吸收量、棉花单株结铃数、籽棉产量、 伏前桃数、磷肥农学利用率和产投比均随聚磷酸盐掺混比例的增加表现出增加趋势。3 种不同聚磷酸盐在增加土 壤有效磷含量、棉花地上部生物量、磷吸收量、棉花单株结铃数、籽棉产量、伏前桃数、磷肥农学利用率和产投 比上总体表现为 APP2 最优,其次是 KTPP,最后为 APP1。在棉花盛花期和盛铃期,APP2-50 处理 0 ～ 20 cm 土 壤有效磷含量和棉花磷吸收量均显著高于 DAP 和其他施磷处理,20 ～ 40 cm 土壤有效磷在所有施肥处理间无显 著性差异。盛花期 APP2-50 处理棉花生物量与 DAP 无显著差异,但在盛铃期 APP2-50 棉花生物量显著高于 DAP 和其他施磷处理。所有聚磷酸掺混磷肥处理棉花结铃数均显著高于 DAP,但棉花单铃重在各施磷处理间无差异。 APP2-50 处理籽棉产量、磷肥农学利用率和产投比最高。与 DAP 相比,APP2-50 处理籽棉产量、磷肥农学利用率 和产投比分别增加了 10.7%、88.3% 和 7.6%。以上结果表明,将 APP2 按照含 P2O5 占总磷用量的 50% 与水溶性磷 酸二铵掺混施用,可以提高滴灌棉田土壤有效磷含量,且对棉花产量和产投比增加有积极作用,是一种兼顾磷肥 高效和经济施用的施肥选择。     

Sublytic C5b-9 induces protective autophagy in cultured podocytes

AIM: In podocytes, autophagy occurs at a high basal level and dysregulated autophagy is associa-ted with a variety of podocytopathies. This paper is to investigate the role of autophagy in sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte injury. METHODS: Sublytic complement C5b-9 stimulation was used as an in vitro model. Autophagosomes were confirmed using monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Immunoblotting was used to measure the change of autophagy-related markers. Cellular morphological changes were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy were used to detect the expression and distribution of nephrin. The cell viability was assessed by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining. RESULTS: For ensuring sublytic complement injury, the maximal amounts of anti-podocyte antiserum and 160×-diluted normal human serum were used without inducing cell lysis (defined as >5% LDH release). Sublytic C5b-9 promoted autophagy of podocytes in vitro. The proautophagic effect of sublytic C5b-9 manifested in the form of accumulated MDC-labeled vesicles and enhanced the expression of LC3-Ⅱ. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenosine (3-MA) promoted sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte morphological abnormalities. Compared with the sublytic C5b-9-injured podocytes, 3-MA exposure further decreased the expression of nephrin. 3-MA enhanced sublytic C5b-9-induced podocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Sublytic C5b-9 attack induces autophagy, which may play a protective role against complement-mediated podocyte injury.     

热带亚热带山地柱花草品质调控栽培研究

模拟丘陵草地条件的栽培利用试验,多次收割的幼嫩柱花草干草单产比年终一次收割的柱花草下降23%,而品质明显提高,对于喂猪,可消化蛋白质单产反而提高31%,统计结果差异显著。由此可见,多次收割对提高热带亚热带山地柱花草的品质有重要作用。     

两系稻制种穗期病害发生较重的原因及防治措施

调查分析稻粒黑粉病、穗颈稻瘟等两系杂交稻制种穗期主要病害的发生原因,提出了清除菌源、轮换制种、健身栽培、对口药剂防治等防治措施。     

A fine map for maternal lineage analysis by mitochondrial hypervariable region in 12 Chinese goat breeds

As the fast pace of genomic research continues to identify mitochondrial lineages in animals, it has become apparent that many independent studies are needed to support a robust phylogenetic inference. The aim of this study was thus to further characterize the maternal lineage, proposed to originate in southwestern region of China, using a wider survey of diverse goat breeds in China. To this end, we sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the mtDNA control region in 145 goats of 12 Chinese breeds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Chinese goats were classified into four distinct lineages (A, B, C and D) as previously reported. A Mantel test and the analysis of Analysis of Molecular Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was not an obvious geographic structure among Chinese goat breeds. Population expansion analysis based on mismatch distribution and Fu's Fs statistic indicate that two expansion events in Chinese goats occurred respectively at about 11 and 29 mutational time units ago, revealing two star-like subclades in lineage B corresponding to two population expansion events. Moreover, lineage B sequences were presented only in the breeds of southwestern or surrounding regions of China. Multiple lines of evidence from this study and previous studies indicate that for Chinese goats mtDNA lineage B originated from the southwestern region of China.     

不同腐烂程度毛竹蔸微生物变化规律

研究不同腐烂程度毛竹蔸中的微生物菌群,结果发现细菌对数值最低为5.477,最高为7.380;真菌对数值最低为5.301,最高为6.903;放线菌对数值最低为5.740,最高为7.000;纤维素降解菌对数值最低为4.301,最高为6.477;木质素降解菌最低为4.415,最高为6.799。毛竹蔸腐烂过程中,前期各菌增长较快;中期细菌、真菌、放线菌对数值不断变化;后期菌对数值都较高;各菌之间存在着一定的协助和竞争。了解竹林砍伐前期的竹蔸腐烂规律,可为砍伐后的竹蔸降解提供参考,同时为竹蔸微生物在种级单位上的分离提供依据。     

白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’叶片响应低温胁迫的差异蛋白鉴定与分析

为了从蛋白质组学的角度探讨超强抗寒品种白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’的抗寒机理,本研究采用TCA(三氯乙酸)-丙酮沉淀法,提取低温胁迫(4℃,7 d)前后的叶片总蛋白,对蛋白提取方法、IPG(固定pH梯度)胶条种类等环节进行了优化,运用双向电泳和质谱分析技术,鉴定了低温胁迫下‘陇油7号’5叶期叶片总蛋白质组分的表达差异模式。结果表明:改进后的蛋白质提取液(含DTT,二硫苏糖醇)和PVPP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)得到的蛋白质平均浓度较改进前高3.42μg·μL-1,除盐时间较改进前短1.14 h;同时,含蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)的蛋白提取液获得的蛋白质种类丰富,凝胶图谱中可检测到661个蛋白点,较改进前可测蛋白点数(587)提高11.2。采用17 cm p H 4~7的IPG胶条的电泳能更好地分离蛋白,得到重复性好、分辨率高的蛋白质组图谱。利用PDQuest 8.0软件分析比较了超强抗寒品种‘陇油7号’低温胁迫前后的蛋白组表达谱,发现低温胁迫前后共有15个质变的蛋白质点,推测这些差异蛋白点可能与低温胁迫的响应有关。进一步对质变的蛋白质点进行了质谱分析,鉴定出11个与低温胁迫相关的蛋白质点,这些蛋白包括光合作用相关的蛋白、糖代谢相关的蛋白、物质运输相关的蛋白和逆境响应相关的蛋白。而且,低温胁迫处理前后,‘陇油7号’叶片蛋白质的表达水平存在明显差异,这些差异蛋白可能在冬油菜抗寒响应中发挥重要作用。     

Changes of potassium currents in rabbit ventricle with healed myocardial infarction

AIM: To elucidate the mechanism of arrhythmia in healed myocardial infarction (HMI), and to investigate the changes of action potential duration (APD),transient outward potassium current (I_to), delayed rectifier potassium current (I_K) and inward rectifier potassium current (I_K1) of left ventricular myocytes in noninfarcted zone of HMI. METHODS: 12 rabbits were randomly assigned in two groups: HMI group (thoracotomy and ligation of the circumflex coronary); sham-operated group (thoracotomy but no conorary ligation). 3 months after operation, whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record APD, I_to, I_K and I_K1 of ventricular myocytes in non-infarcted zone. RESULTS: Membrane capacitance was larger in HMI group than that in sham-operated group. Action potential duration was lengthened significantly in HMI group and early after depolarization (EAD) appeared in HMI group. The densities of I_to, I_K,tail and I_K1 were reduced significantly in HMI group (P<0.01), from (6.72±0.42) pA/pF, (1.54±0.13) pA/pF and (25.6±2.6) pA/pF in Sham-operated group to (4.03±0.33) pA/pF, (1.14±0.11) pA/pF and (17.6±2.3) pA/pF, respectively. CONCLUSION: The reduced densities of I_to, I_K,tail and I_K1 in ventricular myocytes of non-infarcted zone in HMI are responsible for the prolongation of APD and the presentation of EAD, which play important roles in the malignant arrhythmia of HMI.     

浅谈我国生态农业技术创新理论发展与对策

通过简述了农业技术创新理论的形成、发展与转向,结合中国当代经济、生态、社会等综合因素,定义了农业技术创新理论生态化的内涵,分析了中国现阶段农业生态技术创新的特点与突出问题,为加快我国生态农业技术创新理论的实践与推广,更好的促进三农发展提出了几点建议.     

北京市红小豆标准化生产基地建设的思考

小豆是我国传统出口农产品 ,从近 10年日本进口不同国别的小豆数量和我国小豆生产形势显示 ,我国小豆生产将面临严峻挑战。国外商家、消费者以及生产者都急切希望小豆生产标准化。北京农学院和北京凯达恒业农业技术开发有限公司合作 ,走出了一条新路。以龙头企业带动 ,产学研相结合、产供销一条龙服务 ,与种植农户实行订单 ,在北京地区初步建成了具有一定规模的小豆标准化生产基地。实践表明 ,制定切实可行的绿色食品小豆标准化生产基地发展策略、采取全面落实标准化生产的具体措施 ,对能否建好基地起到决定性作用