湖南省山羊脑多头蚴的线粒体nad1和nad4基因的序列测定及种系发育分析

本研究旨在阐明脑多头蚴湖南分离株线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸( NADH)脱氢酶亚单位1基因(nad1)部分序列(pnad1)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位4基因(nad4)部分序列(pnad4)的遗传变异情况,并用pnad1和pnad4序列重构脑多头蚴与其它带科绦虫的种群遗传关系.利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增脑多头蚴的pnad1和pnad4,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,再用Phylip3.67程序MP法和Mage4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树,同时利用DNAstar5.0中的Megalign程序进行同源性分析.结果显示所获得的pnad1和pnad4序列长度分别均为666和887 bp,湖南分离株与已知多头带绦虫位于同一分枝.由于脑多头蚴pnad1和pnad4序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故均可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为脑多头蚴的分子流行病学和其相关疾病的诊断奠定基础.     

硫酸新霉素可溶性粉在靶动物猪的安全性研究

为了客观评价硫酸新霉素可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,将32头仔猪随机分为4组,每组8头,分别设1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量组和空白对照组,连续混饮硫酸新霉素可溶性粉15 d,通过检测各组受试猪的临床表现、血液常规指标、血清生化指标、尿液常规指标及病理学变化等评价其临床用药的安全性。结果:硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以5倍临床推荐剂量内应用于靶动物猪后,对其临床症状、体重、血常规、血生化及尿常规等指标没有显著影响,解剖学及病理组织学检查也未见任何病理变化,说明硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量应用于靶动物猪是安全的。     

组学技术分析肉鸡胚胎发育过程中肝脏蛋白表达的变化

旨在探讨肉鸡胚胎在发育中后期肝脏蛋白水平的变化。本试验选取120枚重量为（65±0.2）g的罗氏308肉鸡种蛋,分为14胚龄（E14）和出壳1日龄（H1）两组,每组3个重复,每个重复20枚种蛋。孵化至E14胚龄和H1日龄时,采集肝脏组织样本,应用相对和绝对定量的等量异位标签（isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ）结合生物信息学分析技术筛选核心差异蛋白。结果显示,在E14和H1日龄之间共筛选出10个核心差异蛋白,主要促进脂肪酸降解（上调ACOX1、ACSL1、ACSL5、CPT1A和ECI2）和糖异生（上调ALDH3A2、FBP1、FBP2、GPI和PGM2,下调LDHB和ALDH9A1）。试验结果提示,胚胎发育的主要能量供给途径是脂肪酸降解,而不是糖酵解。此外,糖异生增多,促进糖原储存以应对出壳以及营养环境变化。     

Context‐dependent responses of food‐hoarding to competitors in Apodemus peninsulae: implications for coexistence among asymmetrical species

Superior species may have distinct advantages over subordinates within asymmetrical interactions among sympatric animals. However, exactly how the subordinate species coexists with superior species is unknown. In the forests west of Beijing City, intense asymmetrical interactions of food competition exist among granivorous rodents (e.g. Apodemus peninsulae, Niviventer confucianus, Sciurotamias davidianus and Tscherskia triton) that have broadly overlapping habitats and diets but have varied body size (range 15–300 g), hoarding habits (scatter vs larder) and/or daily rhythm (diurnal vs nocturnal). The smallest rodent, A. peninsulae, which typically faces high competitive pressure from larger rodents, is an ideal model to explore how subordinate species coexist with superior species. Under semi‐natural enclosure conditions, we tested responses of seed‐hoarding behavior in A. peninsulae to intraspecific and interspecific competitors in the situations of pre‐competition (without competitor), competition (with competitor) and post‐competition (competitor removed). The results showed that for A. peninsulae, the intensity of larder‐hoarding increased and the intensity of scatter‐hoarding declined in the presence of intraspecifics and S. davidianus, whereas A. peninsulae ceased foraging and hoarding in the presence of N. confucianus and T. triton. A. peninsulae reduced intensity of hoarding outside the nest and moved more seeds into the nest for larder‐hoarding under competition from intraspecific individuals and S. davidianus. In most cases, the experimental animals could recover to their original state of pre‐competition when competitors were removed. These results suggest that subordinate species contextually regulate their food‐hoarding strategies according to different competitors, promoting species coexistence among sympatric animals that have asymmetrical food competition.     

三峡库区野生红三叶苗期抗旱性灰色关联分析

以三峡库区采集的9份野生红三叶和3份国内外品种为材料,在干旱胁迫下,测定其地上生物量、地下生物量和脯氨酸含量等10项指标,进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,筛选出地下生物量、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素a含量3项可对红三叶抗旱性进行评价的指标;根据红三叶抗旱性评估模型综合评估值(φ_K)得出材料的抗旱性排序为:瑞德(Red)>CQ5>CQ9>多丽(Dory)>CQ2>CQ4>CQ7>CQ3>CQ1>巫溪>CQ8>CQ6。     

添加亚油酸条件下不同剂量硝酸钠对水牛瘤胃体外发酵脂肪酸组成及相关微生物数量的影响

为了探究添加亚油酸条件下不同剂量硝酸钠对水牛瘤胃体外发酵脂肪酸组成及相关微生物数量的影响,本试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的母水牛,以精粗比40:60为底物进行瘤胃液体外发酵试验.试验组硝酸钠的浓度分别为1、2、3 mg·mL-1,对照组不加硝酸钠,每组均添加0.25 mg·mL-1的亚油酸,每组各5个重复.在体外培养...     

应用流式细胞术检测脂肪肝综合征肉鸡肝细胞生长周期与凋亡

用高能低蛋白饲料饲喂1日龄三黄肉鸡7周,建立脂肪肝综合征(FLS)病理模型,以流式细胞术的方法检测肝细胞生长周期及细胞凋亡,以探讨FLS的发病机理。与对照鸡比较,5~7周龄试验鸡肝细胞S期、G2+M期和增殖指数(PI)降低,G0/G1期升高;肝细胞凋亡率4~7周龄显著升高(P<0.01)。结果表明,高能饲料在体内氧化,产生大量自由基,损伤肝细胞DNA,使肝细胞分裂增殖减缓并发生凋亡,同时低蛋白饲料缺少转运脂质的必要条件,脂肪堆积于肝细胞内,肝细胞的功能受损而发生FLS。     

植物多酚的解毒作用及其在动物生产中的应用

多酚是植物次生代谢产物,具有抗氧化、消炎、抗菌、解毒等生物活性,是理想的抗生素替代品,在畜牧和水产应用十分广泛,但其解毒功能尚未被充分认知.文章综述植物多酚的解毒作用及其在动物生产中的应用,以期为植物多酚的研究与应用提供参考.