用冠气温差指导冬小麦灌溉的指标研究

对6个不同灌水处理的冬小麦测定其冠气温差,计算水分胁迫指数,并建立水分胁迫指数与冬小麦产量之间的关系结果表明,冠气温差与土壤含水量有良好的相关关系,冠气温差由正值变为负值相对应的1m土层土壤含水量为田间持水量的60％左右,可作为灌水的下限指标。对充分供水的冬小麦,中午时段随大气饱和水汽压差的增加,冠气温差的负值越大,具有良好的线性关系。据此建立了充分供水条件下冠气温差与饱和水汽压差的关系方程,作为基线方程,计算不同灌水处理的冬小麦旺盛生长期间水分胁迫指数（CWSI）。水分胁迫指数与最终作物经济产量的关系是一非线性关系,随水分胁迫指数的减少而产量增加,但当水分胁迫指数减少到一定程度时产量达到最大,这时水分胁迫指数若再减少,产量反而降低。结果显示平均水分胁迫指数在0.1-0.2左右,是冬小麦最优产量所允许的水分供应状态。     

近50年来王茂沟流域侵蚀沟变化及其影响因素

基于1968年、2004年和2018年3期高分遥感影像,以王茂沟流域为典型研究区,提取了3个时间点的沟沿线、土地利用、水土保持措施、植被覆盖度和LS因子,对近50年侵蚀沟时空变化特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)用遥感方法采集的信息,可基本满足侵蚀沟中长期变化分析;(2)50年来王茂沟流域侵蚀沟一直处于变化中,时间上变化速度逐渐减缓,前期和后期沟头年均前进速率分别为0.30,0.27m/a,沟壁年均扩张速率分别为0.009,0.004 m/a;空间上2个时期年均侵蚀沟变化密度大于200 m/(km^2·a)的值分别占比26.89%,7.07%,且多分布在流域中下游;(3)1968—2004年侵蚀沟变化主要受到土地利用变化和水土保持措施增加的影响,2005—2018年,侵蚀沟变化主要受到植被覆盖度进一步提高和土地利用多样性的影响。研究有助于量化分析多年治理过程中侵蚀沟的变化及其影响因素,能对退耕还林还草工程实施前后侵蚀沟治理的生态效益评价提供重要参考。     

种植行距对冬小麦田土壤蒸发与水分利用的影响

农田土壤蒸发不参与作物的生理和生产过程,属非生产性无效耗水。本研究采用Micro-lysimeters(MLS)对不同种植行距的麦田土壤蒸发测定结果表明,土壤蒸发随种植行距的增加而增大,窄行距种植的小麦冠层盖度较大,有利于抑制土壤蒸发。整个生育期7.5cm、15.0cm和30.0cm行距土壤蒸发分别为89.1mm、104.2mm和121.9mm,以15cm为对照,7.5cm行距麦田对土壤蒸发的抑制率为14.5%,而30cm行距麦田土壤蒸发增加17.0%。     

钩刺山羊草(Aegilops triuncialis)低分子量谷蛋白基因序列分析

根据低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)基因编码区保守序列设计引物,对钩刺山羊草(AegilopstriuncialisL,2n=4x=28,CCUU)PI483029总DNA进行PCR扩增,得到长度为900和1065bp的DNA片段,克隆测序后获得2个LMW-GS基因,GenBank登录号分别为AY841016和AY841017。它们具有小麦LMW-GS基因的典型结构特征。其中,AY841017具有完整编码区,长度为1065bp,可编码322个氨基酸残基的成熟蛋白,第一个半胱氨酸残基出现在重复区第13位。在重复区,AY841017的两个疏水单元为PIIIL和PVIIL,重复区中还存在一个连续13个Q(谷氨酰胺)组成的短肽。AY841016由于编码区内存在提前终止密码子,为假基因。氨基酸序列比较发现,AY841017与普通小麦(IriticumaestivumL.)Glu-D3位点编码的LMW-GS基因有很高的一致性。     

优化施肥提高晚稻肥料利用率试验

通过对晚稻优化施肥与习惯施肥氮磷钾肥料利用率的对比试验,结果表明:晚稻优化施肥比习惯施肥产量增加7.1%;缺素均造成减产,缺氮区减产最严重;优化施肥的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别提高5.37、6.66、6.30个百分点。     

小檗碱复方对桃褐腐病的田间防效和安全性评价

[目的]探讨小檗碱复方对桃褐腐病的田间防治效果及安全性.[方法]根据杀菌剂作用机制选择β-微管蛋白抑制剂多菌灵、甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂腈苯唑和苯醌外部抑制剂(QoIs)嘧菌酯作为阳性对照,研究了10％小檗碱可湿性粉剂不同稀释倍数(5000、4 000、3 000、1 500、800倍)对桃褐腐病的防治效果及安全性.[结果]10％小檗碱可湿性粉剂4 000倍稀释液防治效果与对照药剂无显著差异,防治效果达70％以上;10％小檗碱可湿性粉剂剂量范围内对桃树安全.[结论]为小蘖碱在作物病害防治上的推广应用提供了参考.     

长期施肥对黑垆土冬小麦、玉米产量和磷素利用效率的影响

以甘肃省平凉市1979—2007年的肥料长期定位试验为基础,研究了长期不同施肥方式和施肥量对黑垆土冬小麦和玉米的产量、磷素吸收利用的影响,结果表明,长期施磷[氮磷肥配合施用(NP)、氮磷肥和秸秆配合施用(SNP)、单施有机肥(M)、氮磷肥和有机肥配合施用(MNP)]的冬小麦折合产量为3 519~4 621 kg/hm2,玉米折合产量为5 303~6 332 kg/hm2,二者均较不施磷处理[(不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)]提高了2~4倍。施磷处理之间的玉米、冬小麦产量无显著差异,且玉米的吸磷量均高于冬小麦。经过28 a的施磷处理,玉米的农学利用效率为12.42~77.10 kg/kg,冬小麦的农学利用效率为9.13~73.41 kg/kg;玉米季的磷肥回收率平均为5.18%~30.15%,冬小麦季为2.93%~20.07%。玉米季磷肥农学利用效率和回收率的平均值均高于冬小麦季。     

Prokaryotic infection associated with a mass mortality of the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus

Abstract. A mass mortality of the deep sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus , which occurred in the autumn and winter of 1979–80, in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island was studied. Grossly the animals possessed greyish, flaccid adductor muscles and histologically they showed myodegeneration. Eighty-eight per cent of the 34 animals examined were infected with intracellular prokaryotes on the gills, plicate membranes and other epithelial surfaces of the body. The morphology of this prokaryotic organism is suggestive of rickettsia. Heavy infection was positively correlated with extensive myodegeneration.     

The Effect of Caffeic Acid on Zearalenone-induced Ovarian Granulosa Cell Apoptosis in Mice

Ovarian granulosa cells provide a special microenvironment for follicle formation and maturation through interaction with oocytes and their own secretion. A variety of harmful stimuli can cause granulosa cell apoptosis and metabolic disorders, reduce the quality of oocytes and have a negative impact on embryo formation. Zearalenone (ZEA) is a common cause of ovarian granulosa cells injury in the livestock industry, which is produced by mycotoxins, and lack of effective treatment drug. Therefore, in the current study zearalenone was used to induce ovarian granulosa cell injury and to explore the protective effect of caffeic acid on zearalenone-induced ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in mice. Mouse ovarian granulosa cells were isolated by mechanical method, and indirect immunofluorescence was used to identify the isolated cells. MTT assay was used to determine the effect of caffeic acid on the activity of normal mouse ovarian granulosa cells.After granulosa cells were co-treated with caffeic acid (200, 100 and 50 μg·mL^-1) and ZEA for 24 hours, and control and ZEA group were set up at the same time, cell morphology and adherence were observed under a microscope. MTT was also used to detect cell viability. Caspase-3 mRNA expression level was detected by qRT-PCR. Cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP protein expre-ssion levels were determined by Western blot. The results showed that positive FSHR staining appeared in cell cytoplasm of the test group, which confirmed that the isolated cells were mouse ovarian granulosa cells. The cell viability was above 90% which showed that caffeic acid had no toxic effect on granulosa cells. Compared with control group, ZEA group had smaller cell size, poor adherence, increased cell gap, and significant reduction in cell viability (P<0.001). Furthermore, the relative expression of caspase-3 mRNA, and cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP protein level were significantly increased (P<0.001) compared with the control group. After caffeic acid treatment, cell gap was reduced, adherence was tight, cell viability was significantly increased (P<0.001). Caffeic acid significantly reduced zearalenone-induced increase in caspase-3 mRNA, and cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP protein expression level (P<0.001). This study indicated that caffeic acid can restore granulosa cell viability by inhibiting ZEA-induced apoptosis.     

小米紅叶病的研究Ⅲ.小米紅叶病的传染方法

 比較大規模的传病試驗的結果証知小米红叶病病毒不借种子传播,很难或者不能用机械式方法传染。