优化施肥提高晚稻肥料利用率试验

通过对晚稻优化施肥与习惯施肥氮磷钾肥料利用率的对比试验,结果表明:晚稻优化施肥比习惯施肥产量增加7.1%;缺素均造成减产,缺氮区减产最严重;优化施肥的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别提高5.37、6.66、6.30个百分点。     

小檗碱复方对桃褐腐病的田间防效和安全性评价

[目的]探讨小檗碱复方对桃褐腐病的田间防治效果及安全性.[方法]根据杀菌剂作用机制选择β-微管蛋白抑制剂多菌灵、甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂腈苯唑和苯醌外部抑制剂(QoIs)嘧菌酯作为阳性对照,研究了10％小檗碱可湿性粉剂不同稀释倍数(5000、4 000、3 000、1 500、800倍)对桃褐腐病的防治效果及安全性.[结果]10％小檗碱可湿性粉剂4 000倍稀释液防治效果与对照药剂无显著差异,防治效果达70％以上;10％小檗碱可湿性粉剂剂量范围内对桃树安全.[结论]为小蘖碱在作物病害防治上的推广应用提供了参考.     

长期施肥对黑垆土冬小麦、玉米产量和磷素利用效率的影响

以甘肃省平凉市1979—2007年的肥料长期定位试验为基础,研究了长期不同施肥方式和施肥量对黑垆土冬小麦和玉米的产量、磷素吸收利用的影响,结果表明,长期施磷[氮磷肥配合施用(NP)、氮磷肥和秸秆配合施用(SNP)、单施有机肥(M)、氮磷肥和有机肥配合施用(MNP)]的冬小麦折合产量为3 519~4 621 kg/hm2,玉米折合产量为5 303~6 332 kg/hm2,二者均较不施磷处理[(不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)]提高了2~4倍。施磷处理之间的玉米、冬小麦产量无显著差异,且玉米的吸磷量均高于冬小麦。经过28 a的施磷处理,玉米的农学利用效率为12.42~77.10 kg/kg,冬小麦的农学利用效率为9.13~73.41 kg/kg;玉米季的磷肥回收率平均为5.18%~30.15%,冬小麦季为2.93%~20.07%。玉米季磷肥农学利用效率和回收率的平均值均高于冬小麦季。     

Prokaryotic infection associated with a mass mortality of the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus

Abstract. A mass mortality of the deep sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus , which occurred in the autumn and winter of 1979–80, in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island was studied. Grossly the animals possessed greyish, flaccid adductor muscles and histologically they showed myodegeneration. Eighty-eight per cent of the 34 animals examined were infected with intracellular prokaryotes on the gills, plicate membranes and other epithelial surfaces of the body. The morphology of this prokaryotic organism is suggestive of rickettsia. Heavy infection was positively correlated with extensive myodegeneration.     

The Effect of Caffeic Acid on Zearalenone-induced Ovarian Granulosa Cell Apoptosis in Mice

Ovarian granulosa cells provide a special microenvironment for follicle formation and maturation through interaction with oocytes and their own secretion. A variety of harmful stimuli can cause granulosa cell apoptosis and metabolic disorders, reduce the quality of oocytes and have a negative impact on embryo formation. Zearalenone (ZEA) is a common cause of ovarian granulosa cells injury in the livestock industry, which is produced by mycotoxins, and lack of effective treatment drug. Therefore, in the current study zearalenone was used to induce ovarian granulosa cell injury and to explore the protective effect of caffeic acid on zearalenone-induced ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in mice. Mouse ovarian granulosa cells were isolated by mechanical method, and indirect immunofluorescence was used to identify the isolated cells. MTT assay was used to determine the effect of caffeic acid on the activity of normal mouse ovarian granulosa cells.After granulosa cells were co-treated with caffeic acid (200, 100 and 50 μg·mL^-1) and ZEA for 24 hours, and control and ZEA group were set up at the same time, cell morphology and adherence were observed under a microscope. MTT was also used to detect cell viability. Caspase-3 mRNA expression level was detected by qRT-PCR. Cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP protein expre-ssion levels were determined by Western blot. The results showed that positive FSHR staining appeared in cell cytoplasm of the test group, which confirmed that the isolated cells were mouse ovarian granulosa cells. The cell viability was above 90% which showed that caffeic acid had no toxic effect on granulosa cells. Compared with control group, ZEA group had smaller cell size, poor adherence, increased cell gap, and significant reduction in cell viability (P<0.001). Furthermore, the relative expression of caspase-3 mRNA, and cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP protein level were significantly increased (P<0.001) compared with the control group. After caffeic acid treatment, cell gap was reduced, adherence was tight, cell viability was significantly increased (P<0.001). Caffeic acid significantly reduced zearalenone-induced increase in caspase-3 mRNA, and cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP protein expression level (P<0.001). This study indicated that caffeic acid can restore granulosa cell viability by inhibiting ZEA-induced apoptosis.     

小米紅叶病的研究Ⅲ.小米紅叶病的传染方法

 比較大規模的传病試驗的結果証知小米红叶病病毒不借种子传播,很难或者不能用机械式方法传染。     

干旱胁迫下3种岩石边坡生态修复植物的抗旱性

植物的抗旱性直接影响着岩石边坡生态修复的效果。为研究不同植物在持续干旱下的抗旱机理,选择草地早熟禾、狗牙根和红三叶3种常用于岩石边坡生态修复的植物,采用盆栽控水试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究干旱胁迫下3种植物叶片的相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛（MDA）含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和叶绿素含量6个生理生化指标的变化情况。结果表明：所有参试植物的生理生化指标都随干旱胁迫的程度而变化,但植物之间和生理生化指标之间存在差异。运用模糊数学隶属函数分析法和灰色关联分析法,综合评价3种植物的抗旱性和各指标对干旱胁迫的敏感性。结果显示：干旱前期和中期,植物的抗旱性为：狗牙根＞红三叶＞草地早熟禾;干旱后期,植物的抗旱性为：草地早熟禾＞狗牙根＞红三叶;各生理生化指标与植物抗旱隶属度的关联度从大到小依次为0.708,0.694,0.638,0.630,0.609和0.607,可作为岩石边坡生态修复抗旱性植物筛选的评价指标,其中,以叶绿素含量和相对含水量对干旱胁迫的反应最为敏感。     

车前草白粉病的病原菌鉴定

为了探明河南商丘地区车前草白粉病病原菌的系统进化关系,为其防治提供理论依据,采用形态学、致病性、分子系统学鉴定方法对该地区的车前草白粉病病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明:1)商丘地区车前草白粉病病原菌的分生孢子呈近柱形或桶形,无纤维体,大小为(25～36)μm×(13～17)μm,3～5个串生;分生孢子梗稍弯曲,无分枝,大小为(149～215)μm×(11～16)μm,其脚胞呈柱状,大小为(45～64)μm×(10～15)μm;病原菌接种叶片与自然状态叶片的病症相似,均为不定形的污白色斑。2)对核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)序列进行PCR扩增、测序获得594bp目的片段(GenBank登录号:JQ 845878),经MEGA3.1软件序列分析发现其与来自污色高氏白粉菌(Golovinomyces sordidus)的AF 011309、AB077658序列聚为1枝,而与来自同属另3个种的ITS序列的亲缘关系较远。结论:河南省商丘地区的车前草白粉病病原菌为G.sordidus。     

抗旱小麦新品种晋麦91号选育研究

晋麦91号是山西省农业科学院小麦研究所和中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心共同育成的抗旱高产小麦新品种。该品种具有产量高、稳产性好、抗逆性强、适应性广等特点。2010—2011年在山西省南部旱地区试中,平均产量3 048.0 kg/hm2,比对照晋麦47号增产7.9%;2011年在山西省南部旱地生产试验中,产量达3 180.0 kg/hm2,比对照增产8.8%。该品种2011年12月通过山西省品种审定委员会审定,适合山西省南部麦区旱地大面积推广种植。     

郑州市宠物弓形虫病流行病学调查

为了解郑州市近年来宠物弓形虫病的感染情况,于2010-2011年对该地区一些宠物医院的犬、猫分年龄段进行了详细的流行病学调查。结果发现,该地区宠物犬的弓形虫抗体阳性率为34.9%(83/238),其中1～3岁的宠物犬抗体阳性率最高,为52.6%(20/38);宠物猫的弓形虫抗体阳性率为52.3%(102/195),其中≥5岁的宠物猫抗体阳性率最高,为61.3%(46/75);而通过饱和糖盐水漂浮法检查,在猫粪便中没有发现弓形虫阳性卵囊。将此调查结果与其他地区相比较,发现郑州市宠物弓形虫病感染率相对较高,应加强该地区的弓形虫病防控措施。