论林机产品设计中的人——机工程学及其应用

一、引言 以往的林业机械设计,一直沿用三段设计法(即方案设计、技术设计、施工设计),但是,用该方法进行设计时,贯穿设计过程始末的是物与物的关系,很少考虑人驱使林业机械进行正常工作的因素,如人对林机产品的心理、生理适应性和要求。任何林业机械,最终都与人发生关系,需要人去操作管理,才能发挥其功能。据调查,伐区作业机械的停机事故大约40％是由于人操作或管理方面的原因造成的。三段设计法忽略了人与     

鸽鼠伤寒沙门氏菌血清凝集方法的建立

本文描述了鸽鼠伤寒沙门氏菌血清凝集方法的建立步骤，并对此方法的可靠性和在实际生产中的可操作性作了简要分析。     

Impacts of seasonal air and soil temperatures on photosynthesis in Scots pine trees

Seasonal courses of light-saturated rate of net photosynthesis (A360) and stomatal conductance (gs) were examined in detached 1-year-old needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from early April to mid-November. To evaluate the effects of soil frost and low soil temperatures on gas exchange, the extent and duration of soil frost, as well as the onset of soil warming, were manipulated in the field. During spring, early summer and autumn, the patterns of A360 and gs in needles from the control and warm-soil plots were generally strongly related to daily mean air temperatures and the frequency of severe frost. The warm-soil treatment had little effect on gas exchange, although mean soil temperature in the warm-soil plot was 3.8 degrees C higher than in the control plot during spring and summer, indicating that A360 and gs in needles from control trees were not limited by low soil temperature alone. In contrast, prolonged exposure to soil temperatures slightly above 0 degrees C severely restricted recovery of A360 and especially gs in needles from the cold-soil treatment during spring and early summer; however, full recovery of both A360 and gs occurred in late summer. We conclude that inhibition of A360 by low soil temperatures is related to both stomatal closure and effects on the biochemistry of photosynthesis, the relative importance of which appeared to vary during spring and early summer. During the autumn, soil temperatures as low as 8 degrees C did not affect either A360 or gs.     

Reimplementation of the Biome-BGC model to simulate successional change

Biogeochemical process models are increasingly employed to simulate current and future forest dynamics, but most simulate only a single canopy type. This limitation means that mixed stands, canopy succession and understory dynamics cannot be modeled, severe handicaps in many forests. The goals of this study were to develop a version of Biome-BGC that supported multiple, interacting vegetation types, and to assess its performance and limitations by comparing modeled results to published data from a 150-year boreal black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) chronosequence in northern Manitoba, Canada. Model data structures and logic were modified to support an arbitrary number of interacting vegetation types; an explicit height calculation was necessary to prioritize radiation and precipitation interception. Two vegetation types, evergreen needle-leaf and deciduous broadleaf, were modeled based on site-specific meteorological and physiological data. The new version of Biome-BGC reliably simulated observed changes in leaf area, net primary production and carbon stocks, and should be useful for modeling the dynamics of mixed-species stands and ecological succession. We discuss the strengths and limitations of Biome-BGC for this application, and note areas in which further work is necessary for reliable simulation of boreal biogeochemical cycling at a landscape scale.     

轮系分析系统化的研究

本文提出了一种轮系分析的系统化方法。这种方法以轮系组成机构符号为基础,直接构造出轮系分析的数学模型,利用现有的计算机程序进行处理。它不仅能处理各种不同轮系的分析问题,还能将同一轮系不同分析问题(如运动学问题,动力学问题和功率问题)的求解一体化、程序化,可作为轮系CAD的基础。     

移动通信基站的环境纠纷问题

指出了随着移动通讯的发展,移动通讯设施的不断增加,移动通信基站投诉纠纷问题逐渐凸显。根据浙江省辐射环境监测站2009～2013年期间承接的移动通信基站委托监测数据,分析了投诉纠纷的原因,并从公众、建设单位及环保部门的角度提出了应对投诉纠纷的意见及建议。     

A quantitative review of tebuconazole effect on fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content in wheat

ABSTRACT A meta-analysis of the effect of tebuconazole (e.g., Folicur 3.6F) on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol (DON) content of wheat grain was performed using data collected from uniform fungicide trials (UFTs) conducted at multiple locations across U.S. wheat-growing regions. Response ratios (mean disease and DON levels from tebuconazole-treated plots, divided by mean disease and DON levels from untreated check plots) were calculated for each of 139 studies for tebuconazole effect on Fusarium head blight index (IND; field or plot-level disease severity, i.e., mean proportion of diseased spikelets per spike) and 101 studies for tebuconazole effect on DON contamination of harvested grain. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on the log-transformed ratios, and the estimated mean log ratios were transformed to estimate the mean (expected) percent control for IND ( C(IND) ) and DON ( C(DON)). A mixed effects meta-analysis was then done to determine the effects of wheat type (spring versus winter wheat) and disease and DON levels in the controls on the log ratios. Tebuconazole was more effective at limiting IND than DON, with C(IND) and C(DON) values of 40.3 and 21.6%, respectively. The efficacy of tebuconazole as determined by the impact on both IND and DON was greater in spring wheat than in winter wheat (P < 0.01), with a 13.2% higher C(IND) and a 12.4% higher C(DON) in spring wheat than in winter wheat. In general, C(IND) and C(DON) were both at their lowest values (and not significantly different from 0) when mean IND and DON in the controls, respectively, were low (相似文献   

胆固醇和磷脂酰胆碱对山羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

为探究胆固醇(CHL)和磷脂酰胆碱(PC)对山羊精液冷冻保存效果,分别在精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度的CHL(1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0 g/L)、PC(10、15、20、25 g/L),以15%卵黄(EY)作为对照。通过测定冷冻解冻后精子的活力、顶体完整率、精子运动参数、质膜完整率、精子磷脂和胆固醇含量来判断保存效果。结果表明,精液冷冻显著降低山羊精子磷脂和胆固醇含量,分别添加5 g/L CHL和10 g/L PC,精子冷冻解冻后,在活力、顶体完整率、质膜完整率和运动参数与对照组差异不显著。进一步将CHL和PC混合添加发现,4 g/L CHL+16 g/L PC解冻后精子活力、曲线速率、平均路径速度和顶体完整率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且可以改善冷冻后精子磷脂和胆固醇含量。运用4 g/L CHL+16 g/L PC冷冻保存精子进行山羊人工授精,其受胎率和产仔率与EY组差异不显著,冷冻稀释液中添加4 g/L CHL+16 g/L PC显著提高山羊精液冷冻保存效果。     

中国龙虾叶状幼体摄食、生长、存活与盐度的关系

龙虾是十足目 ( Decapoda)、步行亚目( Reptantia)中的重要经济种类。我国东南沿海分布的是一种中国龙虾 ( Panulirus stimpsoni) ,因其味道鲜美、营养丰富而倍受人们青睐 ,是名贵的海鲜珍品。随着人们生活水平的不断提高 ,龙虾的消费量与日俱增 ,产品供不应求 ,市场前景相当广阔。但由于酷渔滥捕 ,加之近海环境污染 ,龙虾的自然资源已呈衰退态势。龙虾一生经历叶状幼体、游龙虾幼体、后游龙虾幼体、稚龙虾和成熟龙虾等几个发育阶段 ,其生活方式先后为浮游、游泳和底栖。龙虾在近岸产卵、孵化 ,叶状幼体随潮流漂浮至外海 ,在远洋漂浮 6～ …     

国家芸豆新品种区域试验分析与评价

通过国家食用豆现代农业产业技术体系平台,引进芸豆新品种筛选鉴定.结果表明,龙29-1260,单产达3 986.87 kg/hm2,比对照增产1 786.76 kg/hm2,增81.21％;龙24-0511,单产为3 703.52 kg/hm2,比对照增产1 503.41 kg/hm2,增68.33％;龙25-1,单产为3 396.84 kg/hm2,比对照增产1 196.73 kg/hm2,增54.39％.这3个品种抗旱性强,抗倒性好,生育期适中,没有病害发生,通过新品种引进能有效提高云南省芸豆品种的单产.