青花椒采收机环切式穗枝分离装置设计与试验

青花椒采收过程中,果皮上散生多数突起的油苞极易破裂导致果实干后变黑,有效成分挥发而严重影响质量。青花椒的油苞破损程度直接影响其品质,在保证花椒低油苞破损率的前提下,为实现花椒机械化采收,基于枝条环切原理,设计了一种花椒采收机的穗枝分离装置。通过理论分析得到影响采收效果的结构参数和作业参数,并根据花椒枝条物理特性和加工经济性进行优化。选取环切式穗枝分离装置的环切刀刃口角度、环切刀转速和枝条进给速度为试验因素,以花椒采收效率和油苞破损率作为评价指标,进行了单因素试验及二次正交旋转组合试验。采用响应曲面法对试验结果进行分析并找出主控因素,运用Design-Expert软件的多目标优化算法进行参数优化。结果表明,枝条进给速度是影响花椒采收效率和油苞破损率的主要因素,枝条进给速度与花椒采收效率成正比关系。各因素对花椒采收效率和油苞破损率的影响程度由大到小依次为枝条进给速度＞环切刀转速＞环切刀刃口角度。随着枝条进给速度的增加,花椒采收效率迅速提高,花椒油苞破损率先缓慢增加后急剧增加。随着环切刀转速的增加,花椒采收效率并无明显增加,在枝条进给速度＜0.4 m/s时,花椒油苞破损率随环切刀转速增加先小幅减小后趋于平稳最后小幅增加,在枝条进给速度＞0.4 m/s时,花椒油苞破损率随环切刀转速增加平稳减小。该装置最优参数组合:环切刀转速2 800 r/min,枝条进给速度0.45 m/s,环切刀刃口角度25°。样机田间试验表明,花椒采收效率和油苞破损率分别为50.7 kg/h和6.7%,优于目前人工采摘作业效果。      

Adiponectin protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from lipid peroxidation

AIM:To study the effect of adiponectin (APN) on lipid peroxidation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro.METHODS:The effect of H2O2 on apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC labeling.The concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) in HUVECs was detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured by colorimetric assay.The scavenging rate on superoxide anion radicals in xanthine oxidase system and OH radicals produced by Fenton reaction were also tested.RESULTS:APN significantly inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis.H2O2 increased MDA production and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT, which were inhibited by APN.APN did not alter the activities of SOD and CAT in normal condition.APN dose-dependently decreased the superoxide anion radicals, with the scavenging rate of 11.9%, 21.4%, 36.9%,respectively, and scavenged OH radicals.CONCLUSION:APN inhibits apoptosis and protects endothelial cells against lipid peroxidation insult by scavenging the free radicals.     

食用菊花扦插繁殖影响因素的初步研究

从基质选择、插穗长度、生根粉处理及食用菊花品种几个方面,对影响食用菊花扦插繁殖成活率的有关因素进行了研究。结果表明,珍珠岩是食用菊花扦插的首选基质;插穗长度为10 cm时生根情况较好;生根粉能够显著促进插穗生根;食用菊花插穗生根能力不同品种间差异较大。     

离子注入对羽扇豆当代生长发育的影响

通过对羽扇豆种子注入不同种类和浓度的离子,研究了不同离子对羽扇豆当代生长发育的影响.结果表明:低能30 keV 3×1017、5×1017ions/cm2的H+离子可降低羽扇豆的出苗率和成活率,而6MeV 1×1013、 5×1013ions/cm2的C+离子和4MeV 9×1012ions/cm2的Cu+离子可提高羽扇豆的出苗率与成活率.不同离子注入处理对羽扇豆植株的株高、株幅、叶径、花色、结实率等无显著影响,但均可提前羽扇豆的花期14～20 d.     

金耳菌丝体醇提物体外抗肿瘤抗病毒活性研究

采用体外肿瘤细胞株(小鼠白血病细胞株L1210、人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7和人肠腺癌细胞株SW620)的增殖抑制试验模型和抗病毒(流感甲型病毒和疱疹病毒)的筛选模型,对3个金耳(Tremella aurantialba)菌株菌丝体醇提物活性进行比较研究.抗肿瘤试验结果表明,3种提取物材料在高浓度(200 μg/mL)时,对3个供试肿瘤细胞株的细胞增殖均有明显的抑制作用,其中以YK的抑制活性最高(对L1210、SW620和MCF-7的抑制率分别为89.4%,75.0%和64.1%);在中浓度(50 μg/mL)时,均表现出一定的抑制作用;而在低浓度(10 μg/mL)时,则均无明显的抑制作用.抗流感甲型病毒和抗疱疹病毒试验结果表明,只有YK对流感甲型病毒表现有抗病毒活性,但此活性较弱.     

利用根尖微核技术对白河水质的研究

利用蚕豆根尖微核检测技术对南阳市区白河河段不同样点的河水进行检测.南阳大桥处的流水污染程度较轻,滨河路尽头距橡胶坝约200 m处的河边流水污染程度重,其它各处均为中度污染.严格监管南阳市区白河两岸的工厂、企业、养殖户等的排污及治理情况,加强对游人、垂钓者等的道德、法制宣传教育,采取相应的无损市民生命安全、可以维持生态系统平衡的河水治污方式净化河水.     

膜下滴灌对加工番茄水分利用效率与品质的影响

在新疆石河子研究了膜下滴灌对加工番茄耗水特征、水分利用效率和品质的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌处理番茄总耗水量较常规沟灌降低8.37%~59.33%,总耗水量也随滴灌量的增加而增加。膜下滴灌加工番茄耗水量以盛果期最高,开花座果期次之,成熟期和苗期最低,其日耗水强度表现出先升后降的变化趋势,总体低于常规沟灌处理。与常规沟灌相比,膜下滴灌能提高番茄果实硬度、可溶性固形物、番茄红素、Vc、可溶性酸和总糖含量以及糖酸比。从节水高产灌溉的角度考虑,当地加工番茄膜下滴灌量以6150 m3/hm2较为适宜。     

轻卡汽车门锁故障分析与解决措施

门锁的定义为锁止车门的机构,主要包括锁体、挡块、内外操纵机构和内外锁止机构,是驾驶室的保护安全部件.本文介绍了轻卡汽车门锁常见故障.分析了门锁失效原因,提出了对轻卡汽车门锁常见问题的解决措施.     

某汽车转向纵拉杆设计分析

转向纵拉杆是汽车转向传动机构中重要的零部件,通过转向纵拉杆受力分析,对转向纵拉杆的强度、稳定性进行了校核,提供了纵拉杆设计分析的参考.     

Role and regulation of calcineurin in angiotensin Ⅱ-stimulated cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats

AIM: To study the role and regulation of calcineurin(CaN) in angiotensin II(AngⅡ)-stimulated cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy of rats. METHODS: Using AngⅡ to induce the cultured cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats, and investigating the effect of CaN inhibitor on [³H]-leucine incorporation of AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes and the regulation of various factors on CaN activity in cardiomyocytes.RESULTS: AngⅡ can stimulate the CaN activity in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In cardiac myocytes incubated with 10, 100, 1000 nmol·L^-1 of AngⅡ for 12h, the CaN activities increased respectively by 13%,57%(P＜0.05) and 228%(P＜0.01) compared with that in non-stimulated cardiomyocytes. The CaN activities in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes were significantly inhibited by losartan(50 μmol·L^-1), H₇(50 μmol·L^-1)and Fura-2/AM(4 μmol·L^-1),while no effect was observed with PD98059(50 μmol·L^-1).The [³H]-leucine incorporation in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes increased by 46%(P＜0.01) compared with that in control group, which was dramatically inhibited by cyclosporin A(0.5~5μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Calcineurin, a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, may play an important role in AngⅡ-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. The activation of CaN may dependent on the sustained increases of [Ca²⁺]i and be regulated by some protein kinases (such as PKC,etc.).