不同成熟度玉米种子活力的差异性研究

以玉米自交系48-2和杂交种正红311为材料,应用标准发芽试验法和电导率法研究了不同成熟度玉米种子的活力差异。结果表明,随着种子成熟度的提高,种子活力指数显著提高,电导率则呈降低的趋势。繁殖自交系48-2亲本时,以授粉后50 d采收为佳;而生产正红311杂交种子,则授粉后45d收获即可。     

外源ACC通过激活乙烯合成及信号转导诱导小豆抗锈性

大量研究表明, 乙烯可激发植物对死体营养型真菌的抗性, 但我们前期研究发现, 乙烯合成前体ACC可提高小豆对活体营养型真菌——锈菌的抗性, 为初步明确其机制, 本研究分析了ACC处理对小豆乙烯合成及信号转导的影响, 结果表明, ACC处理显著提高了乙烯合成基因VaACS1及信号通路关键基因VaEIN2?VaEIN3?VaERF5的表达水平?此外, ACC处理后再接种锈菌, 小豆锈病的发病程度显著降低?对接种锈菌后不同时间VaPR2和VaPR4的表达分析表明, 相比ACC处理后不接种对照, ACC处理后再接种锈菌的处理, 接种后1~5 d这两个基因表达量显著升高; 与水处理不接种锈菌相比, 水处理接种锈菌5~8 d后VaPR2和VaPR4的表达量虽显著上调, 但应答时间较ACC处理滞后, 且总体表达水平低, 表明ACC激活乙烯通路进而诱导防卫反应基因上调表达是其诱导小豆抗锈性的关键?     

基于隧道式发酵金针菇菌渣的双孢蘑菇培养料制备分析

采用隧道发酵技术,以金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)菌渣为原材料,进行双孢蘑菇培养料的制备.通过一次及二次隧道发酵的工艺控制,检测堆制过程中温度、含水量、pH及电导率等理化成分的变化,并结合出菇结果评价金针菇菌渣培养料的使用情况.结果表明,金针菇菌渣在隧道一次发酵过程中最高温可达74℃以上,整个发酵...     

Effects of feeding high-oil corn to beef steers on carcass characteristics and meat quality

To assess the effects of feeding high-oil corn on carcass characteristics and meat quality, 60 yearling steers were fed high concentrate diets containing either control corn (82% of diet), high-oil corn (82% of diet), or high-oil corn at a concentration that was isocaloric with the control diet (74% of diet). After being fed for 84 d, steers were slaughtered. At 72 h postmortem, carcass data were collected and rib sections from five steers grading U.S. Choice and five steers grading U.S. Select from each treatment were collected, vacuum packaged, and aged for 14 d. Three steaks (2.54 cm thick) were removed from each rib for Warner-Bratzler shear force measurement, sensory appraisal, and fatty acid composition analyses. Data were analyzed with treatment as the main effect for the carcass data and treatment, quality grade, and two-way interaction in the model for the longissimus data. The two-way interaction was nonsignificant (P > 0.05) for all variables tested. No differences were detected (P > 0.05) in carcass measurements except for marbling scores and quality grades, both of which were greater (P < 0.05) for carcasses from steers fed the high-oil corn. Overall, 78% of steers fed the high-oil corn graded U.S. Choice compared with 47% for the control and 67% for isocaloric group. Shear force and sensory properties of the longissimus were not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Steaks from U.S. Choice carcasses rated higher (P < 0.05) for tenderness and tended to rate higher (P < 0.10) for juiciness. Feeding the isocaloric and high-oil diets increased (P < 0.05) linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and the total PUFA content of lipid extracted from the longissimus. Saturated fatty acid percentage was lowest (P < 0.05) for high-oil corn and highest (P < 0.05) for control, with isocaloric being intermediate. Feeding high-oil corn increased (P < 0.05) pentadecyclic acid, margaric acid, and total odd-chain fatty acid content. Feeding high-oil corn in finishing beef cattle diets enhanced intramuscular lipid deposition and increased unsaturation of fatty acids of the longissimus.     

The role of ear environment in postharvest susceptibility of maize to toxigenic Aspergillus flavus

A kernel screening assay (KSA) was used to assess the genetic and environmental effects on the vulnerability of maize to aflatoxin accumulation. Kernels of 26 inbred lines that had been grown in seven environments, and 190 lines of the Intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population grown in one location in the United States, were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 6 days. Percent kernel colonization (PKC), sporulation and aflatoxin were influenced by the maize genotypes (G), the location (“ear environment” or E) and the GxE interactions. Overall, low broad‐sense heritabilities were observed for PKC, sporulation and aflatoxin. PKC was significantly correlated with sporulation in all environments. Aflatoxin was positively correlated with colonization for two and with sporulation for all ear environments. Higher grain sulphur or magnesium in IBM was associated with less colonization or aflatoxin. Postharvest susceptibility of maize to aflatoxin is thus influenced by factors that are modulated by the ear environment. In a KSA, sporulation could be a proxy test for aflatoxin accumulation.     

基于灰色关联理论的海南省农民人均纯收入分析

运用灰色系统理论的关联分析方法．对海南省农民人均纯收入与影响农民人均纯收入的主要因素进行了实证研究。研究结果表明．各因素对农民人均纯收入影响的关联序为：农业贷款、乡镇企业贷款（0．8382）〉农业机械总动力（0．8353）〉农业生产资料价格总指数（0．7964）〉农村家庭从业人员（0．7303）〉粮食单位面积产量（0．7011）〉农业人口数（0．6843）〉农业生产总值（0．6789）〉耕地总面积（0．6708）〉粮食占农作物总播种面积比重（0．6444）。在此基础上．根据关联度的分析,对如何发挥主导因素的作州,提高海南省农民人均纯收入提出了政策建议。     

不同覆膜栽培方式对烤烟生长及产质量的影响

为了探索在习惯性膜下移栽烟区开展机械化膜上移栽的可行性,通过对比2种移栽方式对烟株生长及产质量的影响,结果表明:膜上条施和膜上穴施的烟株提前成熟采收,农艺性状略差于膜下穴施处理,但是产质量尚好,可以逐步试点推广。     

广西香蕉种植户土地流转意愿特征及影响因素分析

[目的]分析总结广西香蕉种植户的土地流转意愿特征及影响因素,为推进种植户土地合理流转,促进香蕉产业适度规模经营提供参考.[方法]对广西北海市、钦州市、玉林市、南宁市、百色市、崇左市6个市的14个县(区)的328户香蕉种植户进行实地调查,以现场调查、个人访谈、问卷等方式收集数据,并对其土地流转意愿及影响因素进行分析.[结果]当地香蕉种植户的土地流转意愿不强,转入意愿明显高于转出意愿;愿意参与土地流转的多为31～45岁、初中教育程度、法律意识相对较强的香蕉种植户;散户愿意转入的土地面积较小,0.67 ha以下的居多,而企业和合作经济组织愿意转入的土地面积为66.67～133.33 ha,香蕉种植户愿意转出土地规模多在0.67 ha以下;种植户期望可长时间转入土地,期望转入年限为6～10年,期望转出年限主要为l和6～10年;只要租金合理,种植户从哪里转入土地无所谓,在转出意愿上,则更愿意将土地转出给企业和合作经济组织;愿意转入土地却没有转入的主要原因是转入价格太高;外界条件对种植户土地转入意愿的影响显著.[建议]加强宣传和香蕉市场信息体系的建设、完善土地经营权价格评估体系、加强土地流转中介组织的建设、加大政策扶持力度,以促进香蕉产业农地适度规模经营.     

药用植物紫花茉莉对农用污泥锌污染的修复研究

以锌累积药用植物白花蛇舌草为对照,进行了4个紫花茉莉品种对污泥中重金属锌处理能力的砂培试验,结果表明:4个紫花茉莉品种累积锌的能力明显高于白花蛇舌草,其中黄花、红花和白花品种又优于杂色花品种。4个紫花茉莉品种施用含锌污泥的土培试验结果表明:黄花、红花和白花品种的耐锌能力最强,在土壤有效锌含量达50mg/kg时,黄花、红花和白花品种地下块根锌含量急剧上升,之后随着土壤锌含量的增加,块根锌含量维持在一个最高的水平;土壤有效锌含量为25 mg/kg时,黄花、红花和白花品种的净化率达到最高。研究结果显示,黄花、红花和白花品种具有明显的锌积累特征和修复污泥锌污染的能力。     

Roles of the Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv2.1 potassium channels in hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction

AIM: To determine the role of Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv2.1 in the hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: normoxic group and hypoxic group. The single smooth muscle cell was obtained from pulmonary artery of Wistar rats with acute enzymatic digestion method. The conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the resting membrane potential (Em) and the potassium currents of voltage-gated potassium channel (IKv) in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Intracellular application of Kv1.2/Kv1.5/Kv2.1 antibodies (1∶125) was conducted through the whole-cell patch clamp system. RESULTS: ① Em of PASMC was depolarized after 24 h hypoxia compared with that of control cells . IKv of PASMC was decreased after 24 h hypoxia, . ② The mixture of Kv1.2/Kv1.5/Kv2.1 antibodies depolarized Em and inhibited IKv in PASMC from normoxic rat, whereas the mixture of Kir2.1/Kir2.3/Kir4.1 antibodies had no effects on them. ③ The mixture of Kv1.2/Kv1.5/Kv2.1 antibodies and the mixture of Kir2.1/Kir2.3/Kir4.1 antibodies had no effects on IKv and Em from rats hypoxic for 24 h. CONCLUSION: Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv2.1 might be oxygen sensitive potassium channels which mediated HPV.