Phytochemische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen der einheimischen Flora und des Gaterslebener Sortiments

Zusammenfassung In Fortsetzung früherer Untersuchungen wurden weitere 104 Pflanzenarten aus 24 Familien der einheimischen Flora und des Gaterslebener Sortiments nach einem Standardverfahren orientierend auf vorkommende Alkaloide, Saponine, Sterine und weitere Triterpenoide geprüft.

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Summary In continuation of earlier described investigations 104 further plant species from 24 families of the indigenous flora and of the sortiment in Gatersleben have been studied preliminarily for occurring alkaloids, saponins, sterols and other triterpenoids using a standard procedure.

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am ¶rt;au . 104 24 «», «», «» «».

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I. Mitteilung: Aurich und Mitarb. (1965).     

Über die Anwendbarkeit der Liebermann-Burchard-Reaktion auf stickstoffhaltige SteroideSolanum-Alkaloide. XXXVIII. Mitteilung

Zusammenfassung Von 51 überprüften stickstoffhaltigen Steroiden mit bzw ohne ⁵-Doppelbindung (Solanum-Steroidalkaloide, N-haltige Cholestan- und Pregnan-Derivate) gaben lediglich 3 eine positive Liebermann-Burchard-Reaktion: N-Acetyltomatidadien, N-Acetyl-solasodien und Dihydrosolasodin A. Auch eine Anzahl ⁵-ungesättigter Steroidsapogenine und stickstofffreier Pregnan-Derivate zeigte eine nur schwache Farbreaktion.

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Summary To obtain information about the value and limitations of the Liebermann-Burchard reaction 51 nitrogenous steroids with or without ⁵ double bond have been tested. Only 3 of them show a positive colour reaction: the N-acetyl derivatives of tomatidadiene and solasodiene as well as the dihydrosolasodine A. Also some ⁵-unsaturated steroidal sapogenins and nitrogen-free pregnane derivatives produce colours of only slight intensity.

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am ¶rt;u 51 ⁵- ( Solanum, ) 3 -: N--, N-- . ⁵ - .

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XXXVII. Mitteil.: Schreiber, K., 1964. — Liebigs Ann. Chem.674, 168–175.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in the mare

OBJECTIVE: To develop a minimally invasive, hand-assisted laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (HALS-OHE) technique in the mare and to evaluate safety and any associated complications. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Eight, 11-24-year-old mares with anatomically normal urogenital tracts. METHODS: The surgical technique was developed in 2 non-survival mares and subsequently evaluated in 6 survival procedures. Food was withheld for 48 hours, then mares were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency for laparoscopic surgery. A hand access device (Omniport) was placed followed by 4 laparoscopic portals. Transection of the ovarian pedicles and broad ligaments was achieved using a combination of a laparoscopic stapling instrument (Endo GIA II), an ultrasonically activated instrument (Harmonic Scalpel), and endoscopic clips (Endo Clip II ML). The genital tract was exteriorized through the laparotomy, and the uterus transected and sutured in a conventional pattern. Horses were evaluated through postoperative day 14 when a necropsy was performed. RESULTS: Four mares recuperated well after surgery, 1 mare was euthanatized because of bilateral femur fracture during anesthetic recovery, and another developed severe pleuropneumonia. At necropsy all but 1 abdominal incision was healing routinely. One mare had abscessed along the celiotomy incision and developed visceral adhesions. Uncomplicated healing of transected mesovarial, mesometrial, and uterine remnants was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Ovariohysterectomy in horses can be accomplished using HALS technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: HALS-OHE technique represents a minimally invasive and technically feasible alternative for conventional OHE. Careful patient selection and preparation may reduce the complications observed. The HALS technique may be useful in other laparoscopic surgical procedures.     

Severe sepsis in cats: 29 cases (1986-1998)

OBJECTIVE: To document the clinical, clinicopathologic, and pathologic findings in cats with severe sepsis, identify abnormalities unique to this species, and identify criteria that could be used antemortem to diagnose the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 29 cats confirmed to have severe sepsis at necropsy. PROCEDURE: Pertinent history, physical examination findings, and results of hematologic and biochemical testing were extracted from medical records. RESULTS: Clinical diagnoses included pyothorax, septic peritonitis, bacteremia secondary to gastrointestinal tract disease, pneumonia, endocarditis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, pyometra, and bite wounds. Physical examination findings included lethargy, pale mucous membranes, poor pulse quality, tachypnea, hypo- or hyperthermia, signs of diffuse pain on abdominal palpation, bradycardia, and icterus. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included anemia, thrombocytopenia, band neutrophilia, hypoalbuminemia, low serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and hyperbilirubinemia. Necropsy findings included multi-organ necrosis or inflammation with intralesional bacteria. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that severe sepsis in cats is characterized by lethargy, pale mucous membranes, signs of diffuse abdominal pain, tachypnea, bradycardia, weak pulses, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypothermia, and icterus. Recognition of this combination of clinical findings should facilitate the diagnosis of severe sepsis in cats.     

Evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dogs with naturally occurring canine parvoviral (CPV) enteritis have laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability. DESIGN: Case-control study. Animals-9 dogs with naturally occurring CPV enteritis and 9 age-matched control dogs. PROCEDURE: Blood was collected from all dogs within 24 hours of admission for thromboelastography (TEG) and determination of activated partial thromboplastin time (aP-TT), prothrombin time (PT), antithrombin III (AT) activity, and fibrinogen concentration. Fibrin-fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) concentration, D-dimer concentration, and platelet count were obtained in dogs with CPV enteritis only. Records were reviewed for evidence of thrombosis or phlebitis. RESULTS: All 9 dogs with CPV enteritis had evidence of hypercoagulability, determined on the basis of significantly increased TEG maximum amplitude and decreased AT activity. Fibrinogen concentration was significantly higher in dogs with CPV enteritis than in control dogs. The aPTT was moderately prolonged in dogs with CPV enteritis, and FDP concentration was < 5 mg/ml in 7 of 9 dogs. No dogs had a measurable D-dimer concentration. Platelet counts were within reference range. Four of 9 dogs had clinical evidence of venous thrombosis or phlebitis associated with catheters. One dog had multifocal splenic thrombosis identified at necropsy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dogs with CPV enteritis have a high prevalence of clinical thrombosis or phlebitis and laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability without disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Thromboelastography may help identify hypercoagulable states in dogs.     

POST-OPERATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN TWO DOGS WITH CEREBRAL MENINGIOMA

Post-operative computed tomography (CT) has been described as a technique for diagnosing incomplete resection or recurrence of cerebral neoplasms in humans. The characteristics of immediate postoperative CT images in dogs with intracranial pathology are unknown. This report describes findings from preoperative, immediate post-operative, and 4 week to 9 month follow-up CT examinations in two dogs with histologically-confirmed cerebral meningiomas. In images of one dog after surgery there was mild contrast enhancement of the tissue surrounding the surgical site. This enhancement had resolved in later images and was probably the result of surgically induced trauma. In post operative images of the other dog there was significant hyperattenuation of the tissues around the surgical site. In post contrast images there was increased enhancement that was evident in later images. These findings, although not supported by necropsy, probably indicate incomplete excision of the tumor.     

Development of a simulation model for the population dynamics of the onion fly Delia antiqua in Germany*

Delia antiqua is a serious pest of many species of the genus Allium, including onions and chives. Over a period of two years (1997/1999), we have developed a model to simulate the population dynamics of D. antiqua based on an extended Leslie model. The model structure as well as the developmental functions for the different life stages of D. antiqua are presented. Using daily mean air and soil temperatures, the model calculates the population matrix for developmental stages of D. antiqua including eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. The simulation can be used to optimize the timing of control measurements against a specific life stage of D. antiqua. Flight activity can be simulated using wind speed as additional information. Simulated flight activity and the observed flight activity of D. antiqua monitored with water pan traps in three different regions of Germany in 1998 are presented and discussed. The model, which was programmed as part of the SWAT 3.5 package of programs to simulate the population dynamics of root‐fly pests in horticultural crops, will also be available via other expert systems such as PASO.