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161.
Okamoto M Oku Y Kurosawa T Kamiya M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):159-163
DNA from several isolates of Taenia taeniaeformis and Echinococcus multilocularis were digested with restriction enzymes and hybridized with digoxigenated oligonucleotide probe (CAC)5. Within the six wild isolates of Taenia taeniaeformis from Norway rats in Hokkaido, although several bands were common among isolates, fingerprinting patterns were specific to each isolate. In the case of E. multilocularis, regardless of hosts from which each isolate has been isolated, the five isolates collected from Hokkaido, showed the same fingerprinting pattern. These results indicate that there was very little genetic difference among these isolates. Although the fingerprinting pattern of E. multilocularis from St. Lawrence Is. was similar to that of the Hokkaido isolates, some bands were different from those in the Hokkaido isolates. Echinococcus multilocularis in Hokkaido seems to be closely-related genetically to that from St. Lawrence Is. 相似文献
162.
Toyozo Sato Jun Okamoto Yosuke Degawa Shigeru Matsunari Kokichi Takahashi Keisuke Tomioka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(1):46-51
In some areas of Japan, yellow spots with white pustules on leaves, stems, petioles, peduncles and calyces were found on Ipomoea nil, I. triloba, I. lacunosa and I. hederacea var. integriuscula. We demonstrated that the diseases on I. nil, I. triloba and I. lacunosa were caused by host-specific strains of Albugo ipomoeae-panduratae and defined three forma speciales of the fungus, respectively, for the three Ipomoea species: “f. sp. nile”, “f. sp. trilobae” and “f. sp. lacunosae”. Because the diseases were new to Japan, we coined the Japanese name “shirosabi-byo”, which means white rust. We also showed
that the disease on I. hederacea var. integriuscula was caused by A. ipomoeae-hardwickii. We named this new disease “white rust (shirosabi-byo in Japanese)”. 相似文献
163.
A new method for assessing coastal environments using the reproduction potential of corals has been developed and examined
in situ. Six assessment racks were deployed before the full moon of May 2006 at three sites located around a river outlet
in Nagura Bay, Ishigaki Is. and at one control location in Sekisei Lagoon. Each rack was equipped with two marine blocks (MB)
containing 378 holes, two cases of coral settlement devices (CSDs), each containing 120 CSDs, and a water temperature logger.
Assessment was based on recruitment of Acropora due to mass spawning. After 4 months of deployment, the surface of assessment racks showed apparent biofouling depending
on sites mainly by algal settlement on the surfaces. Almost all the holes of the MBs were partly occupied, mainly by turf
algae. Nagura Bay was thought likely to be an “unhealthy” coral reef due to runoff from land. However, our assessment showed
that there were 0.85 corals per CSD in the Bay, compared with 0.51 in Sekisei Lagoon, indicating that coral larvae supply
is not the cause of the unhealthy condition of corals in the Nagura Bay. 相似文献
164.
Daniel K. Okamoto Melissa R. Poe Tessa B. Francis Andr E. Punt Phillip S. Levin Andrew O. Shelton Derek R. Armitage Jaclyn S. Cleary Sherri C. Dressell Russ Jones Harvey Kitka Lynn C. Lee Alec D. MacCall Jim A. McIsaac Steve Reifenstuhl Jennifer J. Silver Jrn O. Schmidt Thomas F. Thornton Rüdiger Voss John Woodruff 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(1):1-12
Balancing trade‐offs amongst social–ecological objectives is a central aim of natural resource management. However, objectives and resources often have spatial dimensions, which are usually ignored in trade‐off analyses. We examine how simultaneously integrating social–ecological benefits and their spatial complexities can improve trade‐off analysis. We use Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii, Clupeidae)—an ecologically important forage fish with social, cultural and economic value to communities and commercial fisheries—as a case study. By combining spatial management strategy evaluation with social benefits analysis, we illustrate when policies aimed at aggregate stocks versus spatially segregated substocks of fish fail to balance trade‐offs amongst social–ecological objectives. Spatial measures (e.g. area‐based closures) may achieve some objectives but produce alternative trade‐offs that are sensitive to assumptions about fish population dynamics and social complexities. Our analyses identify policies that are inefficient (e.g. yielding economic costs without producing social or ecological gains), highlight management strategies that generate trade‐offs and indicate when costs are distributed unequally for different user groups. We also point to strategies with outcomes that are robust to spatial uncertainties and reveal research priorities by identifying which performance metrics exhibit sensitivity to spatial ecological assumptions. Collectively, our analyses demonstrate how incorporating social objectives and spatial dynamics into management strategy evaluation can reveal trade‐offs and the implications of management decisions. 相似文献
165.
Masahiro Takatani Kohei Ikeda Kei Sakamoto Tadashi Okamoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(1):54-61
One of the important issues relevant to wood/plastic composite molding is the compatibility between hydrophilic wood and hydrophobic
plastic. Polyolefins modified with maleic anhydride, which have been frequently used for wood and polyolefin composites, are
not effective for poly(lactic acid) composites. Because compounds with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are potential
compatibilizers, cellulose esters of several carboxylic acids, RCOO-cellulose (R = CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C5H11, C11H23), were synthesized and their effects as compatibilizers of wood/poly(lactic acid) composites (WPLC) were examined in this
study. The mechanical properties of WPLC were improved with a small amount of added cellulose esters, especially cellulose
butyrate or cellulose valerate. The relevant effect of added cellulose esters on the thermal properties of wood/PLA composite
was analyzed by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity.
Part of this report was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, August 2006 and the 9th
International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials, Cracow, Poland, July, 2007 相似文献
166.
H M Selim S Imai A K el Sheik H Attia E Okamoto E Miyagawa Y Maede 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(3):303-305
Rumen ciliate species and composition were surveyed on the native sheep, Friesian-cattle and dromedary (one-humped) camels kept in Libya. As a result of survey, 5 genera including 14 species with 5 formae in native sheep, 9 genera including 27 species with 6 formae in Friesian-cattle and 6 genera including 13 species and 7 formae in dromedary camels were identified. All of the ciliate species and their percentage composition detected from the Libyan sheep and cattle in this examination were similar to those found from corresponding animals in the other countries. Libyan camels lacked some peculiar ciliate species found from camels in the other countries, but had many cosmopolitan species common with those in the domestic ruminants, suggesting that ciliate faunae of camel are easily affected by the other domestic ruminants kept together. The ciliate density was estimated as 105/ml in every host species. 相似文献
167.
Kazutoshi Okamoto 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):98-103
ABSTRACT: Larvae of the Japanese nephropid lobster Metanephrops japonicus hatched in the laboratory were reared at 15°C, and the development and feeding were observed. All larvae hatched at the 'prezoea stage' with no natatory setae on the exopodite of the pereiopods. Without feeding, 50% of prezoea molted into the megalopa stage, having small buds as the exopodite, within 1 h and all molted within 22 h. The megalopa fed with Artemia nauplii, shrimp meat and pelleted food molted into the first juvenile stage with no exopodite after approximately 17 days. The average carapace lengths of prezoea, megalopa and the first juvenile stage were 3.2, 3.6 and 4.4 mm, respectively. The survival rate from hatching to the first juvenile stage was high (90–100%). This lobster may be the only known nephropid species with no zoeal stage. 相似文献
168.
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170.
赤霉素涂抹法对葡萄果实的无核化及果实膨大的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本试验用羊毛脂制成的糊状赤霉素涂抹处理里扎马特、巨峰和先锋葡萄的果梗进行无核化研究 ,试验结果表明 :赤霉素涂抹葡萄果梗后可使葡萄果实无核化并使果实膨大 ,尤其是先锋葡萄可通过一次处理达到较好的无核效果 ,获得的无核果实较对照果实大并且品质优良。涂抹法较水溶液处理法简单、方便 ,有利于在生产上应用。本试验的结果浓度在 10 0~ 30 0 0mg·L-1范围内均有较好的效果 相似文献