Die Arterien der männlichen Geschlechtsorgane Japanischer Wachteln (Coturnix coturnix japonica) und ihre Entwicklung nach dem Schlupf

A total of 83 male Japanese quails of the following age groups were used for this study: 11, 18, 25, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 days, and 7, 9, 17 weeks after hatching. Neoprene-Latex, Tensol-Cement, and the china ink were injected via the aortic arch. In most of male Japanese quails, the testes are supplied by the A. testicularis originated from the Aorta descendens through a common trunk with the A. renalis cranialis. But in only 3 quails had this artery originated directly from the Aorta descendens on either side. In 9 quails had the A. testicularis accessoria originating independently from the Aorta descendens and running cranially or caudally in short distance to the normal A. testicularis. The arteries for the Ductus deferens were divided into 3 categories. The Rami ureterodeferentiales craniales were spread out from A. testicularis or Rami epididymales. The Rami ureterodeferentiales medii came from the A. renalis media and the A. renalis caudalis. The Rami ureterodeferentiales caudales originated from the A. caudae lateralis and A. pudenda. The Receptaculum ductus deferentis, the Corpus vasculare paracloacalis and the Phallus nonprotrudens in the Cloaca were supplied from the thick Ramus cloacalis of the A. pudenda. The Ramus bursalis of this artery supplied the Glandula proctodaealis and the Bursa cloacalis, and was also thick. The arteries to the genital organs were observed in the 11 day old male quail. The A. pudenda began developing at about 30 days after hatching when the quail's body matured. While the A. testicularis began developing at about 40 days after hatching when the male Japanese quail was full of the spermatogenic activity.     

Tissue retention and adverse reaction after intravenous injection of hematoporphyrin derivatives in dogs

We evaluated changes in hematology and chemical profile, and the tissue retention of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) following the intravenous injection in dogs. HpD at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg was intravenously injected to 16 dogs (n=4 each) and complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry were performed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the injection. To examine tissue retention, HpD (5 mg/kg) was administered to 15 dogs and 3 dogs were euthanized on days 1, 2, 7, 14, and 28 after the injection, respectively, to collect the skin, muscle, small intestine, spleen, kidney and liver as tissue samples. There were no significant changes in CBC and blood chemical profile except for an increase in LDH concentrations in dogs given 10 and 15 mg/kg of HpD at day 3. The levels of HpD retention in the tissues were ranked in the following order: liver > kidney > spleen > intestine > muscle > skin.     

Effects of chitin and chitosan on collagen synthesis in wound healing

Collagen synthesis was evaluated by measuring prolyl hydroxylase (PHL) activity induced within rat granulation tissue by a polyester non-woven fabric (NWF, 1 x 1 cm, 0.6 mm in thickness) impregnated with a chitin or chitosan suspension ranging in concentration from 0.1 to 10 mg/ml. In addition, PHL activity induced in rat granulation tissue by a NWF impregnated with a phosphate buffer solution was examined as a control. The PHL activity in each group remained low until 4 days post-implantation (Day 4). However, in the 10 mg chitin group, the PHL activity increased rapidly without scatter of the data at Day 7 and remained at a plateau until Day 14. In other groups, PHL activity increased linearly until Day 14. The data varied widely at Day 7. Compared to chitosan, chitin at the higher concentration was found to induce stable collagen synthesis in the early wound healing process.     

Evaluation of an epidemic of sporotrichosis in cats: 347 cases (1998-2001)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate characteristics of a large epidemic of sporotrichosis in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 347 cats with naturally acquired infection with Sporothrix schenckii. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for data regarding clinical, mycologic, histopathologic, and routine hematologic and serum biochemical findings; assays for FIV-specific antibodies and FeLV antigen; antifungal treatment; and follow-up. RESULTS: Lesions varied from small papules to extensive zones of necrosis.Ten cats had no skin lesions, 114 had skin lesions at a single site, 86 had skin lesions in 2 sites, and 137 had skin lesions in 3 or more sites. Respiratory tract signs were observed in 154 cats and were the most frequent extracutaneous sign. Anemia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglobulinemia were the main blood abnormalities. Antibodies against FIV were detected in 28 cats, FeLV antigen was detected in 2 cats, and both were detected in 1 cat among 142 cats tested. During the study, 118 cats were lost to follow-up and 124 died. Of 266 cats that were treated, 68 were cured. Complete healing of the lesions was observed regardless of the presence of extracutaneous signs, general condition, treatment schedule, or coinfection with FIV. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Feline sporotrichosis was evident in subclinical to severe forms; however, cats can respond well to regular and prolonged antifungal treatment.     

Localisation of MHC class II,lymphocytes and immunoglobulins in the oviduct of laying and moulting hens

1. Our aim was to determine the presence and numbers of immunocompetent cells in the oviduct of laying and moulting hens. Immunocompetent cells were localised by immunocytochemistry throughout the entire length of the oviduct.

2. In laying birds, MHC class II + cells were observed in the subepithelial and middle part of the stroma of all oviducal segments and the mucosal epithelium of the infundibulum and vagina. CD3 + cells were also localised in subepithelial and middle part of stroma as well as in mucosal epithelium of each oviducal segment. Bu‐lb + and IgG + cells were also observed in the epithelium and subepithelial and middle part of the stroma of all oviducal segments, though stroma of the magnum, isthmus and uterus contained few Bu‐lb + cells. IgA + cells were observed only in the mucosal epithelium of the magnum in small numbers.

3. In moulting hens, there were few numbers of immunocompetent cells in the mucosal epithelium of each oviducal segment, although CD3 + cells were observed in the infundibulum and vagina. In the subepithelial stroma, the populations of MHC class II + cells in the infundibulum, magnum and uterus, CD3 + cells in the infundibulum and vagina, as well as IgG + cells in each oviducal segment except for isthmus were smaller than in laying hens. In contrast, the number of immunocompetent cells in the middle part of stroma of moulting hens were equal to or greater than in laying hens.

4. These results suggest that the oviducal immune function is active in the surface tissues of the mucosa in laying hens, whereas it is reduced in moulting hens.     

Comparison of energy metabolism during the growing period in quail lines selected for body weight

1. The present study was conducted to compare body weight, daily weight gain, relative growth rate, food intake, food conversion efficiency, abdominal fat weight, thyroid weight, plasma T4 concentration, body temperature, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat production among three Japanese‐quail lines selected for body weight: a random bred line (RR) and lines for large (LL) or small (SS) body weight.

2. T4 concentration increased in the order SS, RR, LL in both sexes and did not vary significantly between sexes; the SS line had a significantly higher value than that of the LL line.

3. The body temperatures of SS, RR and LL lines were 42.45, 42.03 and 41.25°C in males, and 42.7, 42.03 and 41.63°C in females.

4. The oxygen consumptions of SS, RR and LL lines were 63.4, 46.0 and 43–8 ml/kgW^0.75 min. in males, and 61.4, 44.8 and 37.2 in females. The value for SS was significantly higher than those of RR and LL lines in both sexes (P< 0.01). The carbon dioxide productions of SS, RR and LL lines were 31.8, 33.8 and 27–3 ml/kgW⁰⁷⁵ min. in males, and 31.2, 31.9 and 27.3 in females. In both sexes, that of the LL line was significantly lower than those of the SS and RR lines (P< 0–01).

6. The heat productions of SS, RR and LL lines were 1.178, 0.994 and 0.842 k]/kgW^01b min. in males, and 1.142, 0.879 and 0.736 in females. In both sexes, the heat production of the SS line was higher than those of the RR and LL lines (P< 0–01).

7. It was demonstrated that selection for body weight in Japanese quail was accompanied not only by changes in growth rate and conversion efficiency but also by changes in thyroid function and energy metabolism.     

不同含氮量的奶牛饲料对BUN和MUN含量的影响

试验将21头瘤胃瘘管奶牛随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ～Ⅵ组,每组3头奶牛,对照组饲喂TMR,试验Ⅰ～Ⅵ组饲喂的TMR分别添加50.0,100.0,150.0,200.0,250.0,300.0g/(头·d)尿素粉,并测定了BUN、MUN、RUN和产奶性能.结果表明,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组BUN和MUN与对照组没有明显区别,但产奶量和乳成分有所提高;试验Ⅳ～Ⅵ组BUN和MUN明显高于对照组,产奶量和乳脂率有下降趋势,乳蛋白和乳糖降低显著.MUN和BUN高度相关(r=0.8974,P＜0.01).     

Estimation of genetic parameters for carcass defects of Japanese Black cattle in Kagoshima

Cattle exhibit a range of carcass defects, including blood splash (BLS), intramuscular edema (INE), muscle steatosis (MUS), bruising (BR), trim loss (TRL) and others (OTH). These defects lower the carcass value and can result in significant economic loss to producers. We estimated the incidence, relationship with inbreeding coefficients and genetic parameters of carcass defects in Japanese Black cattle using 561 619 carcass records from Kagoshima, Japan during April 1988 through March 2011. The defect incidence ranged from 0.22% for TRL to 5.73% for BR. The incidence of MUS and BR increased from 1.21% to 6.57% and from 1.06% to 9.31%, respectively. The incidence of INE peaked at 7.44% in 1999 and decreased thereafter. We observed a positive linear relationship between the defect incidence and the inbreeding coefficients in MUS, BR and TRL (P < 0.01). The heritabilities estimated by univariate animal model with Gibbs sampling for BLS, INE, MUS, BR and TRL were 0.24, 0.06, 0.18, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. The contribution of farm variance to phenotypic variance was negligible (0.01 to 0.04). Significant genetic correlations of TRL were estimated with MUS (0.63) and BR (0.63). Our results suggest that genetic factors contribute to the incidence of BLS and MUS.