大湘西地区绿茶风味轮及其滋味类型判别模型构建

以湖南大湘西地区39份绿茶样本为材料,进行感官审评,绘制风味轮,并以主要滋味成分含量为基础建立滋味类型贝叶斯(Bayes)判别模型,旨在了解大湘西地区绿茶品质情况,并为提升大湘西地区绿茶品质提供参考。结果表明:大湘西地区绿茶品质优良,汤色以浅绿色居多;香气类型包括嫩香、嫩栗香、栗香和清香;滋味特征类型有鲜、爽、厚;在此基础上,构建了大湘西地区鲜爽型、醇浓型和其它型绿茶的判别函数,具有较好的准确性,可用于对大湘西地区绿茶滋味类型的预测。     

Effect of tanshinone ⅡA on liver lipid deposition and ferroptosis-related protein expression in ApoE-/- mice

AIM To observe the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on liver lipid deposition and ferroptosis-related protein expression in ApoE^-/- mice. METHODS Thirty-two ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into model group, high-dose (60 mg/kg) tanshinone ⅡA group, low-dose (30 mg/kg) tanshinone ⅡA group and simvastatin group, and C57BL/6J mice (n=8) were used as normal control group. The mice in normal control group were given the basic feeding, while the others were given high-fat diet. The mice in tanshinone ⅡA groups and simvastatin group were given corresponding drugs. The mice in normal control group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of saline. Eight weeks later, the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were tested by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The liver tissues were stained with HE and oil red O. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues of the mice were measured by commercially available kits. The liver glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and p53 were detected by immunohistochemical method. The protein and mRNA expression levels of ferroptosis-related factors GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11, p53 and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in model group were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and HDL-C did not change significantly. The fat vacuoles were clearly visible in liver tissue. The content of ROS in liver tissue was increased significantly,and GSH was decreased significantly (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 were increased significantly, and GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11 and FTH1 were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group, tanshinone ⅡA significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and HDL-C did not change significantly. High-dose and low-dose tanshinoneⅡA also significantly decreased the degree of steatosis, and the size of lipid droplets. The content of ROS in liver tissues was decreased significantly, and GSH was increased significantly (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of GPX4, xCT/SLC7A11 and FTH1 were increased significantly, and p53 were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Tanshinone ⅡA reduces liver lipid deposition and lipid peroxidation damage in ApoE^-/- mice, which may be related to the intervention of ferroptosis-related proteins in the liver cells.     

Effects of different active constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL

AIM To investigate the effects of different components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum ［gypenosides (Gps), gypenoside XLIX (GpXLIX) and ginsenoside Rb3 (GRb3)］ on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, model group, Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group. The cells in control group were cultured only in DMEM complete medium. The cells in model group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h. The cells in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h, and then treated with Gps, GpXLIX and GRb3 at 100 mg/L for another 24 h, respectively. The ATP content in each group was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5a （Cox5a）, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 （Ndufs1）, ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5a) and cytochrome C (Cyt C）, were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control group, the ATP content in model group was decreased (P<0.01). After drug intervention, the ATP content increased to different degrees in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.01). The results of Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system were consistent with those of Western blot. These results showed that compared with control group, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a in model group was decreased, and the protein expression of Cyt C was increased (P<0.01). After intervention, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a was increased and the protein expression of Cyt C was decreased in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among them, the effect of Gps on the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and Cyt C was significantly stronger than those of the 2 monomer components, and the effect of GRb3 was found to be superior in the 2 monomer components. The effect of GpXLIX on ATP5a protein was superior to the other 2 components. CONCLUSION Gynostemma total saponins and related active ingredients protect ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells by affecting mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, thereby preventing and treating atherosclerosis.     

芝麻棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定与致病力比较

 为明确芝麻叶斑病病原菌及其致病力,本研究以河南不同地区芝麻上分离所得叶斑病分离物为研究对象,通过形态观察和分子鉴定探讨这些分离物的分类属性,并且进行离体叶片和活体茎杆接菌,进一步探究了不同菌株的致病力差异。结果显示分离所得的6株芝麻叶斑病分离物的菌落形态、生长速率和产孢量存在差异,分生孢子多数呈倒棍棒状,具隔膜,6个菌株的ITS序列与GenBank中Corynespora cassiicola的一致性达99%以上,结合形态特征与ITS序列将其鉴定为山扁豆生棒孢。室内人工接菌芝麻发现,这6个菌株的致病力存在显著的差异;在芝麻叶片上,20180909-03属强致病力菌株,20180821-01、20180909-05和20180824-01属中等致病力菌株,20180904-02-02和SF1-1属弱致病力菌株;在芝麻茎杆上,20180824-01致病力最强,其次是20180821-01、20180909-03和20180909-05,SF1-1和20180904-02-02致病力最弱。研究结果证明山扁豆生棒孢不同菌株在芝麻上的致病力存在明显的分化。     

高等教育大众化背景下的哲学思考——读布鲁贝克《高等教育哲学》的几点启示

约翰.S.布鲁贝克的《高等教育哲学》是西方研究高等教育哲学的一部经典著作。作者从高等教育的合法存在的逻辑基点———高深学问出发,分析了在“认识论”教育哲学和“政治论”教育哲学两种主要的哲学观下对高等教育的学术自治、学术自由、高等教育为谁服务、普通教育和专业教育、高等教育学、治学的道德和作为教会的大学等实际问题,提出了一个相当完整的高等教育哲学体系。其中关于大学的功能、学术自由和教育公平等方面给我们很多的启示和思索。     

酶联免疫法快速检测水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物、氯霉素及氟苯尼考

应用特异性强的间接酶联免疫法,同时检测4种硝基呋喃类代谢物、氯霉素(CAP)和氟苯尼考(FF),建立快速分析水产品中6种药物残留量的方法.样品用盐酸进行消化,再由乙酸乙酯提取,使用酶联免疫试剂盒进行检测.实验结果显示,6种分析物均在其线性范围内,线性系数均大于0.995.在加标浓度为0.1、0.5和1.5μg/kg的加...     

人工老化水稻种子的红外光谱研究

利用红外光谱(傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、二阶导数红外光谱(SD-IR)和二维相关红外光谱(2 D-IR))研究人工老化水稻种子.结果表明,人工老化水稻种子的原始光谱整体相似,二阶导数光谱在1800～800 cm-1范围内的吸收峰强度和形状出现差异.二维相关光谱显示,水稻种子随老化时间的增加,在800～1350 ...     

温度对蝴蝶兰成花诱导的影响

【目的】探讨适宜蝴蝶兰抽梗的温度,为生产管理提供依据,也为难催花品种及低温替代提供参考。【方法】以‘火凤凰’蝴蝶兰袋苗为材料,在人工气候箱条件下,采用单因素随机区组试验设计方法,设置 5个温度处理,分别为 29/22、26/19、23/16、20/13、17/10 ℃（日 / 夜）,每个处理温差均为 7 ℃,昼夜光周期10 h/14 h,相对湿度 75%。【结果】26/19 ℃处理后蝴蝶兰抽梗时间最早,处理后 30 d 抽梗,抽梗率为 100%,抽梗指数为 14.86;23/16 ℃处理后 36 d 抽梗,抽梗率达 100%,抽梗指数为 2.41;20/13 ℃处理后 40 d 抽梗,抽梗率为 95%,抽梗指数为 1.13。20~26 ℃处理抽梗前可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛含量显著上升,抽梗后显著下降。抽梗前超氧化物歧化酶活性上升。【结论】蝴蝶兰最适抽梗温度为 26/19 ℃;29/22 ℃处理未抽出花序轴,表明高温条件下蝴蝶兰不能诱导开花;17/10 ℃处理引起低温伤害,培育一段时间后转移到较高温度可以抽出花梗,但花梗质量偏差。     

生鲜肉类食品供应链碳排放测算及动态优化研究

以生鲜肉类食品供应链作为研究对象,基于生命周期理论界定生鲜肉类食品供应链碳排放的系统边界,并结合系统动力学方法建立生鲜肉类食品供应链的系统动力学模型,探讨肉类食品供应链的碳排放问题。研究结果表明:1)1t生鲜肉在其生命周期内产生的碳排放为166.97kg,其中生产、运输、仓储和销售环节中碳排放分别占总供应链的28.68%、52.37%、8.90%和10.04%,运输环节对全供应链的碳排放贡献率最高。2)动态优化研究发现,运输环节改变长途运输方式、生产环节废弃物回收利用及优化生产设备效率、销售环节降低设备功率取得的碳排放优化效果最佳,在2018年供应链碳排放分别降低了41.10%、4.70%、1.61%和1.25%。3)目前优化运输能源结构、开发可再生的清洁能源已成为大势所趋,且模拟结果表明,运输中燃烧生物柴油可降低供应链碳排放的13.10%,减排效果较为显著。4)在生鲜肉预冷过程中降低制冷系统能耗、在冷藏及销售过程中提高设备空间利用率可分别使供应链年碳排放降低2 100、1 600t,虽实施效果较小,但该措施便于操作,是降低供应链碳排放的有效途径。     

小麦持久条锈病抗源品种89144(BJ144)芒性状遗传分析

分别以小麦持久条锈病抗源品种89144-2-3-11-2、89144-2-14-4-1-2为父本,感病小麦品种铭贤169为母本进行常规杂交,F1代种子单粒播种,在F2代成株期进行芒的分离遗传分析。结果表明,供试顶芒品系和全芒小麦杂交后,2组合F2代群体芒的性状分离均符合1∶2的理论比例,全芒对顶芒均为显性,且全芒受1对显性基因的控制。这是否说明小麦芒性或顶芒还存在隐性性状的可能,抑或与该小麦材料是外源DNA导入小麦的变异后代有关,需要进一步研究。