Estimating chlorophyll content from hyperspectral vegetation indices: Modeling and validation

Leaf chlorophyll content, a good indicator of photosynthesis activity, mutations, stress and nutritional state, is of special significance to precision agriculture. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of retrieval of chlorophyll content from hyperspectral vegetation indices composed by the reflectance of specific bands. In this paper, a set of vegetation indices belonged to three classes (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified simple ratio (MSR) index and the modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index (MCARI, TCARI) and the integrated forms (MCARI/OSAVI and TCARI/OSAVI)) were tested using the PROSPECT and SAIL models to explore their potentials in chlorophyll content estimation. Different bands combinations were also used to derive the modified vegetation indices. In the sensitivity study, four new formed indices (MSR[705,750], MCARI[705,750], TCARI/OSAVI[705,750] and MCARI/OSAVI[705,750]) were proved to have better linearity with chlorophyll content and resistant to leaf area index (LAI) variations by taking into account the effect of quick saturation at 670 nm with relatively low chlorophyll content. Validation study was also conducted at canopy scale using the ground truth data in the growth duration of winter wheat (chlorophyll content and reflectance data). The results showed that the integrated indices TCARI/OSAVI[705,750] and MCARI/OSAVI[705,750] are most appropriate for chlorophyll estimation with high correlation coefficients R² of 0.8808 and 0.9406, respectively, because more disturbances such as shadow, soil reflectance and nonphotosynthetic materials are taken into account. The high correlation between the vegetation indices obtained in the developmental stages of wheat and Hyperion data (R² of 0.6798 and 0.7618 for TCARI/OSAVI[705,750] and MCARI/OSAVI[705,750], respectively) indicated that these two integrated index can be used in practice to estimate the chlorophylls of different types of corns.     

DXB2—12型透射电镜高真空故障的分析与维修

全面对电镜真空系统的检查、分析，证实扩散泵向镜筒返油导致ＤＸＢ２—１２型速射电镜高真空故障，通过采用延时电路制止扩散泵油返入镜筒，排除了电镜高真空故障。     

真菌系统分类与鉴定中的新方法

随着科技与生产的发展，近年来应用于真菌进化、分类研究与鉴定的新方法不断出现．本文对其主要方面─—电镜技术、色谱法、蛋白质与同工酶技术、分子生物学技术等的应用状况、特点、问题与进展进行了评述．     

长白山自然保护区西坡生态环境保育对策

分析了长白山自然保护区西坡存在的生态环境问题，指出；目前长白山西坡森林生态系统正处于不稳定的演替状态，人为干扰影响着森林生态系统的正常演替，生态恢复存在着不利的自然因素。生物多样性日趋减少，旅游加大了对生态环境的影响，为此，提出了长白山西坡的生态环境保育对策。     

Effects of different supplements on tetraploid black locust (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> L.) silage

Preparation of silage is a common method to preserve green forage. It plays an important role in improving forage utilization,     

橡胶树Ago蛋白基因家族分析

Ago蛋白基因家族成员与不同的小RNA结合,广泛参与细胞的生长发育及抵抗外源DNA的入侵。对Ago蛋白基因家族成员的研究有利于进一步了解各成员的功能,同时有助研究小RNA的功能。橡胶树的Ago蛋白基因家族及小RNA的研究均较少,为了弄清楚橡胶树Ago蛋白基因家族成员情况及其初步功能,本研究对橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)所有蛋白质序列进行了分析。用HMMER及BLAST等软件分析发现橡胶树有18个Ago蛋白,这些Ago蛋白进行分类及理化性质分析,发现其可分为3类,大多数Ago蛋白定位于细胞核,蛋白序列长度在577 aa至1 237 aa氨基酸之间,等电点在8.66至9.47间。通过qPCR技术研究橡胶树Ago蛋白的表达,发现18个Ago蛋白在不同叶龄间有差异,在白粉病菌对橡胶树进行感染处理后各Ago蛋白的表达也有差异,说明不同的Ago蛋白参与了不同的生理过程。这些结果为进一步研究各Ago蛋白在橡胶树的生长发育及抗病抗逆过程中的功能提供了理论依据。     

A field experiment on stabilization of Cd in contaminated soils by surface-modified nano-silica (SMNS) and its phyto-availability to corn and wheat

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Cd-contaminated soil is a common environmental problem. Stabilization is an effective way of in situ remediation for Cd contamination in soils, but there is a lack...     

浅谈农村面源污染的现状及其治理措施

面源污染是一个普遍存在的环境问题,而农村面源污染更为突出。分析了农村面源污染的现状和成因,并提出几点防治措施。     

河南省近17年旱地小麦育种状况及新目标的确立

依据1990-2006年河南省旱地小麦区域试验结果,分析了17年来河南省旱地小麦区域试验参试品种（系）、对照种和区试中居前三位的品种（系）在产量、成产三因素方面的变化趋势,并主要依据所有参试品种（系）的平均值,分1990-1998、1999-2006两个阶段来分析育种目标的演变。结果表明,在1990-2006年17年中．成产三因素的变化趋势是：在争取提高产量的基础上,穗数比较稳定,穗粒数逐渐增加且趋于稳定,千粒重略微增加;两个阶段育成的品种（系）表现为：产量变化从每公顷4482kg增加到5192kg．每公顷穗数稳定在520万左右,穗粒数由28．4粒增加到31．1粒,千粒重稳定在39g左右。依此提出今后旱地小麦的育种目标为：产量达到每公顷6000kg,穗数稳定在520万-540万／hm^2,穗粒数达35粒左右,千粒重40g左右,同时应注重旱地优质小麦新品种（系）的培育。