Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages inversely correlates with parasitism of lymphoid tissues in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Background

There are only a few studies reporting the role of nitric oxide metabolites for controlling macrophage intracellular parasitism, and these are controversial. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lymph nodes and spleen of dogs affected by visceral leishmaniasis through immunohistochemistry and to determine its correlation with tissue parasite burden and serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels. Twenty-eight dogs were selected and assigned to one of two groups, symptomatic (n = 18) and asymptomatic (n = 10), according to clinical status and laboratory evaluation. A negative control group (n = 6) from a non-endemic region for visceral leishmaniasis was included as well.

Results

Parasite density (amastigotes/mm²) was similar between clinical groups in the lymph nodes (P = 0.2401) and spleen (P = 0.8869). The density of iNOS⁺ cells was higher in infected dogs compared to controls (P < 0.05), without a significant difference in lymph node (P = 0.3257) and spleen (P = 0.5940) densities between symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. A positive correlation was found between the number of iNOS⁺ cells in lymph nodes and interferon-γ levels (r = 0.3776; P = 0.0303), and there was a negative correlation between parasites and iNOS⁺ cell densities both in lymph nodes (r = −0.5341; P = 0.0034) and spleen (r = −0.4669; P = 0.0329).

Conclusion

The negative correlation observed between tissue parasitism and the expression of iNOS may be a reflection of NO acting on the control of parasites.     

无公害添加剂预混料对育肥牛胴体性状和肉品质影响的研究

将45头供试牛按体重大小排序,平均分成对照组、营养调控组和中草药组3个组,后两组作为试验组,分别饲喂课题组自主研制的营养调控预混料和中草药添加剂预混料。结果表明：对照组胴体重210.6kg、营养调控组为245.0kg;中草药组为249.6kg;其屠宰率分别为51.18%、55.75%、58.05%;两组试验牛在净肉率、胴体产肉率、眼肌面积、优质肉块数量等性状方面都明显好于对照组。     

3种喷雾助剂对呋虫胺防治苹果黄蚜的增效作用

采用室内毒力测定、助剂润湿铺展性能和田间效果评价研究了3种功能助剂NF-100、GY-T1602和迈道对呋虫胺防治苹果黄蚜的减施增效作用。结果表明,NF-100、GY-T1602和迈道3种助剂均未能提高呋虫胺对苹果黄蚜的毒力;20%呋虫胺SG 1 110～5 000倍液中分别添加0.1%NF-100、0.5%GY-T1602和0.3%迈道,表面张力降低6.97～37.44 mN/m、静态接触角降低10.58°～48.67°、黏附张力增加2.32～21.71 mN/m; 20%呋虫胺SG(有效成分用量32 mg/kg)减量处理添加3种助剂药后3～15 d对苹果黄蚜田间防效达90.83%～99.33%,其中添加NF-100和GY-T1602药后15 d防效均显著高于添加迈道处理及20%呋虫胺SG(40 mg/kg)未减量处理。因此,喷雾助剂NF-100和GY-T1602可显著改善呋虫胺药液的润湿铺展性能,减少呋虫胺有效成分用量20%,对苹果黄蚜仍有较高防效、且持效期延长。     

不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标的影响

选用3头三月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给三种日粮.日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为7030;6040;5050,研究不同日粮组成对断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内环境指标包括pH值、氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、纤毛虫数量及微生物蛋白的影响.试验结果表明精粗比为7030日粮条件下奶公犊瘤胃内pH值显著低于其它组(P＜0.01),7030日粮组瘤胃内NH3-N浓度显著高于精粗比为6040和5050日粮(P＜0.01).不同日粮组成下精粗比为6040和5050日粮的瘤胃纤毛虫数量和微生物蛋白显著高于高精料组7030日粮(P＜0.01).     

传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株HB-bp人工感染雏鸡的病理学观察

5周龄非免疫健康鸡人工感染传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株河北分离株HB-bp,3d后出现明显的临床症状,3～4d内死亡率达80％。法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、胸腺及腺胃有病理组织学变化,各个免疫器官和组织中均含有病毒,法氏囊内病毒含量最高,其次是脾脏。而对照组未见任何异常变化。     

Combined effects of clenbuterol and various concentrations of protein on performance of broiler chickens

1. The effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol (1 mg/kg diet) on the growth and muscle composition in female broiler chickens (14 to 32 d of age) fed on diets containing various concentrations of protein (220, 240 or 260 g protein/kg) were examined. 2. Body weight gain over the 18 d period increased linearly with increasing protein intake. The rate of gain was significantly higher in clenbuterol-treated chickens than in control birds. 3. Dietary clenbuterol increased thigh muscle weight and protein concentration of breast and thigh muscle, regardless of dietary protein content. Protein/DNA ratio in thigh muscle was enhanced by clenbuterol feeding, and the magnitude of difference of the ratio was higher in chickens fed on the 240 and 260 g CP/kg diets than in those fed the 220 g CP/kg diet. 4. It was concluded that clenbuterol-treated chickens require increased dietary protein to maintain maximal growth, and that increased protein consumption is an important factor in improving growth in clenbuterolfed broilers.     

Cloning and sequencing of a bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) interleukin-4-encoding cDNA.

Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) interleukin-4 (IL4) cDNA was cloned and sequenced. IL4 specific primers were based on the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the human and murine IL4 gene. The dolphin IL4 cDNA is 528 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame of 402 nucleotides coding an IL4 precursor of 133 amino acids, with the putative signal peptide of 24 amino acids. Analysis of the mature amino acid sequence shows three potential N-linked glycosylation sites and three disulfide bonds. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence shows that dolphin IL4 shares 77, 74, 58 and 41% identity with the bovine, ovine, human and mouse IL4s, respectively.     

贵州小型猪消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

为了观察贵州小型猪(Sus scrofa domestica var.mino Guizhounensis Yu.)消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态,试验应用改良的Pascual双重银染法显示贵州小型猪消化道黏膜的嗜银细胞。结果表明:除食管外,贵州小型猪消化道各部位均有嗜银细胞的分布,主要位于固有层腺泡上皮细胞之间,黏膜上皮细胞之间很少;细胞分布密度以胃体最高,其次为贲门、胃窦,结肠最低;嗜银细胞形态以锥体形最常见,此外还可见圆形、卵圆形、梭形或不规则形等;细胞的突起可指向腺泡腔、腺泡上皮细胞或固有层的结缔组织。说明贵州小型猪胃肠黏膜内有分布广泛、形态多样的嗜银细胞,可能是贵州小型猪胃肠道强大而复杂的内分泌功能的组织学基础。