植物生长抑制剂对小麦茎杆特性物质转运及产量的影响

石麦15为冬小麦节水高产型新品种,为了探明生长抑制剂对石麦15等品种的降秆防倒及产量效应,试验采用多效唑(paclobutrazol,PP333)和矮壮素(chlormequat,CCC)两种生长抑制剂进行春季喷施试验。结果表明,生长抑制剂影响冬小麦的茎秆生长,降低节间长度,但喷施时间较早对基部节间的影响明显,喷施较晚对较高节位的作用更大。生长抑制剂可降低茎秆干物重,促进茎秆储存物质向籽粒的转运,从而增加产量,而且表现出明显的浓度梯度效应。试验初步明确了两种抑制剂的最佳应用剂量分别为矮壮素2.250kg/hm2和多效唑0.45kg/hm2,喷施溶液量450kg/hm2。     

花生高产技术研究

花生是我们常见的重要的经济作物和油料作物,不仅具有滋养补益的功效,更有助于 延年益寿,近些年,随着对花生的需求量越来越大,如何种植能够做到高产量、高质量成为了困 扰农民生产的主要问题。本文研究了花生的高产栽培技术,从种植前的准备工作,以及对地的 合理施肥、播种要求以及田间管理、收获等几个方面介绍了花生的高产栽培技术,以期能为农民 种植及相关研究人员提供些经验帮助。     

植物非编码RNA及其在甜菜中的应用研究

非编码RNA是在真核生物中发现的具有调控功能的RNA,能够以各种方式参与植物的生长发育、信号转导以及逆境胁迫等生命过程。甜菜是我国重要的糖料作物,最近研究发现非编码RNA中的miRNA能够以多种方式参与到甜菜应对盐胁迫、干旱胁迫及养分胁迫的应答中。另外,在病毒侵染甜菜过程中发现非编码RNA起到重要作用。因此研究甜菜非编码RNA对于甜菜的种植和品种改良具有重要意义。本文简要综述了目前研究较多的miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA的产生方式及调控机制,并介绍了miRNA参与甜菜逆境胁迫和lncRNA影响甜菜春化机制的一些研究,旨在对未来甜菜非编码RNA的进一步研究提供理论指导。     

甜菜耐盐性形态学及生理生化特征研究进展

土壤盐渍化是影响植物生长发育的重要因素,严重制约着我国农业的可持续发展。甜菜是耐盐性较强的作物,但严重盐渍化环境对其产质量影响较大,因此了解甜菜耐盐性机理并培育耐盐性较强甜菜品种对有效利用盐渍化土壤具有重要的意义。本文从盐胁迫对甜菜的形态学特征(种子萌发、幼苗生长、不同生长时期耐盐性)和生理生化特征(盐分离子积累与分布、渗透调节物质、离子选择性吸收、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性、植物激素)方面综述了甜菜耐盐性研究现状,并对目前存在的问题和未来可以进行的研究方向进行了探讨,旨在为进一步开展相关研究提供资料。     

Enclosed stigma contributes to higher spikelet fertility for rice(Oryza sativa L.) subjected to heat stress

With global warming, rice plants may be subjected to heat stress more regularly during the heatsensitive flowering stage, causing spikelet sterility and grain yield loss.Stigma exsertion is considered to increase pollen reception and promote female reproductive success.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of stigma exsertion on spikelet fertility at high temperatures.Five rice cultivars(Liangyoupeijiu, Shanyou 63, Huanghuazhan, Nagina 22, and IR64) with differing degrees of stigma exsertion were cultivated and exposed to high temperature at anthesis.Heat-tolerant cultivars did not always show a high percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas, and vice versa.Irrespective of the presence of more pollen grains on exserted stigmas, spikelets with exserted stigmas did not show greater spikelet fertility than spikelets with fewer exserted stigmas or hidden stigmas under heat stress.GA3 application augmented the percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas;however, it did not increase spikelet fertility under heat stress.Spikelet fertility of whole panicles was negatively correlated with the percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas, but positively with that with hidden stigmas.Viability of the hidden stigmas was less reduced than that of exserted stigmas under heat stress, suggesting that hidden stigmas have an advantage in maintaining viability.Heat stress delayed anther dehiscence and reduced the viabilities of both exserted stigmas and pollens, thereby causing low spikelet fertility.Together, these results suggest that high spikelet fertility does not depend on stigma exsertion and that enclosed stigma generally contributes to higher spikelet fertility and heat tolerance under high-temperature conditions during flowering in rice.     

石斛兰新品种‘广林紫嫣’

石斛兰‘广林紫嫣’（Dendrobium‘GFRI Ziyan’）是以紫眸石斛为母本,泼墨石斛为父本,通过人工杂交育成的新品种。株形中等,花大,花瓣和萼片紫红色,唇瓣深紫红色,色彩鲜艳,花期长,适应性强,易于管护,适于华南地区栽培。     

Inoculation treatments affect the migration and colonisation of rhizobia in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to characterise the migration and the colonisation dynamics of two different fluorescent-tagged rhizobia in various alfalfa tissues (especially in seeds); and also to develop efficient inoculation treatments to promote colonisation ability of target rhizobia in elite seed varieties.

Materials and methods: Four treatments (root drench, root damaging and drench, root drench with matrine, and flower spray) were applied to inoculate alfalfa with two fluorescent-tagged rhizobia, Ensifer meliloti LZgn5f (gn5f) and Ensifer meliloti 12531f (12531f), at three different growth stages; bud, flower and pod stages. The migration and colonisation dynamics of the two fluorescent tagged rhizobia strains were monitored using UV lamp detection and a stereo fluorescence microscopy.

Results: The results showed that both rhizobia strains mainly colonised the roots and could migrate to aerial tissues. In aerial tissues, when alfalfa plants were inoculated during the bud stage, both rhizobia strains mainly colonised the leaves and stems; during the flower stage, a spray inoculation treatment resulted in more 12531f colonising reproductive tissues, while during the pod stage, more rhizobial strains gn5f colonised seeds using the root drench with matrine treatment.

Conclusions: These results indicate that endophytic rhizobia are natural inhabitants of internal regions of roots, stems, leaves and that the endophytes may arise from reproductive tissues, such as seeds. Understanding the population dynamics of endophytic rhizobia in alfalfa would considerably improve the survival of target rhizobia during seed transfer. Combining target endogenous rhizobial species with good alfalfa seed varieties may lead to the development of a novel breeding method.     

FRBR视角下网络文献资源类型的识别研究

为了更有效地辨识网络环境中的文献资源类型,分析FRBR视角下的文献资源特征,归纳总结FRBR对各类文献属性的描述与揭示,结合各类文献的内容属性提出文献类型的辨识方法。认为,基于FRBR所揭示的各类文献资源的内容属性,能有效地辨识文献资源类型,利于网络环境中各类文献的建设、组织、管理与利用。     

水肥耦合效应对设施豇豆生理特性的影响

为了探究设施豇豆对不同水肥耦合效应的响应,在滴灌施肥条件下试验研究了水肥耦合对温室豇豆生长、生理、产量和品质的影响,从而制定出高产、优质、高效的滴灌施肥制度.试验采用二因素三水平完全组合设计3个灌水水平、3个施肥水平,共9个处理,分析了水肥耦合对豇豆光合特性、品质及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:滴灌施肥对豇豆株高和茎粗的影响具有统计学意义,适宜水肥配比有利于植株生长,高水高肥则引起“徒长”,进而影响后期产量与品质的形成;随着生育期的推进,净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率都呈双峰曲线型变化趋势:苗期温度低,光合作用较弱,增加水肥有利于光合指标的提高,伸蔓期光合强度增强,中水高肥处理效果最佳但与中水中肥之间的差异不具有统计学意义;结荚期豇豆光合能力达到最大,并随着水肥梯度增大而先增后减,趋势变化平缓,水肥需求量最大;豇豆产量与水分利用率均随着灌水施肥定额增加而先增后减,中水中肥处理的产量最高,临界值为28 598 kg/hm²,水分利用率高达95.33 kg/m³,并且水分利用率对水分的敏感度高于肥料,水肥交互作用对其影响不具有统计学意义;综合品质指标分析,中水中肥处理各指标效果表现最好,并且能够控制硝酸盐含量增加,维生素C、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的质量比分别达到285.3 mg/kg,90.48 g/kg,52.82 mg/g.     

日照市夏玉米“三位一体”高产栽培技术

以日照市夏玉米“三位一体”高产栽培技术为研究目标,重点讨论了夏玉米的品种选择及处理、肥料选择、机械施肥与田间管理的技术要点,分析“三位一体”高产栽培技术对日照市夏玉米栽培各方面的实际影响,以期对其他农作物的种植提供参考。