利用性诱剂防治花生田暗黑鳃金龟的研究

为明确暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky)性诱剂对成虫的引诱效果及对幼虫虫口密度的降低作用,在全国主要花生产区开展了田间诱捕试验,调查诱捕成虫数、幼虫减退率及对花生的保果效果。结果表明:一台诱捕器一天内诱到的最大成虫数为977头;幼虫减退率最高可达78.8%,保果效果最高可达68.6%。表明暗黑鳃金龟性诱剂对成虫有很强的引诱效果,并能明显减轻幼虫为害。     

唑草·苯磺隆24%可湿性粉剂小麦田间药效试验

田间试验表明唑草·苯磺隆24%可湿性粉剂28.8～43.2g/hm2能有效防除小麦田一年生阔叶杂草,药后45d,对猪殃殃、泽漆、麦家公、播娘蒿的株防效在90.5%～94.2%,鲜重防效在92.1%～96.4%。在推荐剂量下,对小麦生长安全。     

Effect of pH on the gelation of walleye pollack surimi and carp actomyosin pastes

ABSTRACT: The effect of pH on thermal gelation and transglutaminase (TGase; EC2.3.2.13)-induced suwari (setting) of surimi and actomyosin pastes was investigated. A strong and elastic gel was produced from walleye pollack surimi paste at pH 7.0 in the presence of Ca²⁺ using a two-step heating method. In contrast, walleye pollack actomyosin paste formed a weak gel under the same conditions as a result of the low concentration of endogenous TGase. In the presence of EGTA [ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethylether) tetraacetic acid], weak gels were formed at pH values of 7.0 and 6.0. Non-proteolytic modori (gel weakening) occurred extensively in the course of actomyosin gelation, but not in surimi gelation. Maximum TGase-induced myosin heavy chain cross-linking was observed at a slightly higher pH of 7.5 than at the optimal pH of endogenous TGase activity; the difference being derived from different substrates. Gelation of carp actomyosin paste at pH values of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 was monitored by measuring storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G"). A weak gel was formed at all pH values, but a slightly rigid and less elastic gel was obtained at lower pH values. The addition of microbial TGase (MTGase) formed strong elastic gels at pH 7.0 and 6.5. MTGase cross-linked myosin heavy chains even at pH 5.5, but contributed neither to suwari response nor strong gel formation. Overall, results suggest that the optimal pH for the gelation of surimi paste from easy-setting fish species is a compromise between the pH-optima of TGase activity and of preferable actomyosin conformation for myosin cross-linking.     

转基因植物对农业、农民和生态发展的意义

转基因植物商业化生产10年以来,尽管遇到各种各样的阻力,仍以前所未有的速度发展。长期积累的数据表明,在经济利益上,采用转基因植物的农民获得了显著的经济效益。由于采用转基因植物,农药特别是高毒农药使用量减少,减少了农田环境和水环境的化学毒素毒物的残留。由于转基因抗虫植物虫害减少,在粮食产品中有害微生物及其毒素毒物残留大大降低。这表明,在现有技术基础上,转基因植物商业化有利于农民生活质量的提高和环境的改良。     

Effects of stocking density on lipid deposition and expression of lipid-related genes in Amur sturgeon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acipenser schrenckii</Emphasis>)

To investigate the correlation between lipid deposition variation and stocking density in Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) and the possible physiological mechanism, fish were conducted in different stocking densities (LSD 5.5 kg/m³, MSD 8.0 kg/m³, and HSD 11.0 kg/m³) for 70 days and then the growth index, lipid content, lipase activities, and the mRNA expressions of lipid-related genes were examined. Results showed that fish subjected to higher stocking density presented lower final body weights (FBW), specific growth ratio (SGR), and gonad adipose tissue index (GAI) (P < 0.05). Lower lipid content was observed in the liver, gonad adipose tissue and muscle in sturgeons held in HSD group (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly with increasing stocking density, while no significant change was observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Furthermore, the cDNAs encoding lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) were isolated in Amur sturgeon, respectively. The full-length LPL cDNA was composed of 1757 bp with an open reading frame of 501 amino acids, while the complete nucleotide sequences of HL covered 1747 bp encoding 499 amino acids. In the liver, the activities and mRNA levels of LPL were markedly lower in HSD group, which were consistent with the variation tendency of HL. Fish reared in HSD group also presented lower levels of activities and mRNA expression of LPL in the muscle and gonad. Moreover, the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in both the liver and skeletal muscle were significantly upregulated in HSD group. Overall, the results indicated that high stocking density negatively affects growth performance and lipid deposition of Amur sturgeon to a certain extent. The downregulation of LPL and HL and the upregulation of PPARα may be responsible for the lower lipid distribution of Amur sturgeon in higher stocking density.     

东北藿香挥发油化学成分分析

采用气相色谱、气相色谱─质谱联机的分析方法,分析了东北藿香挥发油的化学成分,并从中确定了１５种化合物,鉴定组成占挥发油总量的９８６％,其主要组成是百里香醌（＞７０％）。东北藿香挥发油含量高（０５１％鲜重）,香气持久独特、稳定性好,是很好的食用和日用香精。     

云南保存橡胶树部分种质资源叶表型变异分析

对1854份橡胶树81′IRRDB种质资源的叶蓬、叶柄、蜜腺和叶片的14个表型性状进行调查和分析.结果表明,在14个性状中,相对性状分布频率最小值为0.59％～14.78％,最大值为40.08％～82.85％;用Upgma 法聚类,当欧式距离为5.11时,聚为5组,其中最大1组包括99.62％的样本;用Furthest Neighbor法聚类,在欧式距离为7.0时,聚为6组.2种聚类结果差异明显,但都表明叶子性状变异极丰富,变异与地理来源无关联.     

水稻插秧机后插式分插机构运动分析与试验

对水稻插秧机后插式分插机构进行了分析。通过秧针端点运动轨迹上的6个特定点,对后插式分插机构的运动学特性作了理论分析和计算机模拟,并利用高速摄像对机构运动学分析进行了试验验证。理论分析和田间试验表明,后插式分插机构的结构参数选择合理,插秧性能优良。     

今春小麦管理应注意的几个问题

2006年秋季,黄淮冬麦区遇到了百年不遇的异常气候,小麦死苗、旺长等现象十分普遍,这就为今春小麦管理带来不少麻烦。笔者根据去秋以及入冬以来小麦生长特点及本人多年工作经验,现提出今春小麦可能出现的问题及其处理建议,供农民朋友参考。     

农作制度对设施草莓土壤化学性状的影响

为了解长期种植设施草莓土壤化学性状的特点及其与农作制度的关系,在浙江省范围内采集草莓-水稻与草莓-蔬菜2种种植制度下的代表性设施草莓土壤,比较分析了2种种植制度下设施草莓土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁及p H值、电导率等化学指标。结果表明:浙江省设施草莓土壤盐分积累不明显,电导率较低,但土壤酸化显著;土壤有机质以中低等水平为主,平均为23.9 g/kg;全氮处于中高水平,平均为1.5 g/kg;土壤有效磷积累显著,平均高达142.1 mg/kg;速效钾处于中等水平,平均为122.9 mg/kg;交换性钙处于较高水平,平均为1235.5 mg/kg;交换性镁处于较低水平,平均为72.0 mg/kg。草莓-水稻与草莓-蔬菜2种种植制度下设施草莓土壤化学性状存在一定的差异,前者土壤电导率、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾分别比后者低106.5μS/m、3.4 g/kg、0.6 g/kg、128.7 mg/kg和137.0 mg/kg;但土壤p H前者比后者高0.1个单位。研究认为,草莓-水稻种植制度下有利于缓解设施草莓土壤因长期过量施用化肥引起的土壤酸化,减免氮、磷等养分的过度积累等问题。