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Muhammad Sufyan Asim Abbasi M. Dildar Gogi M. Arshad Ahmad Nawaz Daniel Neuhoff 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2017,69(4):197-202
Wireworms, the larvae of click beetle species Agriotes lineatus, A. obscurus and A. sputator are serious pests for several field crops. They are considered severe pests of potato tubers and the damages caused by them can be resulted a significant loss especially in organic crop production. Since synthetic insecticides are prohibited in Organic Farming; biological control methods have to be used in organic crop production. In the current study naturalis Beauveria bassianaa strain ATCC 74040 was used both under laboratory and field conditions using wheat and potato crops as a food source respectively. Fungus showed a significant mortality in high number of wireworms boxes (50%) compared to low number of wireworms (17%) and untreated boxes (13%) respectively. However, seed germination showed no effect in all three categories. Field data have shown mixed results when B. bassiana has been applied in a variety of application methods. Maximum infestation (3.99%) was recorded in untreated plots; while significantly lower damage (1.11%) was recorded in whole surface treated plots. During first year all the treatments were significantly different from each other; however, no significant differences were noted between furrows and whole surface applications but were different from control treatment during second year of experimentation. The results showed that the biological control of wireworms by using entomopathogenic fungi, such as B. bassiana is a promising target specific option without disturbing the other communities in the soil. 相似文献
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Night‐time tillage revisited: the delayed soil desiccation process in night‐time tilled plots may promote unexpected weed germination
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Night‐time tillage and sowing (photocontrol of weeds, soil cultivation in darkness) can reduce the germination and subsequent density of light‐sensitive weeds by excluding the short light flash during soil disturbance. In most experiments conducted from 1990 to 2004 worldwide, total weed density was reduced in night‐time tilled plots as expected. However, in a few field experiments, total weed density was significantly increased in night‐time compared with daytime tilled plots. We hypothesise that the desiccation process of the upper soil layer (roughly about 0–30 mm), from where most small seeded weeds emerge, may have been delayed in night‐time compared with daytime tilled plots, with significant effects on early seed germination processes. Daytime tillage was usually performed around noon, to capture high light intensities during soil tillage. However, around noon soil desiccation can be much higher than during the night. A few hours of relatively higher water availability for seeds in the upper soil layer during the night, before the next morning when soil desiccation usually increases again, may have favoured seed germination and subsequent weed emergence compared with daytime tillage, finally resulting in higher weed density in night‐time tilled plots. On the other hand, crop germination and emergence may also be higher under such conditions. 相似文献
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MA Cárdenas‐Gallegos JR Aké‐López F Centurión‐Castro JG Magaña‐Monforte 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):e92-e94
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the breed and season effects on scrotal circumference (SC) and semen characteristics of 28 mature hair sheep rams kept under tropical conditions. SCs, sperm concentration (SPC) and abnormal sperm were significantly affected by breed effect (p < 0.001). The season effect was significant in SPC (p < 0.0001) while ejaculate volume, mass motility and SPC were affected by breed × season interaction effect (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that the magnitude of the breed and season effects were not sufficient to affect the reproductive capacity of hair sheep rams throughout the year. 相似文献
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Natriuretic peptide system regulation in granulosa cells during follicle deviation and ovulation in cattle
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JG Ferst JE Nóbrega Jr PRA Rosa MT Rovani GF Ilha RC Bohrer R Ferreira BG Gasperin V Bordignon PBD Gonçalves 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):710-717
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are known to regulate reproductive events in polyovulatory species, but their function and regulation in monovulatory species remain to be fully characterized. Using a well‐established in vivo model, we found that bovine granulosa cells from follicles near the deviation stage express mRNA for the three NP receptors (NPR1, NPR2 and NPR3), but not for NP precursors (NPPA, NPPB and NPPC). The abundance of NPR3 mRNA was higher in dominant compared to subordinate follicles at the expected time of follicular deviation. After deviation, mRNA for all NP receptors was significantly more abundant in the dominant follicle. Intrafollicular inhibition of oestrogen receptors downregulated NPR1 mRNA in dominant follicles. In granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles, NPPC mRNA increased at 3 and 6 h after systemic GnRH treatment, but decreased at 12 and 24 h to similar levels observed in samples collected at 0 h. After GnRH treatment, NPR1 mRNA was upregulated at 24 h, NPR3 mRNA gradually decreased after 3 h, while NPR2 mRNA was not regulated. The mRNA expression of the enzyme FURIN increased at 24 h after GnRH treatment. These findings revealed that the expression of mRNA encoding important components of the NP system is regulated in bovine granulosa cells during follicular deviation and in response to GnRH treatment, which suggests a role of NP system in the modulation of these processes in monovulatory species. 相似文献
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MJ Ritter DJF von Pfeil BJ Stanley JG Hauptman R Walshaw 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):333-337
AIMS: To review results of the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy for the treatment of sialocoeles associated with the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in the dog, and to determine rates of recurrence and complication following this procedure. METHODS: Thirty-nine dogs with 41 sialocoeles that underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively evaluated with respect to signalment, aetiology, location of sialocoeles, duration of clinical signs, treatment prior to referral, post-operative use of antibiotics and drains, complications, and recurrence. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of surgery was 5.1 (SD 3.8) years, and duration of clinical signs 6.6 (SD 10.6) months. Long-term follow-up was available for 31 dogs; the minimum was 8 months and mean 47.7 (SD 25.8) months post-surgery. There was no recurrence of sialocoeles following the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy. Post- operatively, 6/35 (17%) cases developed a seroma at the surgical site. No breed or sex predisposition was determined. The cause of the sialocoele was unknown in 36/41 (88%) cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Excellent clinical results were achieved with a low rate of complications using the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual siaload- enectomy. The ventral approach is recommended to minimise the risk of recurrence of sialocoeles. 相似文献