塔里木河流域叶尔羌高原鳅的生物学调查

由于塔里木河流域的水质不断受到污染、鱼类生态遭到破坏,研究开发塔里木河流域土著鱼类迫在眉睫.2005年9月至2007年5月,先后数次对塔里木河流域优势七著鱼类--叶尔羌高原鳅的生活习性、周期洄游习性、生长繁殖习性等方面进行了调查和详细的观察研究,并随机取168尾,解剖其肠道,观察内容物.其结果显示:塔里木河流域优势土著鱼类--叶尔羌高原鳅具有底栖生活、周期性洄游、择地产卵繁殖、摄食凶猛等生物学特点,是以动物蛋白质为主的偏肉杂食性鱼类.     

Acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of sterols and phlorotannins from Ecklonia stolonifera

ABSTRACT:   As part of this study on the isolation of cholinesterase inhibitors from natural marine products, the bioactivity of the ethanolic extracts from 27 Korean seaweeds were screened using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory assays. Ecklonia stolonifera exhibited promising inhibitory properties against both AChE and BChE. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active n -hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fractions, obtained from the ethanolic extract of E. stolonifera , resulted in the isolation of the sterols; fucosterol ( 1 ) and 24-hydroperoxy 24-vinylcholesterol ( 2 ), from the n -hexane fraction and the phlorotannins; phloroglucinol ( 3 ), eckstolonol ( 4 ), eckol ( 5 ), phlorofucofuroeckol-A ( 6 ), dieckol ( 7 ), triphlorethol-A ( 8 ), 2-phloroeckol ( 9 ) and 7-phloroeckol ( 10 ), from the EtOAc fraction. Of these, compounds 2 , 9 and 10 were isolated from E. stolonifera for the first time. Compounds 4 – 7 , 9 and 10 exhibited inhibitory potential against AChE, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) values of 42.66 ± 8.48, 20.56 ± 5.61, 4.89 ± 2.28, 17.11 ± 3.24, 38.13 ± 4.95 and 21.11 ± 4.16 μM, respectively; whereas, compounds 1 , 2 , 4 and 6 were found to be active against BChE, with IC₅₀ values of 421.72 ± 1.43, 176.46 ± 2.51, 230.27 ± 3.52 and 136.71 ± 3.33 μM, respectively. It has been suggested that the inhibition of these enzymes by the sterols and phlorotannins derived from marine brown algae could be a useful approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

An investigation on the comparison of wet spinning and electrospinning: Experimentation and simulation

Polysulfonamide (PSA) has been widely used in many fields because of its excellent thermodynamic properties. In this study, PSA fibers were prepared separately via two different spinning ways, including conventional wet spinning and electrospinning. Fluid motion of wet spinning and electrostatic field of electrospinning were modeled using finite element analysis to investigate the spinning process. The properties of fabricated PSA fibers were characterized systematically by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravity analysis (TGA) and electronic strength tester. Based on the simulation and theoretical analysis of spinning process, it was found that the extruding force of the wet spinning is larger than that of the electrospinning. The larger extruding force makes the alignment of macromolecules inside fiber relatively uniform, and a higher proportion of crystallization happens. Accordingly, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PSA fibers could be improved due to a higher proportion of crystallization. The experimental results of mechanical strength and TG test are coincided with the simulation results. PSA fiber prepared by wet spinning has better thermal stability and mechanical properties than that fabricated by electrospinning.     

桑植县茶产业现状及发展对策

通过对桑植县茶产业现状进行实地考察调研,剖析桑植县茶产业发展的优势与不足,提出桑植县茶产业发展的对策措施。     

滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田对土壤理化性质及棉花产量的影响

在滨海盐碱地定点设置连续3年棉花秸秆还田和未还田2个处理,研究其对0~60 cm土层土壤理化性质和棉花产量的影响。结果表明,连续3年棉花秸秆还田显著降低0~30 cm土层土壤容重和0~10 cm土层0.25 mm土壤微团聚体含量;显著提高0~10 cm土层5 mm土壤大团聚体含量。在0~20 cm土层,3年秸秆还田显著提高棉花播前和各生育阶段土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效钾含量,平均分别比对照提高13.45%、18.57%、22.80%和22.57%;降低土壤速效磷和含盐量,平均分别比对照降低18.29%和16.59%。在20~40 cm土层,3年秸秆还田显著提高土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,平均比对照提高37.20%和31.62%;显著降低土壤含盐量,平均比对照降低19.06%。在40~60 cm土层,3年秸秆还田显著提高土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,平均分别比对照提高38.26%和24.83%。3年棉花秸秆还田分别比未还田显著提高棉花籽棉产量11.57%、19.01%和13.24%和皮棉产量18.56%、19.78%和18.73%,但对棉花单铃重和衣分无显著影响。     

Liraglutide ameliorates liver injury of type 2 diabetic mice via micro-RNA-33-AMPK pathway

AIM: To observe the effects of liraglutide on the level of microRNA-33 (miR-33) and the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and apoptosis-related proteins in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: High-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin were used to establish the type 2 diabetic model in C57BL/6 mice. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15):in control group, the normal mice were subcutaneously injected with equivalent volume of saline; in model group, the T2DM mice were subcutaneously injected with equivalent volume of saline; in low-and high-dose liraglutide treatment groups, the T2DM mice were subcutaneously injected with 100 and 200 μg·kg^-1·d^-1, respectively. After 4 weeks of administration, the levels of FBG, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT and AST were determined. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the liver tissues. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 in the liver tissue was detected by the technique of immunofluorescence. The protein levels of p-AMPK/AMPK and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The expression of miR-33 in the liver tissues was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the contents of FBG, TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT and AST were decreased significantly, while the content of HDL-C was increased significantly in low-dose liraglutide group and high-dose liraglutide group (P<0.05). The protein levels of phosphorylated AMPK and Bcl-2 were up-regulated significantly, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was down-regulated significantly (P<0.05). The level of miR-33 was decreased significantly (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Liraglutide alleviates liver injury in type 2 diabetic mice, and the mechanism may be associated with reducing the level of miR-33 and increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK in the liver tissues, thereby inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.     

土壤中解磷细菌的分离筛选

为筛选出高效的解磷微生物,提高磷的有效利用,采集向日葵、小麦、豆科等不同种植区单株的根际土壤,采用平板溶菌圈法从土壤中进行分离筛选,初步筛选出3株解磷菌JLX-1、JLX-2、JLX-3,研究不同条件对其解磷能力的影响。结果表明:菌株JLX-3的解磷能力较高,溶磷圈直径和菌落直径比值D/d为2.09。菌株JLX-3在碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为硫酸铵时,溶磷量分别为5.572、5.520mg·g~(-1),在氯化钠浓度为0.3g·L~(-1)、pH 7时解磷效果较好。根据形态特征和生理生化特征,初步将菌株JLX-3鉴定为芽孢杆菌。     

大葱ISSR反应体系的建立及优化

以大葱嫩叶为试材,采用单因素试验和正交实验探讨了Mg~(2+)浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶用量、模板DNA以及Buffer用量对大葱ISSR-PCR扩增的影响,建立了大葱ISSR反应体系。结果表明:优化后的最佳反应体系为10μL反应体系中,10×Buffer缓冲液1.0μL,Mg~(2+)浓度为2.0mmol·L~(-1),dNTPs浓度为0.3mmol·L~(-1),引物浓度为0.65μmol·L~(-1),Taq酶1.0U,模板DNA为60ng,用灭菌的超纯水补齐体积至10μL。对大葱71份样品材料进行ISSR-PCR扩增体系的检测结果显示,该优化体系扩增的产物条带清晰,稳定性高,为大葱种质ISSR分子标记遗传结构分析提供参考依据。     

球孢白僵菌不同施用方式对玉米促生作用的研究

采用土壤施用和叶面喷施2种方式将球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)菌株Bb202接种至玉米,研究不同接种方式及处理浓度对玉米生长的影响。结果表明,2种喷施方式对玉米苗均存在促生作用,且这种促生作用与孢子接种浓度密切相关。在叶面喷施处理中,白僵菌仅对玉米地上部分生长指标有促进作用,而对玉米苗的根长无显著影响;其中1.0×10~4孢子/m L处理组对玉米苗的促生效果最佳,其株高、叶长、叶宽、鲜重指标比蒸馏水对照组分别高出7.47%、15.42%、25.70%和16.85%。在土壤喷施处理中,白僵菌对玉米苗地上与地下部分均有显著促生作用;其中1.0×106孢子/m L和1.0×10~8孢子/m L处理组,玉米株高、叶长、根长、生物量指标较蒸馏水对照组分别提高了28.66%和29.59%、30.66%和37.85%、43.08%和33.60%、28.35%和32.55%。从对玉米苗的促生作用来看,用1.0×106孢子/m L的白僵菌悬浮液处理土壤,可以取得最经济、最显著的促生效果。     

粮食污染物残留免疫分析技术研究与示范

随着人们对粮食安全问题的重视,政府部门不断加强对粮食安全的监测工作。针对粮食生产、加工、储运过程中的化学污染物安全性问题,研究粮食污染物快速监测技术,研究污染物免疫分析方法通过利用抗原、抗体的特异性反应来检测农药含量,设计并筛选吡虫啉、多溴联苯醚、功夫菊酯、氰戊菊酯4种半抗原,制备相关高特异性的抗体,分析吡虫啉、多溴联苯醚、功夫菊酯与气相色谱法(GC)相比,稻谷、大米、玉米样品通过相关性分析均高度相关,操作简便、快速。