Inter- and intraspecific sequence variations of the chloroplast genome in wild and cultivated Raphanus

To assess the differentiation of the chloroplast genome in wild and cultivated species of Raphanus , nucleotide sequence polymorphisms were investigated for approximately 2 kbp ranging from trnL (UAA) to psbG in R. raphanistrum and R. sativus . Eighteen plants of wild species, 10 Japanese wild radish plants ( R. sativus ), and 31 cultivated plants were used for sequence analysis. Intraspecific variations of the chloroplast genome were present both in wild and cultivated Raphanus . All three genes investigated ( trnL , trnF and ndhJ ) contained nucleotide substitutions within the genus. Whereas, larger numbers of mutations were observed in the intergenic regions. Using the detected variations, the 59 radish plants were classified into 11 haplotypes, seven of which were unique to wild species. Among the haplotypes, one type corresponded completely with the Ogura male sterile cytoplasm. All the cultivated radishes belonged to one of four types, of which three were also observed in Japanese wild radish. The haplotypes were classified into four groups by cluster analysis, and the distribution in the dendrogram confirmed that cultivated radish has multiple origins. On the other hand, the seven haplotypes uniquely observed in R. raphanistrum were considered as useful materials to provide genetic diversity of cytoplasm for breeding of cultivated radishes.     

孕穗期低温条件下ABA对水稻结实率及叶片生理特性的影响

为了明确ABA对孕穗期低温下水稻结实率及叶片生理特性的调控效应,本试验在盆栽条件下,以2个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种‘龙粳11’（冷敏型）和‘龙稻5’（耐冷型）为材料,于孕穗期在人工气候室进行低温（15℃,持续1,2,3,4,5天）处理,并喷施不同浓度的脱落酸(ABA),研究低温条件下ABA对不同水稻结实率的调控效应,同时探讨了ABA和低温对水稻叶片膜透性、抗氧化酶等生理特性的影响。结果表明：低温条件下,‘龙稻5’的结实率变化不大,‘龙粳11’的结实率显著降低,20 mg/L的ABA能够有效缓解低温伤害,相对提高低温胁迫下水稻的结实率。叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性表现出先升高后下降的变化趋势,‘龙稻5’的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量高于‘龙粳11’,但丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率低于‘龙粳11’。ABA可提高冷敏品种的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量,同时可降低MDA含量和相对电导率。这说明ABA可以通过调控水稻抗氧化酶、可溶性糖等生理指标的活性及含量,进而提高冷敏水稻品种的耐冷性。     

福建省侵蚀坡地利用中存在的问题与对策

福建省开垦为果园的侵蚀坡地在利用中还存在工程措施不规范、地面覆盖度低、光能利用率不高和土壤肥力低等问题。这些问题目前都可以用成熟的技术措施加以解决。然而,由于农民科技水平不高,缺乏水土保持和果园生态栽培意识,先进的坡地果园管理措施屡推不开。因此,加大科普宣传力度,提高民众的水土保持意识,推行生草覆盖等果园生态栽培模式,是确保侵蚀坡地果园可持续利用的重要措施。     

浙江省缙云县农机服务专业合作社发展现状与对策

为发挥农机服务专业合作社在浙江省缙云县农业生产中的作用,归纳总结了缙云县农机服务专业合作社发展的现状和成效,并对该县当前农机服务专业合作社发展存在的问题进行了分析,在此基础上提出了加快发展缙云县农机服务专业合作社的相关措施建议。      

Characteristics and thermodynamics analysis ofoxyacetylene flame brazing joint of Cu/Al tubes

以磨盘柿为试材,研究不同液浸处理对冰温贮藏(-0.5～-0.2)℃柿果涩味转变、品质及生理指标的影响。结果表明:在冰温条件下,用2%浓度的NaCl溶液贮藏磨盘柿,可使果实的乙醇含量在贮藏30～45 d内急剧增加,促进可溶性单宁的降低,在贮藏45 d时达到完全脱涩,并可有效延缓果实硬度的下降,具有脱涩和保脆的双重作用,同时可保持相对较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,抑制贮藏后期果实丙二醛和膜相对电导率的增加,减缓果实的衰老进程。     

跟踪式数字流量计

该文介绍了一种采用实时跟踪方案的流量测控方法。应用数字阀和单片机模糊控制手段,通过记录数字阀的控制信号计算出流量。这是一种成本低、且能满足精度要求的技术方案。     

磁化水灌溉对番茄生长及生理特性的影响

通过日光温室试验,研究磁化水灌溉对番茄幼苗期和开花期生长性状与生理特性的影响,为磁化水灌溉在蔬菜生产中的应用提供依据。试验设置2个处理:磁化水灌溉、普通水灌溉（CK）。试验结果表明:与普通水灌溉相比,磁化水灌溉处理的番茄植株株高增长15%、茎粗增长8.2%;磁化水灌溉处理后的幼苗期番茄叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性分别增长22%、44.4%、18.4%,开花期番茄叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性分别增长15.8%、21.5%、48.3%;磁化水灌溉处理后的开花期番茄根系活力增长56%。磁化水灌溉能有效提升番茄生长性能、酶活性和根系活力,可为绿色、无公害蔬菜生产技术的应用提供参考。      

我国黑荆树适生区的划分及各区栽培技术要点

Based on the distribution of 64 locations in wattle natural distribution in Australia and the data collected from 61 plantations in 30 more countries, 5 important factors were selected for determining the suitable climatic requirements for the growth of wattle. The experience of plantation wattle in China for over 30 years has been summarized. According to the comparison of climate and geographic distribution of wattle in China and other countries, China is a suitable country for growing wattle. Based on the results of our investigation, a division of suitable areas for growing wattle in China was made. Key points of planting method in each area were suggested.     

高蛋白抗旱小麦新品种晋麦105号丰产稳产及适应性分析

根据2017-2018年度和2018-2019年度山西省南部中熟冬麦区旱地组区域试验和生产试验的资料,采用方差分析、增产点率分析、AMMI模型分析等方法对小麦新品种晋麦105号的产量进行比较分析,以了解其丰产、稳产性等生产性能。结果表明晋麦105号在2017-2018年度区域试验中较对照晋麦47号增产7.1%,在2018-2019年度区域试验中较对照晋麦47号增产6.2%,稳定性参数在2年区域试验中分别排名第3和第1,在生产试验中稳定性参数排名第1,稳定性超对照。说明晋麦105号适用范围广,具有旱作丰产性、稳产性好的特点,是适宜山西省南部旱作区大面积推广应用的优良品种。     

电气自动化技术在灌溉管理中的创新及应用

我国作为农业大国,农业生产水平的高低直接决定国民经济水平的高低。所以,坚持科技发展观来创新发展农业生产是非常必要的。以电气自动化技术来说,将其科学合理地应用于灌溉管理之中,能够促进农作物良好生长,同时有效节约水资源。基于此,该文将着重分析电气自动化技术在灌溉管理中应用的重要意义,进而探讨如何在灌溉管理中创新应用电气自动化技术,并提出可行性的意见,希望对于提高我国农业生产水平有所帮助。