聚丙烯酸钠对黄土坡面产流产沙的影响研究

通过野外模拟降雨试验,研究了施用SP对黄土坡面产流、产沙的影响,并对实验数据进行数学模拟,建立了SP施用量与产流、产沙强度间的关系模型.结果表明:SP施用量与产流时间、平均产流强度呈二次函数相关关系,与产沙强度呈线性负相关关系.SP用量在0～2.42 g/m\+2之间时,能够延缓坡面产流,用量为1.21 g/m\+2时延缓产流效果最明显;用量介于0～3.31 g/m2之间时,能够增加土壤入渗,减少坡面产流量,用量1.65 g/m2的增渗减流效果最佳;施用SP后,能够减少坡面输沙强度,且用量越大,减沙效果越明显.SP可影响坡面产流过程,用量1.8 g/m2时,能够减小产流初期径流强度增幅,用量为3.6 g/m2时,其产流过程线与对照极接近,而施用量增加到5.4 g/m2时,产流强度明显增大.SP对坡面产沙过程的影响表现为:随施用量增大,产沙强度峰值呈逐步减小的变化趋势.     

5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜室内毒力及田间防效

为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量,开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验.结果 表明,1％甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高,50％噻虫嗪WG毒力最低,24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1875.69 mg/L.5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐＞啶虫脒＞吡蚜酮＞呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪.田间试验结果表明,随着施药时间的延长,...     

丸粒化处理对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响研究

采用二因素裂区设计,以保水剂和活性炭、硅藻土、凹凸棒为填充剂的包衣材料制作丸粒化胡麻种子,研究了丸粒化处理对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:与不加保水剂相比,保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1时,丸粒种子的活力指数和出苗率显著提高20.11%、18.62%;随着保水剂含量的增加,幼苗的根冠比显著减小3.25%。包衣剂中以活性炭:凹凸棒=1∶1为填充剂的发芽率和出苗率比不加填充剂的明显提高6.79%、22.41%,幼苗生长最健壮。与未丸粒化的种子相比,当保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1时,以活性炭:凹凸棒=1∶1为填充剂的丸粒种子发芽指数、活力指数和出苗率显著提高,而且幼苗的茎粗、叶面积和根冠比分别显著增加11.02%、27.35%、28.07%。可见,适量的保水剂(保水剂质量与种子质量为1∶1)和以活性炭、凹凸棒为填充剂的包衣剂能提高胡麻种子活力,增加出苗率,使幼苗的干物质重增大,根系发达,根冠比提高,为胡麻高产奠定了良好的基础。     

应用于家蚕F2代分离群体的两种连锁作图方法的作图效果比较

构建精细的家蚕分子连锁图谱需要合适的作图方法。应用Mapmaker/EXP3.0和F2lnkgsilk两种作图方法,对家蚕F2代91个个体为分离群体的300个AFLP标记和69个个体为分离群体的470个RAPD标记数据进行了比较分析。用F2lnkgsilk作图方法分析得到的分群数与Mapmaker/EXP3.0作图方法相比有所增加,而总的图距却显著增加,平均图距也有较大的增加,但产生的二联体数基本相同。就单个连锁群而言,两种作图分析方法的连锁标记及其数目80%以上相同,但是标记间的排列顺序70%以上有差异;用F2lnkgsilk作图方法分析得到的单个连锁群的总图距和平均图距也相应增大。     

Effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress injury in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

AIM To investigate the effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. METHODS Female SD rats （n=60） were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Diane-35 （0.339 2 mg/kg） group, low dose astragaloside （12.5 mg/kg） group and high dose astragaloside （50 mg/kg） group, with 12 rats in each group. The PCOS model was induced by letrozole （1 mg/kg）, which was administered by gavage once a day for 3 weeks. After administration, the estrus cycle of the rats was observed by vaginal smear, and the ovarian index was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ovaries. Serum levels of the sex hormones testosterone （T）, estradiol （E₂）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by ELISA. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in serum and ovarian tissue were detected by colorimetry, and the protein levels of steroidogenetic acute regulatory protein （StAR） and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULT Compared with control group, the oestrous cycle of the rats in model group was disorder, and the ovarian index was increased, ovary was polycystic. The serum levels of T, LH and MDAwere significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the contents of E2, FSH and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of MDA, StAR, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins in ovarian tissue were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. GSH-Px and SOD activities and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Astragalosideeffectively balances the levels of sex hormone in PCOS rats and relieves the oxidative stress injury, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of StAR expression.     

秦川牛超数排卵效果的研究

本研究共超排秦川牛31头次，有效超排20头次，有效率为64.5％。头均获胚总数6.45枚，可用胚4.20枚。激素用量为300 mg/头时，头均获胚总数和头均可用胚数显著高于260和340 mg组（P<0.05）。冬春季的头均获胚总数（8.56）和头均可用胚数（6.00）显著高于夏秋季（4.73、2.73）（P<0.05）。对供体牛连续超排处理3次，间隔70 d，对超排效果无显著影响。     

高通量测序分析中国沙棘根瘤与根际土壤细菌多样性

以中国沙棘根瘤和其根际土壤为材料,采用高通量测序技术,分析沙棘根瘤内生细菌与根际土壤细菌的多样性差异,探究沙棘根瘤中引起根部瘤状突起的以弗兰克氏菌(Frankia)为主的沙棘根瘤内生细菌的来源。结果表明:沙棘根瘤中检测到的内生细菌归属于10门23纲45目76科和93属,其中,优势菌门为Actinobacteria和Proteobacteria,优势菌属为Frankia。在沙棘根际土壤中检测到的细菌归属于39门84纲156目280科和409属,其中,优势菌门为Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria和Acidobacteria,优势菌属为Gaiella、Bacillus、Solirubrobacter、Arthrobacter和Stenotrophomonas。可见,中国沙棘根际土壤细菌多样性要高于根瘤内生细菌多样性,沙棘根瘤内生细菌与根际土壤细菌的群落结构既有相似性又存在差异,其中,在根瘤中占优势的Frankia在根际土壤中虽也存在但相对丰度较小,仅为0.02%。     

一株白僵菌的分离鉴定及其对微小牛蜱的致病力试验

为了得到用于防控微小牛蜱的高毒力菌株,本试验从野外微小牛蜱饱血雌蜱体表分离出一株白僵菌,通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行了鉴定,确认该分离株为球孢白僵菌.致病力研究表明,当孢子浓度达到108孢子/mL,该菌株对微小牛蜱饱血成蜱的致死率即可达到100%,为微小牛蜱的生物防控试剂的研究及应用奠定了基础.     

Effects of nitric oxide on hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic rats induced by LPS

AIM: To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic rats induced by LPS. METHODS: The cirrhotic model of rats was established by complex pathogeny. Since the end of the 8 th week, the rats were intragastrically-infused with 0.9% salt, L-arginine(L-arg) and LNNA respectively for 2 weeks.The hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic rats were induced by 3 mg/kg LPS (ip) 4 hours before the rats were sacrificed. RESULTS: The normal behaviors and electroencephalograph were appeared in L-arg group. LNNA group showed hepatic encephalopathy. The content of NO₂^-/NO₃^- of brain tissue was markedly higher in L-arg group than LNNA group(P<0.05), but the content of histamine in brain tissue was lower in L-arg group than LNNA group(P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the content of histamine in brain tissue and the content of NO₂^-/NO₃^- of brain tissue. CONCLUSION: NO can prevent hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic rats induced by LPS.     

陇中黄土高原不同草田轮作模式土壤碳组分的差异研究

通过田间定位试验,研究黄土高原西部旱农区多年生苜蓿草地(L-L)及苜蓿耕翻轮作处理苜蓿-休闲(L-F)、苜蓿-小麦(L-W)、苜蓿-玉米(L-C)、苜蓿-马铃薯(L-P)、苜蓿-谷子(L-M)对土壤总有机碳(TOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)及重组有机碳(HFOC)的影响。结果表明,在0200 cm土层,不同轮作模式下土壤总有机碳含量及土壤各有机碳组分均表现为随土层加深呈波动下降趋势,其中TOC、ROC、HFOC含量最高值和最低值分别出现在苜蓿连作表层(05 cm) 和苜蓿轮作(小麦)中层(3050 cm) ,LFOC最高值和最低值分别出现在苜蓿轮作(马铃薯)表层(05 cm)和苜蓿轮作(玉米)底层(170200 cm)。与苜蓿连作模式相比,苜蓿轮作(小麦、玉米、马铃薯、谷子)会降低TOC、ROC、HFOC含量,增加LFOC含量,其中TOC含量分别降低17.44%,9.25%,18.40%和9.34%;ROC含量分别降低28.10%,8.52%,29.75%和23.17%;HFOC含量分别降低18.80%,10.06%,20.53%和12.50%;LFOC分别增加7.41%,5.56%,22.22%和57.41%。可见,苜蓿种植多年耕翻轮作粮食作物后降低了土壤总有机碳水平,且对有机碳各组分的影响存在显著差异。